2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第17课九年级Units5_6基础知识.docx

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1、1第 17课 九年级 Units 56课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. mention 提到；说到2. chopstick 筷子3. coin 硬币4. fork 叉子5. silver 银；银色的6. glass 玻璃7. cotton 棉；棉花8. produce 生产；制造9. process 加工；处理10. local 当地的；本地的11. avoid 避免12. product 产品；制品13. handbag 小手提包14. mobile 可移动的15. surface 表面；表层16. material 材料；原料17. traffic 交通19. internationa

2、l 国际的20. its 它的21. scissors 剪刀22. style 样式；款式23. project 项目；工程24. website 网站25. list 列表；名单26. nearly 几乎；差不多27. ruler 统治者28. boil 煮沸29. remain 保持不变；剩余30. national 国家的；民族的31. fridge 冰箱32. low 低的；矮的33. earthquake 地震34. instrument 器械；仪器35. sour 酸的218. glove 手套 36. customer 顾客词汇拓展1. glass（n.） glasses （pl

3、.）眼镜2. leaf（n.） leaves （pl.）叶；叶子3. produce（ v.） product （n.）产品；制品 production （n.）生产；制造；出产4. wide（adj.） widely （adv.）广泛地；普遍地5. France（n.） French （n. & adj.）法国人，法语；法国的，法国人的，法语的6. German（n. & adj.） Germany （n.）德国7. postman（n.） postmen （pl.）邮递员8. nation（n. ） national （adj.）国家的；民族的 international （adj.）国际

4、的9. live（v.） alive （adj.）活着的；在世的 lively （adj.）生机勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的10. complete（v. & adj.） completely 12. day（n.） daily （adj.）每日的；日常的13. rule（v.） ruler （n.）统治者；支配者14. smell（v. & n.） smelled/smelt （过去式） smelled/smelt （过去分词）发出气味；闻到15. translate（v.） translation （n.）翻译 translator （n.）翻译员16. sudden（adj.） suddenl

5、y （adv.）突然（地）17. music（n.） musical （adj.）音乐的；有音乐天赋的 musician （n.）音乐家18. custom（n.） customer （n.）顾客；客户19. Canada（n.） Canadian （adj.）加拿大的；加拿大人的3（adv.）完全地；完整地11. please（ v.） pleased （adj.）高兴的 pleasure （n.）高兴；愉快20. hero（n.） heroes （pl.）英雄；男主角21. ring（v.） rang （过去式） rung （过去分词） （使）发出钟声或铃声；打电话中考词组短语词 组1.

6、be known for. 以闻名2. no matter无论3. by accident偶然；意外地4. take place发生5. without doubt毫无疑问6. all of a sudden突然7. by mistake错误地8. divide.into.把分成9. look up to钦佩10. be made of/from. 由制成11. be famous for. 因著名12. be picked by hand由手工采摘13. be sent for processing被送去加工21. be carefully shaped by hand被小心翼翼地用手工加工

7、成形22. be fired at a very high heat被高温烧制23. at midnight在午夜24. in our daily lives在我们的日常生活中25. over an open fire在篝火上26. fall into the water掉进水里27. a few thousand years later几千年之后28. during the 6th and 7th centuries在第 6和第 7世纪期间29. in less than 100 years在不到 100年的时间里30. spread the popularity of tea to. 把茶

8、普及到414. be made in在某地制造15. avoid doing. 避免做16. be good at making everyday things擅长制造日用品17. be painted with. 绘有18. be turned into objects of beauty被转变成美丽的物品19. in trouble处于麻烦中20. be cut with scissors用剪刀剪31. be sold at a low price低价销售32. translate.into. 把翻译成33. be enjoyed by sb. for fun and exercise被某

9、人作为娱乐和锻炼而喜欢34. on a hard floor在坚硬的地板上35. stop.from. 阻止做36. come up with the idea想出这个主意中考句型回顾书面表达素材 1. 物品的材质、产地和用途等The shirts are made of cotton. 这些衬衫是棉质的。He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.他发现了一件有趣的事，在当地的商店里，很多的商品是中国制造的。It is used for scooping really

10、cold ice-cream.它被用来舀相当冷的冰淇淋。2. 发明Potato chips were invented by mistake . 炸薯条是无意中被发明的。The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893. 5拉链是由 Whitcomb Judson在 1893年发明的。3. 文化风俗 Its said that a Chinese ruler called/named Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说一个名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶这种饮料的。

11、According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.根据中国的历史，孔明灯首先是被诸葛孔明使用的。They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes .他们被看作是幸福和美好祝福的光明的象征。 Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the na

12、ture of tea.尽管现在很多人了解茶文化，但中国人无疑是最懂茶性的人。 For example , Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.例如，安溪和杭州都是因它们的茶而广为人知。语法精萃 As far as I know , tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.据我所知，茶树被种在山的周围。Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.6每个中国不同的区域都有它特殊的

13、传统艺术形式。During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.春节期间，它们（剪纸）被贴在窗户、门以及墙上，象征好运、新年快乐。情景交际 They are made of bamboo and covered with paper. 它们是由竹子制造的，并用纸覆盖着。 （一般现在时的被动语态）But at that time, it wasnt used widely. 但是在那时它没有被广泛地

14、使用。 （一般过去时的被动语态）课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、produce 的用法【例句展示】1. The plant produced a terrible smell.这株植物散发出难闻的气味。2. The factory produces mobile phones.这家工厂生产手机。【精讲辨析】由例句 1、2 可知，produce 是及物动词，意为“生产；制造；产生” 。它有名词形式product，意为“产品” 。【活学活用】7根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 那家工厂每个月生产多少玩具？How many toys_ in that factory every month?2. 这混合物散

15、发出令人愉快的气味。The mixture_ a pleasant smell.二、no matter 的用法【例句展示】1. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.无论你买什么，你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。2. No matter what you say, I wont believe you.无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。3. No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.无论你是谁，都必须遵

16、守规则。4. No matter where you go, you should remember your home.=Wherever you go, you should remember your home.无论你去哪儿，你都应该记得你的家。【精讲辨析】1. no matter意为“无论；不论” 。与 what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。状语从句的位置可放在主句前或主句后。在这样的让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。2. 引导让步状语从句时， “no matter+疑问词”结构相当于

17、“疑问词+ever” 。如：8no matter how=howeverno matter what=whateverno matter when=wheneverno matter where=wherever【活学活用】用适当的词填空。1. You can go to Singapore_you likespring, summer, autumn or winter.2. My dog always follows me_ I go.三、postman 的用法【例句展示】1. The postman brings letters and postcards to peoples home

18、s.邮递员把信和明信片带到人们的家里来。2. The postman has brought a parcel for you.邮递员给你带来了一个包裹。【精讲辨析】1. postman是可数名词，意为“邮递员” ，其复数形式为 postmen。2. 以-man 结尾的名词，变复数形式时把-man 变为-men 的词还有：woman（女人）womenpoliceman（男警察）policemenpolicewoman（女警察）policewomen9Frenchman（法国人）FrenchmenEnglishman（英国人）Englishmenbusinessman（商人）businessme

19、n3. 以-man 结尾，其复数形式在-man 后加-s 的词有：human（人；人类）humansGerman（德国人）Germans【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. They want to be_（postman） when they grow up.2._（German） are from Germany.四、divide 的用法【例句展示】1. He divided the cake among the children. 他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。2. Lets divide ourselves into several groups.让我们分成几个小组吧。3. The s

20、tudents in our class are divided into eight groups.我们班的学生被分成了 8个小组。【精讲辨析】divide是及物动词，意为“分开；分割” 。divide.into.与 separate.into.同义，意为“把分成” ，此短语可用于被动语态，即 be divided into，意为“被分为” 。10【活学活用】用适当的短语填空。A year has four seasons and it_ twelve different star signs.中考重点句型一、It is believed that. 人们认为【例句展示】1. It is b

21、elieved that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.人们认为在第 6世纪和第 7世纪期间，茶被带到了韩国和日本。2. It is believed that it is well worth seeing. 人们认为它是很值得看的。3. It is said that they have won the game. 据说他们赢得了那场比赛。【归纳提高】It is believed that.相当于 People believe that.，意为“人们认为” ，其中it为形式主语，真正的

22、主语是 that引导的从句。类似的句型还有：It is said that.据说；It is reported that.据报道；It is known that.众所周知；It is supposed/thought that.人们认为。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。It_ （report） that the haze（雾霾） in Beijing caused many problems 11last week.二、sth. be used for doing. 某物被用来做【例句展示】Its used for scooping really cold ice-cream.它是被用来

23、舀相当冷的冰淇淋的。【归纳提高】1. be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事” ，可与 be used to do sth. 进行转换。2. be used还可与介词 by连用，表示“被使用” ，介词 by后接动作的执行者。如：Bikes are used by most people in China.自行车在中国被大部分人所使用。3. be used还可与 as连用，表示“作为被使用” ，as 表示主语的性质。如：English is used as the first language in England.英语在英国被作为第一语言使用。【活学活用】根据汉语意思

24、翻译句子。1. 灯泡被用来在黑暗中照明。Light bulbs_ in the dark.2. 竹子能被用来造纸。Bamboo（竹子） can_ make paper.三、am/is/are+done 被12【例句展示】1. This knife is made of wood and metal.这把刀是由木头和金属制造的。2. Bananas are produced in Hainan. 香蕉在海南种植。3. I am taken care of by my uncle. 我由我的叔叔照顾。【归纳提高】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：在一般现在时态的句子中，被动语态由“be（am, is,

25、are）+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be 动词随人称、数的变化而改变。【活学活用】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. This kind of bike_（make） in Suzhou.2._ tea plants_（grow） in Hangzhou?3. Now computers_（use） all over the world.四、was/were+done 过去被【例句展示】1. The desk was made by my father.这张桌子是我爸爸做的。2. They were invented by Julie Thompson.它们是由朱莉汤普森发明的。13【归纳提高】一般

26、过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。【活学活用】用所给词或短语的适当形式填空。1. Frog, Mo Yans latest novel, please!Sorry, it_ （sell out） just now. But we will have it soon.2. On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts_ （send up） into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of

27、its successful launch.3. Do you know when the first train_（produce） in China?4. Have you heard about that car accident near the school?Yes, luckily, no one_ （hurt）.中考词语辨析一、invent 与 discover【例句展示】1. I think the calculator was invented before the computer.我认为计算器是在计算机之前被发明的。2. Tea was discovered by She

28、n Nong.茶是由神农发现的。14【辨异突破】invent是及物动词，意为“发明（前所未有的东西） ”，名词形式有：invention 发明物；inventor发明家。与 discover的区别在于：invent指经过认识和实践创造出前所未有的事物；discover 意为“发现” ，指发现原来已经存在的事物（只是以前人们没有发现） 。如：Who discovered America?谁发现了美洲？【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 这种电池供电的拖鞋是由两个人发明的。The battery-operated slippers_two people.2. 后来他发现他儿子其实很聪明。Lat

29、er he_that his son was very clever in fact.3. 他总能发明新游戏逗孩子们开心。He can always_ new games to cheer kids up.二、be made of 与 be made from【例句展示】151. Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制造的。2. The desk is made of wood.这桌子是由木头做的。【辨异突破】be made作为被动语态的结构，它有多个词组搭配，且意义都不相同。 be made of意为“由制成” ，材料是很明显看得出的；be made from 也意为“

30、由制成” ，但其材料不能从表面看出。还有 be made in意为“在（地方）制造” ；be made up of意为“由组成” ；be made into 意为“被做成” ；be made by 则是“由制造”之意。【活学活用】用适当的介词填空。1. Our class is made_ 20 girls and 22 boys.2. The bags made_ plastic are bad for our environment. Dont use them anymore.3. This kind of watch is made_ Japan.三、please, pleased,

31、pleasant 与 pleasure【例句展示】1. You cant please everyone.你不可能使每个人都满意。2. The boy wasnt pleased with his performance andcried.这个小男孩对自己的表演不满意，哭了。163. They can offer you a pleasant trip.他们会给你提供一次愉快的旅行。4. Reading books makes my life full of pleasure.阅读使我的生活充满了快乐。【辨异突破】please（v.）意为“使满意” ，please（int.）意为“请” ；pl

32、eased（adj.）意为“满意的；感到高兴的” （人作主语） ；pleasant（adj.）意为“令人愉快的” （物作主语） ；pleasure（n.）意为“乐趣” 。With pleasure.=Certainly.好的（用于回答对方请求） ；Its a/my pleasure.不用谢（用于回答对方的感谢） 。【活学活用】用 please, pleased, pleasant或 pleasure填空。1. Im_ with the_ trip.2. _clean up the room.With_.四、everyday, every day 与 daily【例句展示】1. This is

33、our everyday homework.这是我们每天的作业。2. He reads books every day.他每天都看书。3. He writes for the daily newspaper.他为那家日报写稿。17【辨异突破】1. everyday是形容词，意为“每天的；日常的” ，在句中作定语，一般位于名词前面。2. every day是副词词组，意为“每天” ，在句中作状语，一般位于句首或句末。3. daily作形容词或副词，意为“每天的（地） ”，作形容词时，相当于 everyday；作副词时，相当于 every day。【活学活用】用 everyday, every d

34、ay或 daily填空。Its necessary for us to go to school_ to learn_ English.五、be known for, be known as 与 be known to【例句展示】1. Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.杭州因西湖而闻名。2. Zhou Jielun is known as a singer.周杰伦以歌手身份而知名。3. The Great Wall is known to the people around the world. 长城为全世界的人们所知。【辨异突破】1. be known

35、for意为“因 而著名” ，for 表原因，其后跟表示某个人或物的特长、特点的词。2. be known as意为“以而知名” ，as 后多跟表示某个人的身份、职业的名词。3. be known to意为“为所知” 。18【活学活用】用 for, as或 to填空。1. Han Han is known_ a writer.2. The place is known_ its hot springs.3. Hangzhou is known_ the people all over the world.六、each 与 every【例句展示】1. Each of the students ha

36、s a new bike.=The students each have a new bike.=The students have a new bike each.=Each student has a new bike.每个学生都有一辆新自行车。2. Every student has a new bike.每个学生都有一辆新自行车。【辨异突破】1. each用于两者或两者以上中的每一个，强调个体；可用作形容词、副词或代词，可作定语、状语、主语和同位语。2. every用于三者或三者以上，强调整体；用作形容词，作定语。【活学活用】用 each或 every填空。1. There are s

37、ome flowers on_ side of the river.192. They go to Hong Kong_ year.七、lively, living, live 与 alive【例句展示】1. The lecture is very lively. 这个讲座很生动。2. The old woman is still living. 这位老妇人仍然健在。3. Dont touch it. Its a live snake.别碰它，它是一条活蛇。4. She was alive when they took her to the hospital.他们把她送往医院时，她还活着。【辨

38、异突破】1. lively意为“生气勃勃的；（色彩）鲜艳的” ，作定语（前置） 、表语或宾语补足语，既可指人，又可指物。2. living意为“活着的” ，强调说明“健在” ，常作表语或定语，多用于指物，也可指人。3. live读作/laiv/时，意为“活的” ，一般作定语，只修饰物，不修饰人。4. alive意为“活着的” ，侧重生与死之间的界限，常作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语，多用于指人，也可指物。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。He has a strange way of making his classes_and interesting.20当堂检测一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. M

39、any of Mo Yans works_（translate） into foreign languages last year.2. Glass didnt become_（wide） used until the 13th century.3. When autumn comes, the_（leaf） on the trees turn brown and fall in piles.4. On weekends, the supermarket is usually full of （customer）.5. Among all the cinemas, Movie World se

40、lls the tickets at the_（low） price.6. When Tony got to school, he found the classroom door（lock）.7. Are they Germans or_（Canada）?8. Parents always care about the_（safe） of the children.9. The class is_（divide） into four groups to discuss the problem.10. The boys are_（throw） stones into the river.二、用

41、方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。see hero German process lively 1. I have never been to France or_.2. I dont like this man. I try to avoid_ him.3. All the meat_ in this factory.214. Shanghai is one of the_ cities in China.5. Lin Zexu was one of the most famous nationalin the recent history.三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写

42、出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。The beautiful sound of bamboo xiao reminds people of a lonely moon. Thats a moon highly hanging in the sky of a cold autumn night. It is the sound of the nature. There are even some xiao 1 （展览会） in China every year. Its a kind of Chinese traditional instrument. Nowadays, it has becom

43、e one of the 2 （国际的） instruments.The earliest xiao was 3 （生产） during the Han Dynasty. And 4 （它的） name was then qiangdi, which was popular among the Qiang people in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces. Qiangdi was a 5 （当地的） instrument then. In the first century BC, it became popular in the Yellow River area.

44、 Later, it was 6 （广泛地） used in China and it developed into an instrument with six holes, which was extremely 7 （相似的） to todays xiao.Its structure is quite simple, very much like the flute（长笛）, but its longer. Its 8 （材料） is usually bamboo. There is a mouth on the top and five sound holes on the front

45、 side and one hole at the back. Besides, there are other holes that are designed to adjust the tunes（曲调）, smooth the tones（音调）, and raise the volume（音量）. Xiao sounds soft and peaceful.The performance 9 （形式） are mainly the same as those of the flute. However, it is less 10 （有生气的） than the flute. For

46、that reason, it is only suitable to play slow and peaceful lyrics, which expresses peoples feelings and draws a beautiful picture of nature.22参考答案课堂突破【中考重点单词与短语】 一、1. are produced 2. produces二、1. no matter when/whenever 2. no matter where/wherever三、1. postmen 2. Germans四、is divided into【中考重点句型】 一、wa

47、s reported二、1. are used for seeing 2. be used to三、1. is made 2. Are, grown 3. are used四、1. was sold out 2. was sent up 3. was produced 4. was hurt【中考词语辨析】 一、1. were invented by 2. discovered 3. invent二、1. up of 2. of 3. in三、1. pleased, pleasant 2. Please, pleasure四、every day, everyday/daily五、1. as 2. for 3. to六、1. each 2. every 七、lively23当堂检测一、1. were translated 2. widely 3. leaves 4. customers 5. lowest 6. was locked 7. Canadians 8. safety 9. divided 10. throwing二、1. Germany 2. seeing