UL 101-2017 UL Standard for Safety Leakage Current for Appliances (Sixth Edition).pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 101 Leakage Current for Appliances STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AU

2、THORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Leakage Current for Appliances, UL 101 Sixth Edition, Dated July 31, 2017 SUMMARY OF TOPICS This sixth edition incorporates the following adopted proposals and reects the latest ANSI approval date

3、 of July 31, 2017: 1. Revisions To Remove Footnotes From UL 101 The new and/or revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated May 12, 2017. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

4、 any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any pur

5、pose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has be

6、en advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and again

7、st any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. JULY 31, 2017 UL 101 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR F

8、URTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 31, 2017 UL 101 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 31, 2017 1 UL 101 Leakage Current for Appliances First Edition November, 1970 Se

9、cond Edition August, 1973 Third Edition September, 1986 Fourth Edition March, 1992 Fifth Edition April, 2002 Sixth Edition July 31, 2017 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Sixth Edition. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 101 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on July

10、 31, 2017. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, and Title Page. Any other portions of this ANSI/UL standard that were not processed in accordance with ANSI/UL requirements are noted at the beginning of the impacted sections. Comments or proposals for revis

11、ions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at https:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard s

12、hould be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2017 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 101-2017UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR

13、DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 31, 2017 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose .4 2 Scope .4 3 Denitions4 PERFORMANCE 4 Leak

14、age Current Limits 5 4.1 General .5 4.2 Departure from leakage current limits .7 5 Test Method and Instrumentation for Measurement of Leakage Current .7 5.1 General .7 5.2 Characteristics of measurement circuit and measurement instrument .7 5.3 Test conditions .8 5.4 Test procedure .8 APPENDIX A RAT

15、IONALE A1 Rationale for Limits .A1 A2 Rationale for Flexible Metal Foil A2 A3 Rationale for Products Requiring EMI Filtering to Meet FCC RequirementsA2 A4 Rationale for Humidity Conditioning.A3 A5 Rationale for Higher Leakage Current Levels A3 A6 Rationale for Choice of Meter, and Alternative Meters

16、 A5 A7 Rationale for Measurement Circuits.A7 APPENDIX B METER DESIGN B1 General .B1 JULY 31, 2017 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose 1.1 To minimize the risks assoc

17、iated with the physical reaction of the user, or burns to the user, from exposure to leakage currents from appliances under foreseeable use conditions, this standard provides: a) Leakage current limits; b) Methods, specications for measuring equipment, and test conditions for measurement of leakage

18、currents. 2 Scope 2.1 This standard applies to cord- and plug-connected household and similar appliances (see Denitions, Section 3) rated 20 A or less, nominal 50 or 60 Hz, having 3-wire (including equipment grounding conductor) or 2-wire cords, and intended for use on supply circuits not exceeding

19、150 V to ground. 2.2 This standard does not apply to: a) Appliances having a grounding connection made at the factory to the neutral terminal. b) Electronic measuring instruments not intended for household use. The values in this standard do not provide protection against the minute currents which c

20、ould cause ventricular brillation if applied directly to the heart, as via a heart catheter. 3 Denitions 3.1 APPLIANCE (As referred to in this standard) Utilization equipment that uses electric energy for some function, usually complete in itself, generally other than industrial, normally built in s

21、tandardized sizes or types which is installed or connected as a unit to perform one or more functions. For example, a toaster, atiron, washing machine, hand drill, food mixer, air conditioner, gas appliance with electrical controls, kerosene heater with electric blower. 3.2 APPLIANCE, FIXED An appli

22、ance that is fastened or otherwise secured at a specic location. 3.3 APPLIANCE An appliance that is actually moved or can easily be moved from one place to another in normal use. 3.4 APPLIANCE, STATIONARY An appliance that is not easily moved from one place to another in normal use. 3.5 FORESEEABLE

23、USE Specied use conditions and other use conditions which a prudent person might assume would cause no immediate hazard. An open ground is considered to be a condition of foreseeable use. JULY 31, 2017 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPROD

24、UCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.6 LEAKAGE CURRENT Electric current which ows through a person upon contact, between accessible parts of an appliance and: a) Ground, and b) Other accessible parts of the appliance. 3.7 MIU-MEASUREMENT INDICATION UNIT Is the output voltage (V3) in m

25、illivolts rms from the measurement instrument in Figure 5.3 divided by 500 (the value in ohms of the resistance in parallel with V2 in the measurement instrument circuit). (The indication is essentially the rms value of a 60 Hz sinusoidal leakage current in mA. It may not be a direct indication of t

26、he rms or other common amplitude quantier of leakage current when the leakage current is of complex waveform or frequency other than 50 or 60 Hz.) 3.8 REACTION CURRENT A threshold current value, above which a substantial portion of the population may be caused to react involuntarily to the sensation

27、 of current. 3.9 SHEATHED HEATING EQUIPMENT LEAKAGE CURRENT Current through insulating material (normally MgO) between the current-carrying conductor and the metallic sheath. PERFORMANCE 4 Leakage Current Limits 4.1 General 4.1.1 When measured in accordance with the test method covered in this stand

28、ard, the measurement indication shall not exceed the values shown in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 Maximum allowable measurement instrument indication based on reaction Type of appliance Indication in MIU (for a 60 Hz sine wave leakage current, the values are approximately milliamperes, rms) Two-wire cord- a

29、nd plug-connected appliance 0.50 MIU Three-wire (including grounding conductor) cord- and plug- connected portable appliance 0.50 MIU Three-wire (including grounding conductor) cord- and plug- connected stationary or xed appliance 0.75 MIU 4.1.2 In addition to the limits in Table 4.1, to avoid undue

30、 risks of severe body tissue burns, the leakage current shall be not greater than 70 mA rms, measured as V2 (volts rms) divided by 0.5 (kilohms), using the measuring instrument of Figure 5.3 with the frequency-sensitive network disconnected. (See Appendix B for the performance specications of the mo

31、died measuring instrument). Because in the low frequency range, the maximum allowable current based on reaction is less than the maximum allowable current based on body tissue burn, the burn current limit generally applies only when high frequencies are involved. JULY 31, 2017 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR AP

32、PLIANCES - UL 101 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Exception No. 1: For appliances having metal-sheathed heating elements for which the operating conditions and present technology does not permit compliance with the limits in

33、 Table 4.1 during heat-up and cool-down, the maximum allowable indication of the measurement instrument for periods not exceeding 5 minutes during heat-up and not exceeding 5 minutes during cool-down is 2.5 MIU. For other periods of operation, the leakage current shall be within the limits specied i

34、n Table 4.1. (See 5.4.12 and 5.4.13.) Exception No. 2: Those conductive parts of an appliance that comply with all of the specications in Items (a) through (e) below may be permitted by the product standard to have a leakage current from simultaneously accessible parts to the grounded supply conduct

35、or higher than specied in Table 4.1, but in no case shall the leakage current be greater than 3.5 MIU. The leakage current between simultaneously accessible parts shall not exceed the values shown in Table 4.1. (See 5.4.2.) a) The product requires EMI suppression ltering for compliance with FCC regu

36、lations. (See A3.1.) b) The product is equipped with a grounding-type supply cord and plug. c) There is a low probability that a path for available current through the body will exist in the expected environment. If the available current ows to ground, this will involve consideration of the probabil

37、ity that the user will be grounded during the use of the product. d) There is a low probability that high leakage conductive parts will be contacted during normal use, as dened in the product standard. e) The probability of injury resulting from an involuntary reaction is small. (See Rationale.) Exc

38、eption No. 3: For an appliance that upon loss-of-grounding, dependably disconnects all sources that can produce leakage current, the leakage current, when measured in accordance with the test method covered in this standard, shall not exceed 5 MIU with the grounding conductor open and with the loss-

39、of-grounding circuit disabled. (See A5.) The leakage current, when measured in accordance with the test method covered in this standard, except that the equipment grounding conductor is connected to the grounded supply conductor at the receptacle feeding the appliance, shall not be more than the val

40、ues shown in Table 4.1. This measurement will typically not involve current between accessible parts and the grounded supply conductor, but will involve currents that may ow from one part of the appliance to another. JULY 31, 2017 LEAKAGE CURRENT FOR APPLIANCES - UL 101 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT

41、AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4.2 Departure from leakage current limits 4.2.1 Leakage currents for certain additional tests (see A1.4) that do not represent normal use (but may reect some degree of abuse or certain failure modes) and exceeding the lim

42、its stated above, but not exceeding 5 MIU at 50 60 Hz (see A5.2) may appear in individual product standards. If so they should appear with a statement justifying them. 5 Test Method and Instrumentation for Measurement of Leakage Current 5.1 General 5.1.1 This test provides a measurement of leakage c

43、urrent from appliances. 5.2 Characteristics of measurement circuit and measurement instrument 5.2.1 Measurement circuit The measurement circuits for leakage current shall be as shown in Figure 5.1 and Figure 5.2. 5.2.2 Measurement instrument The measurement instrument is dened in items 5.2.3 5.2.6.

44、The instrument that is actually used for measurement need only indicate the same numerical value (see also B1.3) for the particular measurement as would the dened instrument. The instrument used need not have all the attributes of the dened instrument. The measurement instrument is only to be used w

45、here the current limit is not greater that 5 MIU for nominal 50 or 60 Hz sinusoidal currents, or not greater that 2 MIU for any higher frequencies. Above these values, an instrument designed to respond to the physiological effect of let-go is applicable. 5.2.3 Over the frequency range 20 Hz to 1 MHz

46、 with sinusoidal currents, the performance of the instrument shall be as specied in 5.2.4 5.2.5. 5.2.4 The measured ratio V1/I1 with sinusoidal voltages is to be as close as feasible to the ratio V1/I1 calculated with the resistance and capacitance values of the measurement instrument shown in Figur

47、e 5.3. (See Appendix B.) 5.2.5 The measured ratio V3/I1 with sinusoidal voltages is to be as close as feasible to the ratio V3/I1 calculated with the resistance and capacitance values of the measurement instrument shown in Figure 5.3. (See Appendix B.) V3 is to be measured by the meter M in the meas

48、uring instrument. If meter M has been calibrated to indicate directly in MIU, the indication of the meter is to be divided by 2 to obtain rms volts. 5.2.6 The meter M in the measurement instrument shall indicate, in MIU, 2.0 times the effective value (rms) of the voltage applied to it. (See A6.) The

49、 following shall be considered in the determination of the MIU: a) The frequency response of the frequency sensitive network of the measurement instrument as dened here approximates the inverse of the experimentally determined 50 percentile threshold of perception curve for hand holding a small wire normalized to 0.5 milliampere at 60 Hz. b) Under some circumstances where higher frequency components are present, shielding of the measurement instrument and its leads may be neces