SMPTE ST 296-2012 1280 720 Progressive Image 4 2 2 and 4 4 4 Sample Structure - Analog and Digital Representation and Analog Interface.pdf

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1、 Page 1 of 24 pages SMPTE ST 296:2012Revision of SMPTE ST 296:2011 SMPTE STANDARD 1280 720 Progressive Image 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 Sample Structure Analog and Digital Representation and Analog Interface Table of Contents Page Foreword . 2 Intellectual Property 2 1 Scope 3 2 Conformance Notation 3 3 Normat

2、ive References 4 4 General. 4 5 Image (Raster) Structure . 5 6 Timing 6 7 System Colorimetry 6 8 Digital Representation. 7 9 Digital Timing Reference Sequences (SAV, EAV) 12 10 Ancillary Data 13 11 Bit-Parallel Interface 13 12 Analog Sync 14 13 Analog Interface18 Annex A Bibliography (Informative) .

3、 19 Annex B Production Aperture (informative) . 20 B.1 Production Aperture. 20 B.2 Analog Blanking Tolerance 20 B.3 Transient Regions 20 B.4 Clean Aperture. 21 Annex C Pre- and Post-Filtering Characteristics (Informative) 22 Annex D Frame Switching for 50-Hz and 60(/1.001)-Hz Progressive Digital Vid

4、eo Signals (Informative) 24 Copyright 2012 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue., White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved April 18, 2012 SMPTE ST 296:2012 Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recogni

5、zed standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six continents. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices, and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Com

6、mittees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developing organizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Admini

7、strative Practices. SMPTE ST 296 was prepared by Technology Committee 10E. Intellectual Property At the time of publication no notice had been received by SMPTE claiming patent rights essential to the implementation of this Standard. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the el

8、ements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Page 2 of 24 pages SMPTE ST 296:2012 1 Scope This standard defines a family of progressive image sampling systems for the representation of stationary or mo

9、ving two-dimensional images sampled temporally at a constant frame rate and having an image format of 1280 pixels by 720 lines and an aspect ratio of 16:9 as given in Table 1. All systems in the table have the common characteristic that all the samples gathered within a single temporal unit, a frame

10、, shall be spatially contiguous and provide a complete description of that frame (section 6). This standard specifies: R G B color encoding; R G B analog and digital representation; Y PB PRcolor encoding, analog representation, and analog interface; and Y CB CRcolor encoding and digital representati

11、on. A bit-parallel digital interface is incorporated by reference in Section 11. This standard specifies multiple frame rates (Table 1) in 8-bit and 10-bit systems. It is not necessary for an implementation to support all formats to be compliant with this standard. However, an implementation must st

12、ate which of the system formats are supported. Table 1 Image sampling systems Y, R, G, B, samples per active line (S/AL) CBor CBRsamples per active line (S/AL) Y, R, G, B, CBand CBRsamples per active line (S/AL) 4:2:2 4:4:4 Active lines per frame (AL/F)Frame rate (Hz) Y, R, G, B, sampling frequency

13、fs (MHz) Total lines per frame (TL/Fr) 1 1280x720/60 1280 640 1280 720 60 74.25 750 2 1280x720/59.94 1280 640 1280 720 60/1.001 74.25/1.001 750 3 1280x720/50 1280 640 1280 720 50 74.25 750 4 1280x720/30 1280 640 1280 720 30 74.25 750 5 1280x720/29.97 1280 640 1280 720 30/1.001 74.25/1.001 750 6 1280

14、x720/25 1280 640 1280 720 25 74.25 750 7 1280x720/24 1280 640 1280 720 24 74.25 750 8 1280x720/23.98 1280 640 1280 720 24/1.001 74.25/1.001 750 Note: For systems 4 through 8, analog video interface is not preferred. See Section 13. 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes element

15、s of the design that are indispensable or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, changed, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informativ

16、e text does not contain any conformance keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note:” Page 3 of 24 pages SMPTE ST 296:2012 The keywords “shall“ and “shall not“

17、indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that

18、 a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document. The keyword “r

19、eserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. Unless otherwise specified, the order of precedence of

20、the types of normative information in this document shall be as follows: Normative prose shall be the authoritative definition; tables shall be next; followed by formal languages; then figures; and then any other language forms. 3 Normative References Note: All references in this document to other S

21、MPTE documents may use the current numbering style (e.g. SMPTE ST 274:2008) although, during a transitional phase, the document as published (printed or PDF) may bear an older designation (such as SMPTE 274M-2008). Documents with the same root number (e.g. 274) and publication year (e.g. 2008) are f

22、unctionally identical. The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are

23、encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. SMPTE ST 274:2008, Television 1920 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates SMPTE ST 291:2011, Ancillary Data P

24、acket and Space Formatting SMPTE RP 160:1997, Three-Channel Parallel Analog Component High-Definition Video lnterface SMPTE RP 177:1993 (R2002), Derivation of Basic Television Color Equations CIE Publication 15.2:2004, Colorimetry, Third Edition IEC 61169-8 (2007-02), Radio Frequency Connectors, Par

25、t 8: Sectional Specification R.F. Coaxial Connectors with Inner Diameter of Outer Conductor 6,5 mm (0,256 in) with Bayonet Lock Characteristics Impedance 50 Ohm (Type BNC), Annex A (Normative) Information for Interface Dimensions of 75 Ohm Characteristic Impedance Connector with Unspecified Reflecti

26、on Factor Recommendation ITU-R.BT 709-5 (2002), Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and International Programme Exchange 4 General The specification of a system claiming compliance with this standard shall state: which of the systems of Table 1 are implemented; Page 4 of 24 pages

27、SMPTE ST 296:2012 which of the analog R G B or Y PB PRand/or which of the digital R G B or Y CB CRinterfaces are implemented; and whether the digital representation employs eight bits or 10 bits per sample in its uniformly quantized (linear) PCM coding; whether the digital presentation employs 4:2:2

28、 or 4:4:4 sampling. Digital codeword values in this standard are expressed as decimal values in the 10-bit representation. An eight-bit system shall either round or truncate to the most significant eight bits as specified in Section 8. 5 Image (Raster) Structure The 1280x720 image structure defined

29、in this standard shall be mapped onto an interface that contains 750 total lines as shown in Figures 1 and 3. The Interface sampling frequency shall be maintained to a tolerance of 10 ppm. In a system according to this standard, each frame shall comprise 750 lines including: Vertical blanking: lines

30、 1 through 25 inclusive (including vertical sync lines 1 through 5 inclusive) and lines 746 and 750 inclusive; Note: For details of vertical timing digital or analog representation see Figures 1 and 3 Image structure: 720 lines, lines 26 through 745 inclusive. Ancillary data may be conveyed during v

31、ertical blanking, lines 1 through 25 inclusive. The portion within each of these lines that may be used for ancillary data is defined in Section 10. Ancillary signals shall not convey picture information although they may be employed to convey other related or unrelated signals, coded similarly to p

32、icture information. Ancillary data per SMPTE ST 291 is preferred for fully digital systems. Further specification of ancillary signals is outside the scope of this standard. During time intervals not otherwise used, the R G B or Y PB PR(which become Y CB CRin digital representation shown of Section

33、8) components shall have a blanking level corresponding to zero. The production aperture defines a region 1280 samples by 720 lines. The horizontal extent of the production aperture shall have the 50% point of its leading transition at reference luma sample 0 and the 50% point of its trailing transi

34、tion at luma sample 1279. The production aperture defines the maximum extent of picture information. For further information, consult Annex B. The aspect ratio of the image represented by the production aperture shall be 16:9. The sample aspect ratio is 1:1 (square pixels). The center of the picture

35、 shall be located at the center of the production aperture, midway between samples 639 and 640, and midway between lines 385 and 386. Each edge of the picture width, measured at the 50% amplitude point, shall lie within six reference clock intervals of the production aperture. Page 5 of 24 pages SMP

36、TE ST 296:2012 6 Timing Timing shall be based on a reference clock of the sampling frequency indicated in Table 1, which shall be maintained to a tolerance of 10 ppm. A frame shall comprise the indicated total lines per frame, each line of equal duration as determined by the sampling frequency (fs)

37、and the samples per total line (S/TL). Samples may be obtained in an optoelectronic conversion process sequentially, simultaneously, or via a combination of both, provided all samples in the frame are contiguous in the image and obtained within the same temporal frame period. The samples within each

38、 line shall be uniformly delivered to and collected from the interface in a spatially left-to-right sequence; lines in a frame shall be uniformly delivered to and collected from the interface in a spatially top-to-bottom sequence. Lines are numbered in time sequence according to the raster structure

39、 described in Section 5. Timing instants in each line shall be defined with respect to a horizontal datum denoted by 0Hwhich is established by horizontal synchronizing (sync) information in sections 9 and 12. Each line shall be divided into a number of reference clock intervals, of equal duration, a

40、s specified by the column S/TL in Table 1. The time between any two adjacent Y, R, G or B sample instants is called the reference clock interval T where T = 1/fs. 7 System Colorimetry Equipment shall be designed in accordance with the colorimetric analysis and optoelectronic transfer function define

41、d in this section. This corresponds to ITU-R BT.709. Picture information shall be linearly represented by red, green, and blue tri-stimulus values (RGB), lying in the range 0 (reference black) to 1 (reference white), whose colorimetric attributes are based upon reference primaries with the following

42、 chromaticity coordinates, in conformance with ITU-R BT.709, and whose white reference conforms to CIE D65 as defined by CIE 15.2: Red primary Green primary Blue primary Reference white CIE x 0.640 0.300 0.150 0.3127 CIE y 0.330 0.600 0.060 0.3290 From the red, green, and blue tri-stimulus values, t

43、hree nonlinear primary components, R G and B shall be computed according to the optoelectronic transfer function of ITU-R BT.709, where L denotes a tri-stimulus value and V denotes a nonlinear primary signal: V = 4.5L, 1.099L 0.45 0.099, 0 L 0.018 0.018 L 1.0 To ensure the proper interchange of pict

44、ure information between analog and digital representations, signal levels shall be completely contained in the range specified between reference black and reference white specified in section 8 and 13 except for overshoots and undershoots due to processing. The Y component shall be computed as a wei

45、ghted sum of nonlinear R G B primary components, using coefficients calculated from the reference primaries according to the method of SMPTE RP 177: Y = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B Page 6 of 24 pages SMPTE ST 296:2012 Note: Because the Y component is computed from nonlinear R G B primary components

46、rather than from the linear tri-stimulus RGB values, it does not represent the true luminance value of the signal, but only an approximation. To distinguish it from luminance, the term luma is used for the Y signal. Color-difference component signals PBand PBR, having the same excursion as the Y com

47、ponent shall be computed as follows: 0.5 PB= (B Y ) 1 0.0722 0.5 PR= (R Y ) 1 0.2126 PBand PBRare filtered and may be coded as CBB and CRcomponents for digital transmission in case of 4:2:2 sampling. Example filter templates are given in Figure C.2. 8 Digital Representation Digital representation sh

48、all employ either R G B or Y CB CRcomponents, as defined in Section 5 or Section 7, uniformly sampled. Each component is prepared as an individual channel. Combinations of channels may be presented to an appropriate interface for signal interchange. Note: For example, the Y channel and the multiplex

49、ed CB/CRchannel data together comprise a source format for the serial interface specified in SMPTE ST 292-1. The digital signals described here are assumed to have been filtered to reduce or prevent aliasing upon sampling. For information regarding filtering, consult Annex C. The characteristics of the digital signals are based on the assumption that the location of any required sin (