SANS 3534-2-2007 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols Part 2 Applied statistics《统计学 词汇和符号 第2部分 应用统计学》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-19699-8 SANS 3534-2:2007Edition 2ISO 3534-2:2006Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied

4、 statistics This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 3534-2:2006 and is adopted with the permission of International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1

5、568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 3534-2:2007 Edition 2 ISO 3534-2:2006 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 169, Applications of statistical methods, in a

6、ccordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This part of SANS 3534 was published in August 2007. This SANS document supersedes SANS 3534-2:2004 (edition 1). Reference numberNumro de rfrenceISO 3534-2:2006(E/F)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDAR

7、D NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO3534-2Second editionDeuxime dition2006-09-15Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 2: Statistique applique SANS 3534-2:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing c

8、lients of the SABS .ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching manuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for

9、 such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publications offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no

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21、ecrtariat central ladresse donne ci-dessous. SANS 3534-2:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiContents Page Foreword. v Scope 1 1 Data generation and colle

22、ction . 2 1.1 Systems of reference values for characteristics. 2 1.2 Sources of data . 5 1.3 Types of sampling. 12 2 Statistical process management. 18 2.1 General process related concepts. 18 2.2 Variation-related concepts 20 2.3 Control-related charts 23 2.4 Control chart components. 29 2.5 Fundam

23、ental terms related to process performance and process capability . 33 2.6 Process performance measured data 39 2.7 Process capability measured data. 43 3 Specifications, values and test results 48 3.1 Specification-related concepts . 48 3.2 Determination of characteristics and quantities. 51 3.3 Pr

24、operties of test and measurement methods 54 3.4 Properties of test and measurement results . 59 3.5 Capability of detection . 61 4 Inspection and general acceptance sampling 64 4.1 Types of inspection 64 4.2 Types of acceptance sampling inspection 67 4.3 Acceptance sampling inspection system aspects

25、 70 4.4 Acceptance criteria 72 4.5 Types of operating characteristic curves 75 4.6 Terms relating to operating characteristics 76 4.7 Outgoing quality concepts and average inspection effort. 80 5 Sampling of bulk materials 82 5.1 Concepts related to bulk materials. 82 5.2 Bulk sampling aspects. 83 5

26、.3 Bulk sample preparation 86 5.4 Procedural aspects 88 Annex A (normative) Symbols and abbreviated terms 90 Annex B (informative) Methodology used to develop the vocabulary 93 Bibliography . 116 Symbols list 118 Alphabetical index . 119 French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique). 122 SANS 3534-2

27、:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodie

28、s (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,

29、 governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO

30、/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the m

31、ember bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3534-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications o

32、f statistical methods, Subcommittee SC 1, Terminology and symbols. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3534-2:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistics Vocabulary and symbols: Part 1: General st

33、atistical terms and terms used in probability Part 2: Applied statistics Part 3: Design of experiments SANS 3534-2:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 A

34、ll rights reserved/Tous droits rservs 1Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 2: Statistique applique Scope Domaine dapplication This part of ISO 3534 defines applied statisticsterms, and expresses them in a conceptualframework in acco

35、rdance with ISO normativeterminology practice. Term entries are arrangedthematically. An alphabetical index is provided.Standardized symbols and abbreviations aredefined. It has been recognized that the acceptance ofapplied statistics as a means to improving theeffectiveness and efficiency of organi

36、zations hasbeen hampered by the complexity and confusionintroduced by conflicting designation and usage ofterms, definitions, abbreviations and symbols. The two principal purposes of this part of ISO 3534 are, specifically, to establish a common vocabularyfor use throughout ISO/TC 69 standards, toge

37、therwith the broader intent to enhance the preciseness,clarity and cohesiveness in the usage/application ofapplied statistics generally. The mathematical levelhas deliberately been kept to a low level in order forthe content to be made readily comprehensible tothe widest possible readership. ISO 353

38、4-1 and ISO 3534-2 are intended to becompatible. However, ISO 3534-1, on terms used inprobability and statistics, is foundational; so, bynecessity, it is presented at a more sophisticatedmathematical level than ISO 3534-2. As users of thispart of ISO 3534 on applied statistics mayoccasionally consul

39、t ISO 3534-1 for certain terms,copious notes and examples in ISO 3534-1 follow selected terms providing colloquial explanations offormal terms. La prsente partie de lISO 3534 dfinit les termes relatifs la statistique applique et les prsente dans un cadre conceptuel conforme la pratique normative en

40、terminologie de lISO. Les entres terminologiques sont disposes de faon thmatique. Un index alphabtique est fourni. Les symboles et abrviations normaliss sont dfinis. Il est reconnu que lacceptation des statistiques appliques comme un moyen damliorer lefficacit et lefficience des organismes est entra

41、ve par la complexit et la confusion engendre par les erreurs de dsignation et dutilisation des termes, dfinitions, abrviations et symboles. Les deux principaux objectifs de la prsente partie de lISO 3534 sont, plus particulirement, dtablir un vocabulaire commun lensemble des normes de lISO/TC 69, ai

42、nsi que, plus largement, damliorer la prcision, la clart et la cohrence de lutilisation/lapplication gnrale des statistiques appliques. Le niveau mathmatique est dlibrment dun niveau faible afin que le contenu soit comprhensible par la plus grande majorit deslecteurs. LISO 3534-1 et lISO 3534-2 sont

43、 destines tre compatibles. Nanmoins, lISO 3534-1, qui traite des termes utiliss dans le domaine des probabilits et des statistiques, est fondamentale et se prsente de ce fait un niveau mathmatique plus sophistiqu que lISO 3534-2. Les utilisateurs de la prsente partie de lISO 3534 relative la statist

44、ique applique pouvant avoir consulter lISO 3534-1 pour certains termes, les nombreux exemples et notes qui suivent des termes slectionns de la partie 1 fournissent des explications plus familires aux dfinitions formelles. SANS 3534-2:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscr

45、iption and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-2:2006(E/F) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs1 Data generation and collection 1 Gnration et recueil de donnes 1.1 Systems of reference values for characteristics 1.1 Systmes de valeurs de rfrence pour les caractristiques 1.1.1 char

46、acteristic distinguishing feature NOTE 1 A characteristic can be inherent or assigned. NOTE 2 A characteristic can be qualitative orquantitative. NOTE 3 There are various classes of characteristics,such as the following: physical (e.g. mechanical, electrical, chemical,biological); sensory (e.g. rela

47、ting to smell, touch, taste, sight,hearing); behavioural (e.g. courtesy, honesty, veracity); temporal (e.g. punctuality, reliability, availability); ergonomic (e.g. physiological characteristic or relatedto human safety); functional (e.g. maximum speed of an aircraft). ISO 9000:2005, 3.5.1 1.1.1 car

48、actristique trait distinctif NOTE 1 Une caractristique peut tre intrinsque ou assigne. NOTE 2 Une caractristique peut tre qualitative ou quantitative. NOTE 3 Il existe diffrents types de caractristiques, telles que: physiques (par exemple mcaniques, lectriques, chimiques, biologiques); sensorielles (par exemple odeur, toucher, got, aspect visuel, sonorit); comportementales (par exemple courtoisie, honntet, vracit); temporelles (par exemple ponctualit, fiabilit, disponibilit); ergonomiques (par exemple caractristique physiologique ou relative la scurit des personnes);