SANS 2788-2005 Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri《文献 单语词表的建立及编制指南》.pdf
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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 01.140.20 ISBN 0-626-17255-1 SANS 2788:2005Edition 1ISO 2788:1986Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Documentation Guidelines for the establishm
4、ent and development of monolingual thesauri This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2788:1986 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 000
5、1 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 2788:2005 Edition 1 ISO 2788:1986 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract The recommendations are intended to ensure consistent practice within a single indexing agency, or
6、between different agencies (for example members of a network). The techniques described in this national standard are not limited to a particular method of indexing, whether post-coordinate or pre-coordinate, however certain restrictions apply, for example, it is generally based on the concept of “p
7、referred terms” (see 3.5). The recommendations relate to monolingual thesauri, without reference to the special requirements of multilingual thesauri. Keywords definitions, documentations, guidelines, information retrieval, library, library and information science, management, policy, preparation, r
8、ules, specification (approval), specifications, subject indexing, thesauri. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 46, Information and documentation, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT
9、 agreement. iz CD 8 International Standard 2788 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATlON.MEYHAPOLIHAR OPrAHM3ALlMfl IlO CTAHPTl43AVlWORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Documentation - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri Documentation - Principes d
10、kecteurs pour l%tablrssement et le ddveloppement de thesaurus monofingues Second edition - 1986-11-15 UDC 025.48 Ref. No. IS0 27884986 (E) Descriptors : documentation, subject indexing, information retrieval, thesauri, monolingual thesauri, preparation, rules (instructions). I 88 b) selecting the te
11、rms which together summarize the sub- ject; c) indicating relationships between the concepts represented by these terms. 1) The first of these tasks is described separately in IS0 5963. The second and third tasks concern not only the indexer but also the user of the index. This International Standar
12、d deals with some aspects of term selection, since it contains recommended procedures for vocabulary control, but it is particularly con- cerned with means for establishing and displaying certain kinds of relationships between indexing terms. Two kinds of inter-term relationships can be distinguishe
13、d: a) syntactical or a posteriori relationships between the terms which together summarize the subject of a docu- ment. For example, an indexer dealing with a work on “Computers in banks in Amsterdam” may assign three terms, “Banks”, “Computers” and “Amsterdam”, to the document. In a post-coordinate
14、 system the relationship be- tween these terms is not explicitly indicated, and the docu- ment would be retrieved if any or all of these terms were used as retrieval keys. In a pre-coordinated index the rela- tionships between the terms may be conveyed in various ways, for example by symbols which e
15、xpress specific rela- tionships, the positions of terms within entries, their typography and/or their accompanying punctuation. The terms in this example are not normally associated according to common frames of reference, and their interrelationships can therefore be regarded as document-dependent;
16、 b) those a priori or thesaural relationships between terms assigned to documents and other terms which, because they form part of common and shared frames of reference, are present by implication. In the example above, “Banks” would imply a broader term such as “Financial institutions”; “Computers”
17、 is mentally associated with “Data processing”; and “Amsterdam” implies the wider location “Netherlands”. Any. of these mentally-associated terms might serve as a users approach to the subject index. These relationships are document-independent, since they are generally recognized and could be estab
18、lished through reference to standard works, such as dictionaries and encyclopaedias. The distinction between these two kinds of inter-term relation- ships can be displayed as follows: Netherlands Financial institutions Data processing B Amsterdam Banks Computers j 0 A = a posteriori relationships be
19、tween indexing terms assigned to a document 0 B = a priori relationships handled by the thesaurus This International Standard is especially concerned with those a priori relationships which can be displayed in a thesaurus, where they then, in effect, add a second dimension to an index- ing language,
20、 as shown above. 1 Scope and field of application 1 .l The recommendations set out in this International Stan- dard are intended to ensure consistent practice within a single indexing agency, or between different agencies (for example members of a network). They should not be regarded, however, as m
21、andatory instructions. Optional procedures are described in many cases, for example for the display of inter- term relationships, without indicating one of these approaches as the preferred technique. The choice of procedure will vary from one indexing agency to another, depending on manage- ment de
22、cisions that fall outside the scope of this International 1) For practical purposes, “term” and “concept” are sometimes used interchangeably. IS0 2788-1986 (El Standard. As far as possible the techniques described in this In- ternational Standard are based upon general principles which apply to any
23、subject field. It is recognized, however, that an in- dexer working within a limited subject field may sometimes need to depart from these general recommendations, and this is noted where appropriate. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 1.2
24、 As far as possible the techniques described in this Inter- national Standard are not limited to a particular method of in- dexing, whether post-coordinate or pre-coordinate. This lnter- national Standard is, however, subject to the following restric- tions : 3.1 document: Any item, printed or othew
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