SANS 10968-2008 Earth-moving machinery - Operator-s controls《土方机械 操作员控制》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21835-5 SANS 10968:2008Edition 2ISO 10968:2004Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Earth-moving machinery Operators controls This nati

4、onal standard is the identical implementation of ISO 10968:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs

5、.co.za SABS SANS 10968:2008 Edition 2 ISO 10968:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 1034, Agricultural, earth-moving, forestry and construction equipment and machinery, in accordance with proce

6、dures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in August 2008. This SANS document supersedes SANS 10968:2003 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 10968:2004(E)ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO10968Second edition2004-10-15Earth

7、-moving machinery Operators controls Engins de terrassement Commandes de loprateur SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance wit

8、h Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing p

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10、y care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicatio

11、n may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20

12、Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedSANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights

13、reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Control location. 3 5 Movement of controls. 4 6 Control-actuating forces 5 Annex A (normative) Earth-moving machinery Primary common controls for base machine 7 Annex B (normative) Earth-moving ma

14、chinery Primary equipment controls . 10 SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federatio

15、n of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

16、 International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance wi

17、th the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appro

18、val by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10968 was prepared by Technical Committ

19、ee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety requirements and human factors. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10968:1995), which has been technically revised. SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr

20、eemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10968:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Earth-moving machinery Operators controls 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and guidelines for the operators primary controls on earth-moving machinery (as defined in ISO 61

21、65) in as far as those controls relate to the ride-on operator (for remote operator-controlled machines, see ISO 15817). Its provisions for finger-, hand- and foot-operated controls are not intended to prevent usage of other types of controls, control locations or control movements. Nevertheless, it

22、 does recommend that the general requirements and principles of arrangement be followed for those others, taking into account operator safety and ergonomics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only t

23、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3411, Earth-moving machinery Human physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope ISO 3450, Earth-moving machinery Braking systems of rubber-t

24、yred machines Systems and performance requirements and test procedures ISO 5010, Earth-moving machinery Rubber-tyred machines Steering requirements ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Vocabulary ISO 6405-1, Earth-moving machinery Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 1: Comm

25、on symbols ISO 6405-2, Earth-moving machinery Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 2: Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery Zones of comfort and reach for controls ISO 10264, Earth-moving machinery Key-locked starting systems ISO 1

26、0265, Earth-moving machinery Crawler machines Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems ISO 13766, Earth-moving machinery Electromagnetic compatibility ISO 15817, Earth-moving machinery Safety requirements for remote operator control1)ISO 15998, Earth-moving machinery Machine-

27、control systems (MCS) using electronic components Performance criteria and tests1) 1) To be published. SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For

28、the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 primary control control that is used frequently or continuously by the operator (see ISO 6682) NOTE The primary controls are the following. a) For the base machine: 1) steering; 2) clutch or inch pedal; 3) gear selection;

29、4) speed; 5) travel direction; 6) brakes; 7) rotary/slewing motion. b) For equipment: 1) raising/lowering operations (e.g. loader arm, dozer equipment, excavator boom, side boom winch, rope excavator winch); 2) boom extending, retracting or articulating operations; 3) backward-/forward motion (e.g.

30、backhoe-arm); 4) attachment operations (e.g. bucket, attachment bracket shovel, clamshell, forges, dump body); 5) rotary/slewing operations. 3.2 secondary control control that is infrequently used by the operator but is needed for the proper functioning of the machine (e.g. control for parking brake

31、, for lighting) 3.3 machine response movement of base machine or equipment or attachment in response to activation of a control EXAMPLE Raising of the bucket when the bucket lift control is moved to the raise position, closing of a clamshell when the clamshell close control is moved to the close pos

32、ition. 3.4 control actuating force force exerted at the centre of the control contact surface, in the direction of movement of the surface, in order to achieve a control function NOTE This force does not necessarily represent the force typically applied by the operator. SANS 10968:2008This s tandard

33、 may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 33.5 remote operator control operation of an earth-moving machine by an operator at a distance from the machine by means of wired control or wireless control, in

34、cluding the control of an autonomous machine when operating in remote-control mode 4 Control location 4.1 Control locations The location of controls shall be in accordance with ISO 3411 and should also take into account the guidelines given in ISO 6682. 4.2 Distance between primary controls 4.2.1 Th

35、e distance between adjacent controls and between controls and other machine parts shall be sufficient to allow operation without unintentional activation of adjacent controls. The overlapping of controls is permissible to provide independent and simultaneous control application. 4.2.2 The distance b

36、etween finger, hand- and foot-operated controls, or between those types of controls and any adjacent parts, shall be as follows. NOTE The distance between two adjacent finger-operated controls is related to the width of the controls. Therefore, a distance between the centre lines of two adjacent con

37、trols is specified, depending on whether a device is located between two controls. For finger-operated controls, the distance between the centre lines of two adjacent controls (excluding key or touch pads intended for fingertip activation): 1) 25 mm, without divider; 2) 18 mm, with divider. For hand

38、-operated (with fingers around the control): 40 mm. For foot-operated controls: 50 mm. 4.2.3 If two adjacent finger-, hand- or foot-operated controls are intended to be used simultaneously, a smaller distance is acceptable. The location of secondary controls should follow the same principle. 4.3 Mea

39、sures against movement or damage by external forces Controls, control linkage and their power supply shall be arranged such that they cannot be damaged or moved into an undesirable position by foreseeable external forces, e.g. hand or foot force or shaking (vibration) of the machine. 4.4 Non-slip pe

40、dals The surface of pedals shall be slip-resistant. SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reserved5 Movement of controls 5.1 General 5.1.1 The movement of the controls in relati

41、on to their neutral position shall be in the same general direction as the machine response, unless the combining of controls or customary usage dictates otherwise (e.g. driving control of machines where the operators position is located on a slewable part of the machine, such as the upper structure

42、 of an excavator). 5.1.2 If a machine is equipped with an alternative operators position, with duplicated control arrangements, both sets of controls shall operate in the same manner. When one set of controls is active, the other set shall be inactive. The active set shall be clearly identified with

43、 a visual indicator. Machines shall maintain the same correspondence between action on steering controls and direction of travel, whatever the position of the reversible drive. 5.1.3 All controls shall return to their neutral position when the operator releases the control, unless the control has a

44、detent or hold position or continuously activated position. 5.1.4 There shall be no hazardous movement during or following start-up or stoppage of the power supply or engine. Starting systems shall be in accordance with ISO 10264. 5.1.5 If control signals are electrically transmitted, the control sy

45、stem shall be in accordance with ISO 13766 and ISO 15998. 5.1.6 The controls shall be so arranged or deactivated or guarded that they cannot be activated unintentionally in particular when the operator is getting into or out of the operators station according to the manufacturers instructions. 5.1.7

46、 The type, location and method of operation of typical primary controls are specified in Annex A for the base machine and in Annex B for equipment. Controls for equipment not otherwise specified (e.g. on the backhoe portion of a backhoe loader) should follow the same principles as given by Annex B.

47、5.1.8 The identification symbols shall be on the controls or next to them. If space limitations dictate, a diagram showing the primary controls is acceptable: it shall be easily visible to the operator. Graphical symbols shall be in accordance with ISO 6405-1 and ISO 6405-2. 5.2 Multifunctional cont

48、rols 5.2.1 General In the case of a multifunctional control used to control the operations of the base machine and/or equipment or attachments, the following applies in addition to 5.1. 5.2.2 Basic movement of multifunctional controls The basic movements of multifunctional controls consist of the fo

49、llowing control movements (or combination of them): to the front/rear; to the left/right; slewing/rotation(e.g. gear selection up and down); upward/downward (lifting/lowering). SANS 10968:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 10968:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5The combined movement of operational functions (e.g. to front left or to front right, to rear left or to rear right) is permitted. See