SANS 10746-1-2003 Information technology - Open distributed processing - Reference model Overview《信息技术 开放分布式处理 参考模型 概述》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 35.100.01 ISBN 0-626-14686-0 SANS 10746-1:2003 Edition 1 ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998 Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information technology Open d

4、istributed processing Reference model: Overview This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by Standards South Afri

5、ca 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa 2003 SANS 10746-1:2003 Edition 1 ISO/IEC 10746-1:1998 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South Af

6、rican standard was approved by National Committee STANSA SC 71C, ICT software and systems engineering, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. B CReference numberISO/IEC 10746-1:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC10746-1First edit

7、ion1998-12-15Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Reference model: OverviewTechnologies de linformation Traitement rparti ouvert Modle derfrence: PrsentationISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E) ISO/IEC 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reprodu

8、ced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandPrinted in SwitzerlandiiContentsPage1 Scope and field of application 12 No

9、rmative references 12.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards . 12.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content . 22.3 International Standards 23 Definitions 23.1 Definitions in this Recommendation | International Standard 23.2 Definitions from oth

10、er Recommendations | International Standards . 24 Abbreviations 65 Conventions 76 ODP standardization. 76.1 Objectives and motivation. 76.2 Realization. 86.2.1 Object modelling . 86.2.2 Viewpoint specifications .96.2.3 Distribution transparency. 96.2.4 Conformance . 96.3 Standards . 106.3.1 The Refe

11、rence Model 106.3.2 Specific standards 107 Foundations 107.1 Basic modelling concepts 117.1.1 Objects. 117.1.2 Interfaces and interaction points 117.1.3 Behaviour and state . 127.2 Specification concepts. 127.2.1 Composition/Decomposition . 127.2.2 Behavioural compatibility . 137.2.3 Type and class

12、. 137.2.4 Templates 137.2.5 Roles 137.2.6 Base classes and derived classes 147.3 Structuring concepts 147.3.1 Groups and domains 147.3.2 Naming 147.3.3 Contract . 147.3.4 Liaison and binding . 158 Architecture 158.1 Architectural framework 158.1.1 Viewpoints. 158.1.2 Distribution transparencies 168.

13、2 Enterprise language . 17 ISO/IECISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E)iii8.3 Information language. 198.4 Computational language 208.4.1 Computational interfaces.218.4.2 Binding model . 218.4.3 Typing and subtyping for computational interfaces. 238.4.4 Portability 248.5 Engineering language 248.5.1 Clusters, c

14、apsules and nodes 258.5.2 Channels 258.5.3 Interface references . 288.5.4 Binding 298.5.5 Channel establishment . 298.5.6 Management interfaces308.5.7 Interceptors 308.5.8 Conformance points. 328.6 Technology language. 328.7 Consistency between viewpoints . 328.7.1 Enterprise viewpoint consistency w

15、ith other viewpoints . 348.7.2 Correspondences between computational and engineering specifications. 358.8 ODP functions . 378.8.1 Management functions.388.8.2 Coordination functions 388.8.3 Repository functions 398.8.4 Security functions 398.9 ODP distribution transparencies 408.9.1 Access transpar

16、ency 408.9.2 Failure transparency 408.9.3 Location transparency 408.9.4 Migration transparency 408.9.5 Persistence transparency 418.9.6 Relocation transparency 418.9.7 Replication transparency .418.9.8 Transaction transparency.419 Conformance assessment 419.1 Conformance assessment and the developme

17、nt process 419.2 Conformance assessment: Relevant relationships 429.3 Conformance points and related concepts . 429.4 ODP conformance specifications 439.4.1 Level of abstraction . 439.4.2 Use of multiple reference points 439.5 Conformance implications of viewpoint languages . 449.6 Conformance asses

18、sment activities 4410 Management of ODP systems. 4410.1 Management domains 4510.2 Management policy . 4510.3 Modelling management structures. 4511 The use of standards in ODP systems. 4611.1 Enterprise viewpoint 4611.1.1 Enterprise specification . 4611.1.2 The application of standards4711.2 Informat

19、ion viewpoint . 4711.2.1 Information specification. 4711.2.2 The application of standards4811.3 Computational viewpoint. 4811.3.1 Computational specification 4811.3.2 The application of standards4911.4 Engineering viewpoint. 49ISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E) ISO/IECiv11.4.1 Engineering specification 4911

20、.4.2 The application of standards5111.5 Technology viewpoint . 5111.5.1 Technology specification. 5111.5.2 The application of standards5212 Examples of ODP specifications. 5212.1 Multimedia Conferencing System . 5312.1.1 Introduction . 5312.1.2 Enterprise specification . 5412.1.3 Information specifi

21、cation. 5512.1.4 Computational specification 5512.1.5 Engineering specification 5812.1.6 Technology specification. 6012.2 Multiparty audio/video stream binding 6012.2.1 General description 6012.2.2 Enterprise specification . 6112.2.3 Information specification. 6212.2.4 Computational specification 64

22、12.2.5 Engineering specification 6712.2.6 Technology specification. 6812.3 A management example Metric Object 6812.3.1 Enterprise specification . 6912.3.2 Information specification. 7012.3.3 Computational specification 7112.4 Database example 7212.4.1 Enterprise specification . 7212.4.2 Information

23、specification. 7212.4.3 Computational specification 72Annex A Bibliography . 76 ISO/IECISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E)vForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) formthe specialized system for worldwide standardization. Nationa

24、l bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in thedevelopment of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to dealwith particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest.Othe

25、r international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in thework.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. DraftInternational Standards adopted by the joint technical commit

26、tee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publicationas an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.International Standard ISO/IEC 10746-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, Subcommittee SC 33

27、, Distributed application services, in collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text ispublished as ITU-T Recommendation X.901.ISO/IEC 10746 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Reference Model: Part 1: Overview Part 2: Foundations

28、 Part 3: Architecture Part 4: Architectural semanticsAnnex A of this part of ISO/IEC 10746 is for information only.ISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E) ISO/IECviIntroductionThe rapid growth of distributed processing has led to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization ofOpen Distributed Proc

29、essing (ODP). This Reference Model provides such a framework. It creates an architecture withinwhich support of distribution, interworking and portability can be integrated.The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing, ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1 to ITU-T Rec. X.904 |ISO/IEC 10746-4, is

30、 based on precise concepts derived from current distributed processing developments and, as far aspossible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture.The RM-ODP (ISO/IEC 10746) consists of: ITU-T Rec. X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1: Overview: contains a motivational

31、overview of ODP givingscoping, justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of the ODP architecture. It containsexplanatory material on how this Reference Model is to be interpreted and applied by its users, who mayinclude standards writers and architects of ODP systems. It also con

32、tains a categorization of required areasof standardization expressed in terms of the reference points for conformance identified in ITU-T Rec.X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3. These common texts are not normative. ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2: Foundations: contains the definition of the concepts and an

33、alyticalframework for normalized description of (arbitrary) distributed processing systems. This is only to a levelof detail sufficient to support ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 and to establish requirements for newspecification techniques. These common texts are normative. ITU-T Rec. X.903 | IS

34、O/IEC 10746-3: Architecture: contains the specification of the requiredcharacteristics that qualify distributed processing as open. These are the constraints to which ODPstandards must conform. It uses the descriptive techniques from ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2.These common texts are normativ

35、e. ITU-T Rec. X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4: Architectural semantics: contains a normalization of the ODPmodelling concepts defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2, clauses 8 and 9. The normalizationis achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of the different standardized for

36、maldescription techniques. These common texts are normative.This Recommendation | International Standard contains one annex.Clause 6 explains the business benefits of open distributed systems, and how the RM-ODP and its associatedODP standards will enable corporations to realize these benefits. This

37、 clause states the “promises” of ODP plug-and-play building blocks and system integration tools for distributed systems.Clauses 7 to 10 explain what RM-ODP and its distributed functions are about. These clauses justify how RM-ODPsupports the development of plug-and-play building blocks and system in

38、tegration tools for distributed systems.Clause 11 shows how ODP standards and specifications by other groups can be referenced in an ODP specification of asystem. These relationships are key to ODPs ability to enable integration of disparate technologies.Clause 12 contains examples that demonstrate

39、the use of RM-ODP and the use of underlying principles to solve businessproblems.ISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E)ITU-T Rec. X.901 (1997 E) 1INTERNATIONAL STANDARDITU-T RECOMMENDATIONINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING REFERENCE MODEL: OVERVIEW1 Scope and field of applicationThis Recommendat

40、ion | International Standard: gives an introduction and motivation for ODP; provides an overview of the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) and anexplanation of its key concepts; gives guidance on the application of the RM-ODP.This Recommendation | International Standard covers b

41、oth overview and detailed explanation, and can be consulted invarious ways when reading the standards:a) if you intend to read only this Recommendation | International Standard, to gain a general understanding ofthe importance of ODP to your organization, concentrate on clause 6;b) if you intend to

42、study the whole RM-ODP, you should also read clause 6 before moving on toITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3;c) as you read ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 you maywish to consult clauses 7 to 10, which give supporting ex

43、planation for the various concepts that thesecommon texts define;d) when you have completed a first reading of ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 and ITU-T Rec. X.903 |ISO/IEC 10746-3, read clauses 11 and 12 which discuss the use of standards in ODP systemspecifications, and provide some examples of

44、 applying the ODP concepts in the specification of systems.2 Normative referencesThe following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this Recommendation | International Standard. At the time of publication, the e

45、ditions indicatedwere valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on thisRecommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editionof the Recommendation and International Standard lis

46、ted below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currentlyvalid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currentlyvalid ITU-T Recommendations.2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1994) |

47、 ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology Open SystemsInterconnection Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model. ITU-T Recommendation X.207 (1993) | ISO/IEC 9545:1994, Information technology Open SystemsInterconnection Application Layer structure. ITU-T Recommendation X.720 (1993) | ISO/IEC 10165-1:

48、1993, Information technology Open SystemsInterconnection Structure of management information: Management Information Model.ISO/IEC 10746-1 : 1998 (E)2 ITU-T Rec. X.901 (1997 E) ITU-T Recommendation X.902 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology Opendistributed processing Reference Model

49、: Foundations. ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10746-3:1996, Information technology Opendistributed processing Reference Model: Architecture. ITU-T Recommendation X.904 (1997) | ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998, Information technology Opendistributed processing Reference Model: Architectural semantics.2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content ITU-T Recommendation X.290 (1995), OSI conformance testing methodology and framework forprotocol Recommendations for ITU-T