SAE J 670-2008 Vehicle Dynamics Terminology《汽车动力学术语》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m

3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)

4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org J670 JAN2008 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 1952-07 Revised 2008-01 Superseding J670e JUL1976 (R) Vehicle Dynamics Terminology RATIONALE SAE J670 was last updated over 30 years ago. Since the last revisi

5、on, the field of vehicle dynamics has changed significantly. New systems such as four-wheel steering and active control have been applied to enhance the performance of vehicles. The terminology for vehicle dynamics needed to be updated to accommodate these new technologies and to make the definition

6、s consistent with current usage in the field. Accordingly, many new terms have been added to the terminology to provide formal definitions for terms that are associated with these new technologies. A number of existing definitions, which were based on front-wheel steer vehicles with passive control,

7、 were also revised to accommodate new technologies. In addition, new SAE and ISO standards have been published since the last revision of SAE J670 that directly relate to topics considered in SAE J670. The content of these new standards also indicated the need to revise SAE J670. Specifically, in 19

8、87, SAE published J1594, containing aerodynamics terminology previously appearing in SAE J670e. The aerodynamics section of SAE J670e is not included in the revised document, because those terms are now defined in SAE J1594. In 1991, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published

9、 a vehicle dynamics vocabulary, ISO 8855. SAE J670e and ISO 8855 are incompatible in several aspects, the most notable being the axis systems defined in the two documents. SAE J670e utilizes an axis system based on aeronautical practice, with positive X forward, positive Y to the right, and positive

10、 Z down. ISO 8855 utilizes an axis system with positive X forward, positive Y to the left, and positive Z up. The revised SAE J670 embraces both of these axis orientations. The revised SAE J670 additionally addresses technical shortcomings found in both SAE J670e and ISO 8855 and is a harmonized sup

11、erset of the two documents. In 1998, SAE published J2047, containing definitions for tire performance terms that were previously defined in SAE J670e. The revised SAE J670 utilizes many definitions excerpted from SAE J2047, although some of these definitions are revised to enhance their applicabilit

12、y to vehicle dynamics. Several of the sections of SAE J670e dealing with vibration terminology are not included in the new SAE J670, as the terms that were defined in these sections are commonly defined in engineering textbooks and the definitions are not specific to vehicle dynamics. Finally, the t

13、erminology is extended to include definitions for many suspension and steering components, to enhance communication among vehicle dynamics professionals. This seventh edition of SAE J670 replaces the preceding edition (SAE J670e) in its entirety. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under lic

14、ense with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J670 Revised JAN2008 - 2 - FOREWORD This terminology is intended to be sufficient to allow meaningful communication between vehicle dynamics professionals who need to describe the static and dynamic c

15、haracteristics of automobiles, light trucks, and trailers. The terminology is to be used for presenting results and findings concerning the longitudinal, lateral, vertical and rotational dynamic performance of the applicable vehicles as predicted by analyses and simulations or as measured in tests a

16、nd operational situations. The purpose of this terminology is not to cover all terms in the manner of a dictionary or terms found in a basic engineering textbook. Rather, this document contains compatible definitions that have been carefully selected to aid in conveying ideas with rigor and accuracy

17、 in a readily understood and generally acceptable manner. The terminology draws upon terms and definitions previously appearing in SAE J670e and ISO 8855 and further develops those that are applicable to the subjects covered by this document. For application to the study of vehicle dynamics, the tir

18、e terminology in this document contains pertinent definitions extracted from or based upon SAE J2047. Definitions for many chassis components are also provided. Many of the definitions in the document contain terms appearing in italic font. Definitions for terms in italic may be found elsewhere in t

19、he document. INTRODUCTION ISO 8855:1991 is the international standard corresponding to SAE J670. The scopes of these two standards are different. The scope of SAE J670 is limited to passenger cars and light trucks with two axles, plus those vehicles in combination with single-axle trailers. The scop

20、e of ISO 8855 additionally includes heavy commercial vehicles, with multiple axles and multiple units. SAE J670 recognizes axis systems with both Z-Up and Z-Down orientations, while ISO 8855 only recognizes the Z-Up orientation. SAE J670 defines five axis systems: Earth, intermediate, vehicle, tire,

21、 and wheel, while ISO 8855 defines four axis systems: Earth, intermediate, vehicle, and wheel (equivalent to the SAE J670 tire system). SAE J670 accommodates four-wheel steering, while ISO 8855 does not. SAE J670 accommodates an inclined road surface that is non-uniform, while ISO 8855 is limited to

22、 application on a flat, horizontal road surface. SAE J670 includes definitions for many suspension and steering components, while component definitions are not included in ISO 8855. SAE J670 also defines many more terms (over 600) than are defined in ISO 8855 (approximately 130). Copyright SAE Inter

23、national Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J670 Revised JAN2008 - 3 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Rationale . 1 Foreword . 2 Introduction . 2 1. Scope 6 2. References 6 2.1 Applicable Publications . 6 2.1.1 SAE Publicat

24、ions. 6 2.1.2 ISO Publications 6 2.2 Related Publications . 6 2.2.1 SAE Publications. 6 2.2.2 ISO Publications 7 2.2.3 Other Publications. 7 3. Axis and Coordinate Systems. 8 4. Vehicle 12 4.1 Geometry and Masses 12 4.2 Kinematics. 14 4.2.1 Translational Motion Variables 14 4.2.1.1 Velocities. 15 4.

25、2.1.2 Accelerations. 15 4.2.2 Angular Motion Variables 16 4.2.2.1 Angles . 16 4.2.2.2 Angular Velocities . 18 4.2.2.3 Angular Accelerations . 19 4.2.3 Vehicle Trajectory Measures 19 4.3 Forces and Moments 20 4.3.1 Forces . 20 4.3.2 Moments . 20 5. Suspension and Steering 21 5.1 General Nomenclature

26、21 5.2 Suspension Components 21 5.3 Steering Components . 22 5.4 Masses and Inertias 24 5.5 Geometry 25 5.5.1 Steer and Camber Angles. 25 5.5.2 Steering-Axis Geometry 27 5.6 Suspension Motions 28 5.7 Kinematics. 29 5.7.1 Ride Kinematics 29 5.7.2 Roll Kinematics . 30 5.7.3 Steering Kinematics 31 5.7.

27、4 Anti- Characteristics 32 5.8 Ride and Roll Stiffness 32 5.9 Compliances . 33 5.9.1 Camber and Steer Compliances. 33 5.9.2 Other Compliances . 34 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE

28、J670 Revised JAN2008 - 4 - 6. Brakes . 34 6.1 General Nomenclature 34 6.2 Brake Components . 34 6.3 Brake Proportioning 35 7. Tires and Wheels 35 7.1 Wheel Nomenclature 36 7.2 Pneumatic Tire Nomenclature 36 7.3 Wheel Plane Geometry. 37 7.4 Tire Orientation Angles . 38 7.5 Tire Rolling Characteristic

29、s. 38 7.6 Wheel Spin and Tire Slip 39 7.7 Standard Loads and Inflation Pressures. 39 7.8 Wheel Torque 40 7.9 Tire Forces and Moments. 40 7.10 Pull Forces and Moments . 43 7.11 Properties of Forces in the Road Plane 46 7.12 Normal Force Properties. 47 7.13 Moment Properties 47 7.14 Tire/Road Friction

30、 48 8. States and Modes . 49 8.1 Equilibrium 49 8.2 Stability 49 8.3 Control Modes. 49 9. Inputs and Responses 50 9.1 Inputs 50 9.2 Responses 51 10. Vehicle Longitudinal Response 53 10.1 Longitudinal Load Transfer . 53 10.2 Descriptors of Steady-State Longitudinal Response 53 10.2.1 Gain Measures 53

31、 10.2.2 Gradient Measures . 53 10.3 Descriptors of Transient Longitudinal Response 53 10.4 Descriptors of Transient Brake System Response. 53 10.5 Characterizing Descriptors of Braking Performance 54 11. Vehicle Lateral Response. 54 11.1 Lateral Load Transfer 54 11.2 Ranges of Directional Response 5

32、4 11.3 Descriptors of Steady-State Directional Response 54 11.3.1 Gain or Sensitivity Measures 54 11.3.2 Gradient Measures . 55 11.3.3 Understeer and Oversteer 56 11.3.4 Stability Measures. 58 11.3.5 Characterizing Speeds 58 11.4 Descriptors of Transient Directional Response 59 11.4.1 Rise-Time Meas

33、ures. 59 11.4.2 Overshoot Measures. 59 11.4.3 Other Transient Measures 60 11.5 Descriptors of Limit Response 60 11.5.1 Directional Response Limits . 60 11.5.2 Rollover Resistance 60 11.6 Stability and Control Derivatives. 61 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for R

34、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J670 Revised JAN2008 - 5 - 12. Ride Vibration 62 12.1 Sprung-Mass Vibration . 62 12.2 Unsprung-Mass Vibration . 63 12.2.1 Wheel Vibration Modes. 63 12.2.2 Axle Vibration Modes 63 12.2.3 Steering-System Vibration Modes 63 1

35、3. Notes. 63 13.1 Marginal Indicia. 63 Appendix A Alphabetical Index. 64 Appendix B Symbols 70 Appendix C Superseded Tire Axis System. 72 Figure 1 Orientations of Axis Systems 8 Figure 2 Tire and Wheel Axis Systems. 11 Figure 3 Yaw, Sideslip, and Course Angles 17 Figure 4 Vehicle Sideslip, Reference

36、 Steer, and Axle Reference Sideslip Angles. 18 Figure 5 Rack and Pinion Steering System 23 Figure 6 Recirculating-Ball Steering System 23 Figure 7 Ackermann Geometry . 26 Figure 8 Camber, Inclination, and Vehicle Roll Angles. 27 Figure 9 Nomenclature for Tire and Rim. 36 Figure 10 Tire Force and Mom

37、ent Nomenclature . 41 Figure 11 Components of Tire Conicity and Plysteer . 43 Figure 12 Tire Residual Lateral Force and Aligning Moment . 45 Figure 13 Tire Conicity Residual Aligning Moment . 46 Figure 14 Steer Properties 57 Figure C1 Superseded Tire Axis System. 72 Table 1 Vehicle Euler Angles and

38、Standard Order of Rotation . 16 Table 2 Relationships Between Z-Up and Z-Down Tire Axis Systems 38 Table C1 Relationships Between Superseded Tire Axis System and Z-Down Tire Axis System 73 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p

39、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J670 Revised JAN2008 - 6 - 1. SCOPE The vehicle dynamics terminology presented herein pertains to passenger cars and light trucks with two axles and to those vehicles pulling single-axle trailers. The terminology presents symbols and definitions covering the

40、 following subjects: axis systems, vehicle bodies, suspension and steering systems, brakes, tires and wheels, operating states and modes, control and disturbance inputs, vehicle responses, and vehicle characterizing descriptors. The scope does not include terms relating to the human perception of ve

41、hicle response. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonweal

42、th Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1594 Vehicle Aerodynamics Terminology SAE J2047 Tire Performance Technology SAE J2564 Automotive Stability Enhancement Systems 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from ANSI, 2

43、5 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 8855:1991 Road vehiclesVehicle dynamics and road-holding abilityVocabulary 2.2 Related Publications 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-73

44、23 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1451 A Dictionary of Terms for the Dynamics and Handling of Single Track Vehicles (Motorcycles, Mopeds, and Bicycles) SAE J1982 NomenclatureWheels for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Multipurpose Vehicles SAE M-105 SAE Glo

45、ssary of Automotive TermsSecond Edition SAE R-159 Dictionary of Automotive EngineeringSecond Edition Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J670 Revised JAN2008 - 7 - 2.2.2 ISO Publicati

46、ons Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 611 Road vehiclesBraking of automotive vehicles and their trailersVocabulary ISO 612 Road vehiclesDimensions of motor vehicles and towed vehiclesTerms and definitions ISO 1176 Road vehiclesMassesVo

47、cabulary and codes ISO 3833 Road vehiclesTypesTerms and definitions ISO 3877 Tyres, valves and tubesList of equivalent termsPart 1: Tyres ISO 3911 Wheels and rims for pneumatic tyresVocabulary, designation and marking ISO 4223 Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industryPart 1: Pneumatic tyre

48、s ISO 6725 Road vehiclesDimensions of two-wheeled mopeds and motorcyclesTerms and definitions ISO 6726 Mopeds and motorcycles with two wheelsMassesVocabulary ISO 7237 CaravansMasses and dimensionsVocabulary ISO 11838 Motorcycle and motorcycle-rider kinematicsVocabulary 2.2.3 Other Publications Bosch Automotive Handbook Bosch Automotive Terminology Tire and Rim Association Year Book Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,