SAE J 2230-1993 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Trim Materials Using Outdoor Under-Glass Controlled Sun-Tracking Temperature and Humidity Apparatus Standard 《使用户外玻璃下阳光跟.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT

3、 ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1937 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDAn American National StandardJ2230ISSUEDFEB93Issued 1993-02ACCEL

4、ERATED EXPOSURE OF AUTOMOTIVE INTERIOR TRIM MATERIALS USINGOUTDOOR UNDER-GLASS CONTROLLED SUN-TRACKING TEMPERATUREAND HUMIDITY APPARATUSForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards BoardFormat.1. Scope1.1 This SAE Standard specifies operating proced

5、ure for the exposure of automotive interior trim materials in anoutdoor behind-glass apparatus in which the temperature is controlled in a 24 h cycle. The humidity iscontrolled during the dark (night) portion of the cycle.1.2 Specimen preparation, test durations, and performance evaluation procedure

6、s are covered in materialspecifications of the different automotive manufacturers.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 S

7、AE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J1545Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles, and Colored Trim2.1.2 AATCC PUBLICATIONSAvailable from AATCC, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.AATCC Evaluation Pro

8、cedure 1 (1987), Gray Scale for Color Change2.1.3 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM E824Standard Method for Transfer of Calibration from Reference to Field Pyranometers3. Definitions3.1 Black Panel Thermometer, n.A temperature-measurin

9、g device, the sensing unit of which is a stainlesssteel panel coated with black material designed to absorb most of the radiant energy encountered in fade/weathering testing.SAE J2230 Issued FEB93-2-NOTEThis device provides an estimation of the maximum temperature a specimen may attain duringexposur

10、e to natural or artificial light.3.2 Blue Wool Lightfastness Standard, n.One of a group of dyed fabrics which are sensitive to the amount oflight, heat, and moisture to which the blue wool material is exposed. Because of their unstable nature, thesematerials are also sensitive to the heat and moistu

11、re conditions which exist before exposure testing, afterexposure testing, and prior to sample measurement.3.3 Center Wavelength, n.The specified wavelength for bandpass filters; the wavelength midway between thehalf power points, e.g., 340 nm 2 nm.3.4 Color Change, n.As used in fade/weathering testi

12、ng, a change in color of any kind (whether a change inhue, saturation, or lightness).3.5 Half Power Bandpass, n.The interval between wavelengths at which transmittance is 50% of peak. (Itshould not exceed 20 nm for a narrow bandpass filter.)3.6 Irradiance Total, n.The rate at which energy is inciden

13、t on a surface, per unit area (W/m2).3.7 Irradiance, Ultraviolet, n.Irradiance integrated over wavelengths 295 to 385 nm (W/m2/nm).3.8 Irradiance, Center Wavelength, n.Irradiance integrated at wavelength 340 nm 2 nm (W/m2/nm).3.9 Irradiation, n.See radiant exposure.3.10 Radiant Exposure, n.The accum

14、ulated amount of irradiance received during a specified time period perunit area (J/m2). Since irradiance can be measured using a variety of different optical sensors, it is generallyrecommended that the type of radiant exposure be specified (e.g., radiant exposure from 295 to 385 nm orradiant expos

15、ure at 340 nm 2 nm).3.11 Reference Fabric, n.One or more blue wool lightfastness standards selected for exposure as a check ontest apparatus and operating conditions.3.12 Reference Plastic, n.A clear polystyrene plastic standard selected for exposure as a check on a testapparatus and operating condi

16、tions.NOTEIt has not been verified that these reference materials can be used as a check on a test cabinet oroperating conditions for outdoor exposure tests due to seasonal variations in ultraviolet spectraldistribution, temperature, relative humidity, and time of wetness during the uncontrolled por

17、tion of thetest.3.13 Sample, Laboratory, n.A portion of material taken to represent the lot sample, the original material, orproduction lot, and used in the laboratory as a source of test specimens.3.14 Specimen, n.A specific portion of a material, laboratory sample, or production lot, upon which a

18、test isperformed or which is selected for that purpose.4. Significance and Use4.1 This method is designed to simulate extreme environmental conditions encountered inside a vehicle due tosunlight, heat, and humidity for the purpose of predicting the performance of automotive interior trim materials.S

19、AE J2230 Issued FEB93-3-4.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of thismethod, or tests are conducted in different geographical locations. Therefore, no reference shall be made toresults from the use of this method unless accompanied b

20、y a report detailing the specific operating conditionsand location in compliance with Section 10, Exposure Report.5. Apparatus15.1 The mounting stand shall be capable of tracking the sun in elevation and rotation with an accuracy of 1degree in order to maintain the front surface of the cabinet norma

21、l to the direct beam of the sun (see Figure 1).FIGURE 1EXPOSURE APPARATUS5.2 The test cabinet (Figure 1) shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant metal and contain a specimen rack, aircirculation fan(s), and a hinged glass cover.5.3 The glass cover (Figure 1) shall be a single piece of 3 mm (1/8

22、in) thick clear tempered safety glass, such asHerculite2, or equivalent.5.4 The specimen rack shall be designed and positioned so that the test specimens may be mounted with theplane of the test surface parallel to, and not less than 75 mm (3 in) below the glass.5.5 The cabinet shall be equipped wit

23、h a sensor, heater(s), fan(s), and a control system capable of maintaining aspecified air temperature to within 5 C at any location with the specimen exposure area. An example of sucha system is given in Figure 1.5.6 The cabinet shall be equipped with a sensor, controller, and solenoids, evaporators

24、, or ultrasonic humidifierscapable of controlling the relative humidity to within 10% of the set humidity during the night portion of thecycle. Optionally, the wet-bulb temperature or dew point may be controlled in order to maintain the desiredhumidity level.5.7 An ultraviolet radiometer shall be us

25、ed to measure irradiance, and connected to an integrator for computing1. Apparatus from Heraeus DSET Laboratories, Inc., 45601 N. 47th Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85027-7042, or equivalent.2. Available from PPG Industries.SAE J2230 Issued FEB93-4-ultraviolet radiant exposure. The ultraviolet radiometer shal

26、l be mounted behind glass, such as Herculite, orequivalent, in a ventilated enclosure to avoid overheating the instrument. The enclosure containing theradiometer shall maintain the same orientation as the test cabinet. Two different types of radiometers may beused:5.7.1 A wide-band ultraviolet radio

27、meter3, an instrument which measures irradiance at wavelengths 295 to385 nm.5.7.2 A narrow-band ultraviolet radiometer 4, an instrument which measures irradiance at 340 nm 2 nm.6. Apparatus Set-Up6.1 To enhance the possibility of repeatability of tests, maintain and calibrate the apparatus as descri

28、bed inAppendices A and B. Appendix A contains maintenance and calibration instructions. Appendix B describesthe use of reference materials which may assist in determining the performance of the apparatus, andinterpreting exposure results when compared to previous tests.6.2 Water for humidification m

29、ust be purified so that it is free of silica and has no more than 20 ppm total dissolvedsolids.7. Test Specimens7.1 Unless otherwise specified, test specimens shall be 75 x 150 mm (3 x 6 in), with a maximum thickness of25 mm (1 in). For specimens over 25 mm (1 in) thick, formed or configured specime

30、ns, and large components,specific instructions must be obtained from the responsible material engineer of the different automotivemanufacturers or automotive suppliers.7.2 Replicate specimens are desirable to provide a record of the changes when they are exposed for differentradiant exposure levels.

31、 An unexposed specimen should be saved for visual comparison with the exposedspecimen.8. Test Procedure8.1 Mount test specimens to the specimen rack. To minimize variations in results caused by nonuniform exposureconditions, the sample area is restricted in accordance with the procedure in Appendix

32、A.8.2 Ensure the timer and temperature and humidity set points are correct for the method specified in Table 1:Operate continuously, except for performing maintenance and calibration as specified in Appendix A,inspecting specimens, removing specimens, or starting new tests.3. Available as model TUVR

33、 from Eppley Laboratories, 12 Sheffield Avenue, Newport, RI 02840, or equivalent.4. Available as model LM3A from Atlas Electric Devices Company, 4114 North Ravenswood Avenue, Chicago, IL 60613, or model NBUVR-340from Heraeus DSET Laboratories, Inc., 45601 N. 47th Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85027-7042, or e

34、quivalent.TABLE 1TEST CONDITIONSParameters Day Conditions Night ConditionsTemperature 70 C 5 C air 38 C 5 C airHumidity Not Controlled 75% 10% R.H.Hours 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 8 a.m.SAE J2230 Issued FEB93-5-8.3 Use one of the following methods for timing the exposure:8.3.1 Expose specimens for t

35、he specified radiant exposure measured in MJ/m2total ultraviolet, 295 to 385 nm.8.3.2 Expose specimens for the specified radiant exposure measured in kJ/m2/nm at 340 nm 2 nm.9. Evaluating and Reporting the Degree of Fade9.1 The degree of fade shall be evaluated and reported as specified between the

36、contractual parties. Instrumentalvalues are recommended:9.1.1 INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT9.1.1.1 Color difference values in CIELAB units are obtained by instrumentally measuring the specimen beforeand after a specified amount of radiant exposure. The instrument used for specimen measurement shallconfor

37、m to that specified in Appendix B.9.1.2 VISUAL ASSESSMENT9.1.2.1 Rating Method AAssign colorfastness ratings using the AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change inaccordance with AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1 (1987).9.1.2.2 Rating Method BUsing the viewing conditions specified in AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1

38、 (1987),quantify the color change using the following terminology:a. NONENo change in hue, lightness, or saturation (chroma).b. SLIGHTA change in lightness and/or saturation (chroma) which can be determined only upon closeexamination but no change in hue.c. NOTICEABLEA change in lightness and/or sat

39、uration (chroma) which can easily be seen and/or achange in hue.d. SEVEREAn extreme change in lightness, saturation (chroma), and/or hue.10. Exposure Report10.1 The final report shall contain the following:10.1.1 Laboratory and location10.1.2 Type and serial number of exposure apparatus10.1.3 Test m

40、ethod10.1.4 Specimen identification10.1.5 Total radiant exposure (MJ/m2/295 to 385 nm) or (kJ/m2/nm 340 nm)10.1.6 Date specimen exposure was initiated10.1.7 Date specimen exposure was completed10.1.8 Special conditions which may have existed during a specific test period, such as control failure, un

41、usualatmospheric conditions, etc.SAE J2230 Issued FEB93-6-11. Precision and BiasNeither repeatability (precision of multiple determinations at one site) nor reproducibility(precision of multiple determinations at different sites) have been established. Therefore, it is inappropriate tocompare result

42、s from different sites or results obtained at different times at the same site. It is stronglyrecommended that a control material having a known history be exposed simultaneously with test specimens ifit is desirable to compare results obtained at different times and/or sites.PREPARED BY THE SAE TEX

43、TILES AND FLEXIBLE PLASTICS COMMITTEESAE J2230 Issued FEB93-7-APPENDIX AA.1 MaintenanceA.1.1 Specimen MountingCheck specimens daily to ensure they are properly mounted.A.1.2 Glass CoverThe glass cover shall be inspected weekly, and both surfaces shall be cleaned wheneverthere is visual evidence of d

44、irt accumulation, outgassing, or other undesirable deposits.A.1.3 Ultraviolet RadiometerThe glass cover and the diffusing lens shall be cleaned daily with deionized water.The desiccant visible through the sight glass shall be replaced whenever the color changes from dark blue tolight pink.A.1.4 Temp

45、erature/Humidity Control SystemCheck temperature/humidity readouts once during the day cycleand once during the night cycle daily to ensure proper operation of thermocouples, humidity sensors,heaters, air circulation fans, etc.A.2 Calibration ChecksA.2.1 TemperatureThe temperature sensor used to con

46、trol chamber temperature shall be checked using a NISTtraceable temperature sensor at the chamber set points no less often than every 6 months. The sensor shallbe adjusted or replaced whenever the measured temperature fails to agree with the reference by an averageof more than 1.5 C.A.2.2 Temperatur

47、e UniformityWithin the planned exposure area, temperature uniformity shall be measured noless often than every 6 months using Type T thermocouples (attached to the specimen rack) placed asfollows in Figure A1: FIGURE A1THERMOCOUPLE PLACEMENTThermocouples shall be monitored no less often than every 1

48、5 min for a 24-h period. The exposure areashall be limited to the area over which temperature can be maintained to within 5 C of the setpointtemperature.A.2.3 IrradiancePerform an absolute calibration no less often than every 6 months either by using aspectroradiometer, by returning the unit to the

49、manufacturer, or by comparing the instrument to a referenceinstrument in accordance with ASTM E 824.SAE J2230 Issued FEB93-8-APPENDIX BCAUTIONIt has not been verified that these reference materials can be used as a check on a test cabinetor operating conditions for outdoor exposure tests due to seasonable variations in ultraviolet,temperature, relative humidity, and time of wetness during the uncontrolled portion of the test.B.1 ScopeB.1.1 This appendix describes the procedure for using an AATCC Blue Wool Lightfastne