NSF 61-2016 Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard / American National StandardNSF/ANSI 61 - 2016 Drinking Water System Components -Health Effects NSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and safety-based risk manage

2、ment solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water A

3、dditives c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P.O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.orgi NSF/ANSI 61 2016 International Standard/ American National Standard for Drinking Wate

4、r Additives Drinking water system components Health effects Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Board of Directors Designated an ANSI Standard January 05, 2016 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives Recommended for

5、Adoption by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted by The NSF Board of Directors June 1988 Revised October 1988 Revised November 1999 Addendum October 2007 Revised May 1990 Revised September 2000 Revised December 2008 Revised May 1991 Revised February 2001 Revised August 2009 Revised M

6、ay 1992 Addendum September 2001 Revised February 2010 Revised September 1994 Revised July 2002 Revised October 2010 Revised January 1995 Addendum August 2002 Revised June 2011 Revised July 1996 Editorial Revision February 2002 Addendum March 2012 Revised September 1996 Revised September 2003 Revised

7、 July 2012 Revised November 1996 Editorial Revision October 2003 Addendum March 2013 Revised January 1997 Revised November 2004 Revised January 2014 Revised March 1997 Addendum March 2005 Revised September 2014 Revised July 1997 Revised October 2005 Revised February 2015 Revised November 1998 Revise

8、d March 2007 Revised October 2015 Revised January 1999 Revised July 2007 Revised July 2016 Published by NSF International PO Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/ANSI 61 2016.”

9、Copyright 2016 NSF International Previous editions 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1988 Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or

10、 by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1 NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge

11、 any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including con

12、sequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard

13、 because governmental agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standar

14、ds. Preference is given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in underst

15、anding their adjacent standard requirements. However, the illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and constructio

16、n. Unless otherwise referenced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization.1 The information contained in this Disclaimer is not part of this American Nation

17、al Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Disclaimer may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Standard. T

18、his page is intentionally left blank. v Contents 1 Purpose, scope, and normative references 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Normative references . 1 1.4 Limitations 3 1.5 Alternate products or materials 4 1.6 Significant figures and rounding . 4 2 Definitions . 4 3 General requirements . 6 3.1 Gen

19、eral 6 3.2 Information and formulation requirements . 6 3.3 Identification of analytes. 9 3.4 Products manufactured from Annex C acceptable materials. 9 3.5 Restriction on use of lead containing materials . 16 3.6 Weighted average lead content of products 16 4 Pipes and related products . 16 4.1 Sco

20、pe . 16 4.2 Definitions 17 4.3 General requirements 17 4.4 Sample requirements . 17 4.5 Extraction procedures 18 4.6 Analysis 23 4.7 Normalization of contaminant concentrations 23 4.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations . 25 5 Barrier materials . 31 5.1 Scope . 31 5.2 Definitions 31 5.3 General

21、 requirements 32 5.4 Sample requirements . 32 5.5 Extraction procedures 33 5.6 Analysis of extraction water . 37 5.7 Normalization . 37 5.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations . 39 6 Joining and sealing materials . 45 6.1 Coverage 45 6.2 Definitions 45 6.3 Material and extraction testing requir

22、ements . 45 6.4 Items of special significance 45 7 Process media 45 7.1 Scope . 45 7.2 Definitions 46 7.3 General requirements 47 7.4 Sample requirements . 48 7.5 Extraction procedures 49 7.6 Analysis 51 7.7 Normalization . 51 7.8 Evaluation of contaminant concentrations . 53 8 Mechanical devices 56

23、 8.1 Coverage 56 8.2 Definitions 56 8.3 Device, component, or material requirements . 57 8.4 In-line devices, components, and materials . 57 8.5 Point-of-entry systems, components, and media . 58 8.6 Chemical feeders and generators 59 8.7 Other mechanical devices, components, and materials 59 vi 9 M

24、echanical plumbing devices . 62 9.1 Coverage 62 9.2 Definitions 63 9.3 Device, component, or material requirements . 64 9.4 Exposure and normalization 64 9.5 Evaluation of normalized contaminant concentrations 65 10 Instructions and information . 65 Annex A . A1 Annex B . B1 Annex C .C1 Annex D .D1

25、Annex E . E1 Annex F . F1 Annex G G1 Interpretations Annex Interpretations - 1 vii Foreword2 In response to a competitive request for proposals from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), a Consortium led by NSF International (NSF) agreed to develop voluntary third-party consensus standa

26、rds and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the Consortium include the American Water Works Association Research Foundation, the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers, a

27、nd the American Water Works Association. (COSHEM has since become inactive as an organization.) Each organization was represented on a steering committee with oversight responsibility for the administration of the cooperative agreement. The Steering Committee provides guidance on overall administrat

28、ion and management of the cooperative agreement. Currently, the member organizations remain active in an oversight role. Two standards for additives products were developed. NSF/ANSI 60: Drinking water treatment chemicals Health effects covers many of the water treatment chemicals, also known as dir

29、ect additives. This Standard, NSF/ANSI 61: Drinking water system components Health effects , covers all indirect additives products and materials. Testing to determine the potential of a product to impart taste and/or odor to drinking water is not included in this Standard. NSF/ANSI 61 was developed

30、 to establish minimum requirements for the control of potential adverse human health effects from products that contact drinking water. It does not attempt to include product performance requirements that are currently addressed in other voluntary consensus standards established by such organization

31、s as the American Water Works Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the American National Standards Institute. Because this Standard complements the performance standards of these organizations, it is recommended that products also meet the appropriate performance requirem

32、ents specified in the standards of such organizations. NSF/ANSI 61, and subsequent product certification against it, has replaced the USEPA Additives Advisory Program for drinking water system components. USEPA terminated its advisory role in April 1990. For more information with regard to USEPAs ac

33、tions, refer to the July 7, 1988 Federal Register (53FR25586). Water age can be a major factor in the deterioration of water quality within plumbing systems affecting issues of both public health and aesthetic concerns. With increased water age is an increased potential for the formation of disinfec

34、tion by-products, increased corrosion, and an increased potential for microbial regrowth. It can also lead to a loss in the effectiveness of corrosion control measures and an increased potential for nitrification of the water. Within NSF/ANSI 61, most extraction protocols result in exposure periods

35、between 12 to 24 hours. While these are appropriate for typical drinking water system use, they can be significantly less than in others. Examples of where high water age can occur include: Water storage tanks in rain water catchment systems where the duration may be weeks or months, Plumbing system

36、 designs in green buildings which result of overall reduction in water usage without a change in piping design to minimize stagnation, Buildings where stagnant periods occur due to non-use such as schools between semesters, vacation homes, or seasonal buildings, and 2 The information contained in th

37、is Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. As such, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements

38、 necessary for conformance to the Standard. viii Products on isolated lines with either long or oversized piping resulting low water turnover. NSF/ANSI 61 compliant products are often specified in these applications yet the potential accumulation of leachates over extended periods of exposure may or

39、 may not be addressed though this standard. It is important that the design of drinking water plumbing systems take into account potentials for extended aging of water. This may include the flushing of the water piping system after extended periods of nonuse. It is also important for managers of the

40、 drinking systems in buildings be aware of the potential for high water age and proactively manage the system to minimize it. This Standard and the accompanying text are intended for voluntary use by certifying organizations, utilities, regulatory agencies, and/or manufacturers as a basis of providi

41、ng assurances that adequate health protection exists for covered products. Product certification issues, including frequency of testing and requirements for follow-up testing, evaluation, enforcement, and other policy issues, are not addressed by this Standard. It is the intent of the Joint Committe

42、e to eliminate the extraction water specified in Table B3a from the Standard after August 2020, or a period of five years from the adoption of Table B3b. Use of either Table B3a or B3b provides for transition during this period. Certification bodies and other users of this standard are strongly enco

43、uraged to perform periodic assessments of the effects of this change and provide feedback to the Joint Committee. All references to gallons (gal) are in U.S. gallons. This version includes the following revisions: Issue 110: This revision excluded fire sprinklers from the restriction of use of lead

44、containing materials under section 3.5. Issue 123: The requirement of providing the expected service life of a product under the information and formulation requirements under section 3.2 was removed. Issue 128: This revision extended the use of section 9 water when evaluating lead and copper releas

45、e from brass and bronze devices. Issue 129: Criteria and a method were added for evaluating in-line copper silver ion generators under section 8. Issue 130: This revision added material specific analyses under Table 3.2. Issue 131: This revision harmonized language regarding testing of copper and co

46、pper alloy pipe, tubing, and fittings under section 4. ix Issue 132: The hot water exposure protocols under sections 4 and 8 were harmonized. Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. This Standard is maintained on a Continuous Maintenance schedule and can be opened for comment at an

47、y time. Comments should be sent to Chair, Joint Committee on Drinking Water Additives System Components at standardsnsf.org, or NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA. This page is intentionally left blank. xi Consortium Organizations NSF Intern

48、ational Popularly referred to as NSF, NSF International is a noncommercial agency. It is incorporated under the laws of Michigan as a not-for-profit organization devoted to research, education, and service. It seeks to solve problems involving man and his environment. It wishes to promote health and

49、 enrich the quality of life through conserving and improving that environment. Its fundamental principle of operation is to serve as a neutral medium in which business and industry, official regulatory agencies, and the public come together to deal with problems involving products, equipment, procedures, and services related to health and the environment. It is conceived and administered as a public service organization. NSF is perhaps best known for its role in developing standards and criteria for equipment, products, and services that bear upon hea