NSF 355-2011 Greener Chemicals and Processes Information《绿色化学品和工艺信息》.pdf

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1、NSF International Standard /Green Chemistry Institute /American National StandardNSF/GCI/ANSI 355 - 2011Greener Chemicals andProcesses InformationNSF International, an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization, is dedicated to being the leading global provider of public health and s

2、afety-based risk management solutions while serving the interests of all stakeholders. This Standard is subject to revision. Contact NSF to confirm this revision is current. Users of this Standard may request clarifications and interpretations, or propose revisions by contacting: Chair, Joint Commit

3、tee on Chemicals and Processes Information c/o NSF International 789 North Dixboro Road, P. O. Box 130140 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140 USA Phone: (734) 769-8010 Telex: 753215 NSF INTL FAX: (734) 769-0109 E-mail: infonsf.org Web: http:/www.nsf.org i NSF International Standard/ Green Chemistry Insti

4、tute American National Standard for Greener Chemicals and Processes Information Greener Chemicals and Processes Information Gate-to-gate information on chemical products and their manufacturing processes Standard Developer NSF International NSF International Board of Directors Designated as an ANSI

5、Standard August 16, 2011 American National Standards Institute ii Prepared by The NSF Joint Committee on Chemical and Processes Information Recommended for Adoption by The NSF Council of Public Health Consultants Adopted August 2011 Published by NSF International P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan

6、 48113-0140, USA For ordering copies or for making inquiries with regard to this Standard, please reference the designation “NSF/GCI/ANSI 355 - 2011.” Copyright 2011 NSF International Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, e

7、lectronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from NSF International. Printed in the United States of America. iii Disclaimers1NSF, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibili

8、ty of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of NSF represent its professional judgment. NSF shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Standard by anyone. NSF shall not incur any obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damage

9、s, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Standard. NSF Standards provide basic criteria to promote sanitation and protection of the public health. Provisions for mechanical and electrical safety have not been included in this Standard because governme

10、ntal agencies or other national standards-setting organizations provide safety requirements. Participation in NSF Standards development activities by regulatory agency representatives (federal, local, state) shall not constitute their agencys endorsement of NSF or any of its Standards. Preference is

11、 given to the use of performance criteria measurable by examination or testing in NSF Standards development when such performance criteria may reasonably be used in lieu of design, materials, or construction criteria. The illustrations, if provided, are intended to assist in understanding their adja

12、cent standard requirements. The illustrations may not include all requirements for a specific product or unit, nor do they show the only method of fabricating such arrangements. Such partial drawings shall not be used to justify improper or incomplete design and construction. Unless otherwise refere

13、nced, the annexes are not considered an integral part of NSF Standards. The annexes are provided as general guidelines to the manufacturer, regulatory agency, user, or certifying organization. 1 The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has n

14、ot been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements neces-sary for conformance to the Standard. iv This page is intentional

15、ly left blank.v Contents 1 General . 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Scope . 1 1.3 Guiding premises 2 1.4 Relationship with laws and regulations 2 1.5 International trade aspects . 3 2 Conformance Requirements . 3 2.1 Purpose 3 2.2 Intended Users of this Standard 3 2.3 Preparing a Report for Conformance . 5 3 R

16、eferences . 5 3.1 Normative references . 5 3.2 Informational references 9 4 Definitions . 9 5 Chemical Characteristics 13 5.1 Purpose 13 5.2 Scope . 13 5.3 Characteristic Differentiation 13 5.4 Tier I Chemical Characteristics 14 5.5 Reporting Tier I Chemical Characteristics 20 5.6 Tier II Emerging C

17、hemical Characteristics 21 5.7 Tier III - Potential Chemical Characteristics . 22 6 Chemical Processes . 22 6.1 Purpose 22 6.2 Chemicals efficiency and waste prevention . 22 6.3 Water 25 6.4 Energy 26 6.5 Bio-Based Carbon Content 29 6.6 Process Safety . 30 6.7 Innovative Manufacturing Processes and

18、Technologies . 31 7 Social Responsibility . 31 7.1 Scope . 31 7.2 Purpose 32 7.3 Reporting 32 Annex A . A1 A.1 Purpose A1 A.2 Chemical Enterprise . A1 A.3 Final Report A2 Annex B . B1 B.1 General B1 B.2 Chemical product and process certification . B1 B.3 Suggested requirements for certifying organiz

19、ations . B2 vi Annex C . C1 C.1 Background C1 C.2 PME spreadsheet . C1 C.3 Example of a chemical process . C4 C.4 Alternate PME calculations C4 Annex D . D1 D.1 An effect that does not completely meet the Tier I filter criteria . D1 D.2 An effect that involves an emerging human health, safety, and/o

20、r ecological impact of chemicals in commerce . D1 D.3 An effect that is an active area of scientific inquiry that remains controversial because of differing conclusions D2 D.4 An effect that is not already incorporated within other, existing Tier I Qualified Chemical Characteristic tests, calculatio

21、ns or models . D3 D.5 National level government agencies (such as EPA/ NIEHS/ OSHA/ NIOSH/ DOT/ OECD/ ECHA/ MITI/ Health-Environment Canada) are developing ED definitions, screening and/or testing assays, defining interpretive methods, compiling data for evaluation, and/or are developing procedures

22、to regulate the effect . D3 D.6 Conclusion . D3 Annex E . E1 Annex F . F1 F.1 GHS terminology F1 F.2 Degradation/Biodegradation F1 F.3 Bioaccumulation . F2 Annex G G1 G.1 Rationale . G1 G.2 Tier I Criteria Chemical Characteristics . G1 G.3 Tier II Criteria Emerging Chemical Characteristics G1 G.4 Ti

23、er III Criteria Potential Chemical Characteristics G2 vii Foreword2 This American National Standard, NSF/GCI/ANSI 355 Greener Chemicals and Processes Information Standard, has been developed as part of the ongoing efforts of a number of interested parties to stan-dardize information related to a che

24、mical and its manufacturing processes in the molecular transformation phase of the chemical enterprise. Stakeholders involved in developing the Standard included chemical manufacturers, fabricators and formulators, end users, state and federal agencies, academics, and envi-ronmental non-governmental

25、 organizations. The purpose of the Information Standard is to provide the chemical enterprise with a voluntary and standardized way to define and report environmental and human health hazards associated with a chemical product and its gate-to-gate manufacturing process impacts. As used in this ANSI

26、Standard, the term “should” indicates an optional reporting element where “shall” indicates a required reporting element. Manufacturers of chemicals benefit by using NSF/GCI /ANSI 355 to develop one comprehensive report to satisfy many different requests for information from customers. This report s

27、erves as a basis for a normalized framework for business to business communication about chemicals throughout the supply chain. Users of chemicals benefit by receiving a certified NSF/GCI /ANSI 355 report that contains complete, up-to-date, verified information from their suppliers and may be used a

28、s a foundation for informed decision making. Comments on this Standard should be sent to NSF International, Standards Department, P.O. Box 130140, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140, USA or to standardsnsf.org. 2The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (A

29、NS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSIs requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements neces-sary for conformance to the Standard. This page is i

30、ntentionally left blank.1 2011 NSF NSF/GCI/ANSI 355 2011 NSF International and Green Chemistry Institute Standard for Greener Chemicals and Processes Information Gate-to-gate information on chemical products and their manufacturing processes 1 General 1.1 Purpose The purpose of the Greener Chemicals

31、 and Processes Information Standard is to provide the chemical enterprise with a voluntary and standardized way to define and report the primary categories of information, their respective data elements, and data quality objectives pertaining to the relative greenness of a chemical product and its m

32、anufacturing process within one stage (i.e., gate-to-gate, as defined in 4) of its life cycle. This information shall be provided by suppliers to communicate clearly, with transparency and consistency, to help customers evaluate the relative greenness of a chemical product and process. The intent is

33、 for this information to be informative to life cycle assessments, but is not a life cycle assessment itself. The Standard further stipulates reporting a minimum set of social responsibility criteria that are applied to the product and process claiming conformance. For the purposes of this Standard,

34、 greener refers to the relative measure of ecosystem and human health impacts of a chemical and its process when compared to the same or similar chemical and its process. 1.2 Scope This Standard applies to products and processes at facilities in any global location(s). Corporate-level aspects such a

35、s social responsibility apply irrespective of the location of the corporate headquarters, business incorporation, or facilities associated with the conforming product and process. Facility-level aspects are limited to only those facilities where the conforming product and process is located. Each da

36、ta element shall be addressed for both the conforming product and the process used to manufacture the product as specified by conformance pathways (optional or required) described in each section. The scope of the Standard is limited to gate-to-gate (as defined in 4) or the molecular transformation

37、phase of the chemical product and its processes and is depicted in 2.2.3 Establishing Process Boundaries. 2011 NSF NSF/GCI/ANSI 355 2011 2 1.3 Guiding premises This Standard was developed based on the following important premises: 1) Reporting in conformance with this Standard is voluntary. 2) Data

38、and information reported in this Standard are intended to be relevant, accurate, verifiable, and obtained, where practical, using standard methods so that users can compare reports reliably. 3) To the extent practical, this Standard is designed to draw from information collected and reported for oth

39、er purposes, thereby minimizing the additional burden for the user. 4) The use of a standard set of parameters can enhance communications between suppliers and customers. This enables improved decisions about chemical product choices and can lead to and build momentum for innovation in product desig

40、n, development, manufacture, use, reclamation, and disposal. 5) Chemical products and processes should be designed considering improved material and energy efficiency (inputs and outputs) as well as inherent properties. The environmental footprint of a chemical product is related to both the inheren

41、t properties of the chemical product itself and the environmental impact of the process(es) used to manufacture that chemical product. 6) Greener chemical products should be designed to preserve efficacy of function, meet customer specifications and requirements, and provide value and benefits to so

42、ciety, while reducing negative health and environmental impacts. Long-term, sustained acceptance and use of greener chemical product and process innovations in the marketplace depends upon meeting customer performance specifications. 7) End of life disposition should be considered during the design

43、of the product. The design of chemical products should consider intended use and expected product life time, targeted durability, and reuse, recycle or beneficial disposition with the goal of getting the full functional potential during every product life stage. 8) Consideration of life cycle attrib

44、utes throughout the value chain fosters an evaluation of long term impacts and can further stimulate the search for innovative chemical products and processes. 9) Although the Standard focuses on the gate-to-gate reporting of the user, it is intended to encourage continual improvement throughout the

45、 supply chain and to avoid shifting the health and environmental burden either between environmental media or up and down the value chain. 10) Although the Standard focuses on the inherent properties of a chemical product, it is recognized that the impact of these inherent properties should be evalu

46、ated in context of the exposure potential of each application and use of that chemical product. 11) Greener chemicals and processes shall not be developed at the detriment of employees or the public at large. 1.4 Relationship with laws and regulations This Standard assumes compliance with all applic

47、able laws and regulations. Some elements of the Standard address activities that are subject to regulation and are included here because they are key considerations for identifying greener products and processes. The Standard does not change the regulatory requirements nor does it prescribe how comp

48、liance is to be achieved. Documentation of 2011 NSF NSF/GCI/ANSI 355 2011 3 compliance with certain key regulations may be included in some sections of the Standard; however this does not change the underlying regulatory requirements. 1.5 International trade aspects The procedures and requirements i

49、ncluded within this Standard have been prepared, adopted, or applied with a view to avoid obstacles to international trade. 2 Conformance Requirements 2.1 Purpose One objective of this Standard is to establish a set of verifiable and accurate data on chemical products and their manufacturing processes. This information is intended to be reported in a gate-to-gate, business-to-business communication to improve life cycle thinking and result in informed decisions on selecting greener chemical products in the business