[医学类试卷]2016年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2016 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）At ten next Wednesday.（B） At three next Wednesday.（C） At ten next Monday.（D）At three next Monday. （A）A dull pain.（B） A piercing pain.（C） A burning pain.（D）A numb pain. （A）He is going to get married.（B） He is going to get his bachelors degree.（C） He will count on t

2、he woman for help.（D）He will bring his own booze to the party. （A）Pizza is her favorite food.（B） Pizza is her second choice.（C） She dislikes the mans idea.（D）She couldnt agree with the man more. （A）Jacks girlfriend is mad at him.（B） Jack has fallen in love with Debra.（C） Debra is prettier than Jacks

3、 girl friend.（D）Jack wants to break up with his girlfriend. （A）It will rain soon.（B） Its right to be prepared.（C） She is worried about the weather.（D）To be safe, theyd better stay at home. （A）He is a great big-wave surfer.（B） He is a trouble-maker.（C） He is a nice guy.（D）He is very weird. （A）$60（B）

4、$40（C） $360.（D）30（A）Quit smoking.（B） Go jogging every morning.（C） Work out in the gym.（D）Go on a diet. （A）100.（B） 232.（C） 132.（D）332（A）Mary isnt his type.（B） He fell in love with Mary at first sight.（C） Mary was not pretty enough.（D）He wont teach Mary chemistry. （A）Play tennis.（B） Take out the trash

5、.（C） Play computer games.（D）Go to court for a lawsuit. （A）In the school.（B） At school.（C） In the hospital.（D）To the dorm. （A）She is seriously ill.（B） She has to look after her husband at home.（C） She will persuade her husband to go to hospital.（D）She will be taken good care of by her sister and daug

6、hter. （A）She makes a living now as a dressmaker.（B） She makes a living now as a landlady.（C） She worries a lot about her health.（D）She now lives on her pension. 二、Section B（A）A duodenal ulcer.（B） A stomach ulcer.（C） A mouth ulcer.（D）A skin ulcer. （A）Have an operation.（B） Try medical means.（C） See a

7、psychiatrist.（D）Be off work for a while. （A）Overweight.（B） Smoking.（C） Heredity.（D）Stress. （A）He is a light smoker.（B） He is a casual smoker.（C） He is a heavy smoker.（D）He is a moderate smoker. （A）Stop smoking.（B） Have a surgery.（C） Eat regularly and exercise more.（D）Make an appointment with Dr. Oak

8、es. （A）He is a man who has a gene of longevity.（B） He is a professor at Boston University.（C） He is the owner of the website Time. com.（D）He is the creator of a website on longevity. （A）Women dont like red meat as much as men.（B） The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.（C） Women devel

9、op cardiovascular disease much later than men.（D）The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in women. （A）In their 50s and 60s.（B） In their 60s and 70s.（C） In their 70s and 80s.（D）In their 80s and 90s. （A）Calcium.（B） Iodine.（C） Zinc.（D）Iron. （A）The reason why red meat is harmful to health.

10、（B） The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.（C） Another possibility for womens longevity.（D）The important role iron plays in cellular reactions. （A）He was the owner of a grocery store.（B） He was a convict laboring at a junkyard.（C） He struggled under the strain of poverty.（D）He lived happily wi

11、th his wife and three kids. （A）He is a stockbroker.（B） He is an investment advisor.（C） He is the manager of a mutual fund.（D）He is a teacher at local community college. （A）Indecision.（B） Arrogance.（C） Ignorance.（D）Fear. （A）He began teaching on investment at college.（B） He began reading investment bo

12、oks and then began practicing.（C） He began learning how to become a successful stockbroker.（D）He began investing big money in a mutual fund each month. （A）Man errs as long as he strives.（B） Failure is the mother of success.（C） Where there is a will, there is a way.（D）The good seaman is known in bad

13、weather. 三、Section A31 Employers have a legal obligation to pay_to their workers for injuries.（A）compensation（B） compromise（C） commodity（D）consumption32 The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to_.（A）alleviate（B） aggravate（C） extinguish（D）intervene33 But despite al

14、l the legal hustle and bustle, they dont actually expect to_death sentences to life terms without parole.（A）induce（B） convert（C） revive（D）swerve34 To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat_food and get sufficient exercise.（A）integral（B） gross（C） wholesome（D）intact35 The Central Government

15、s pledge to maintain the_and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.（A）provision（B） prosperity（C） privilege（D）preference36 It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be_as a result of bed shortages“.（A）facilitated（B） forfei

16、ted（C） fulfilled（D）furnished37 The cause of his death has been a mystery and_unknown so far.（A）exclusively（B） superficially（C） utterly（D）doubtfully38 It is known that some ways of using resources_can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.（A）recklessly（B） sparingly（C） sensibly（D）

17、incredibly39 Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through_water.（A）filtered（B） distilled（C） contaminated（D）purified40 We welcome him not_as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.（A）by the way（B） at all events（C） by no means（D）in any sense四、Section B41 In any e

18、vent, lethal injections are under federal scrutiny.（A）sanction（B） restriction（C） census（D）examination42 The humble tomato could become a(n) potent weapon in the fight against prostate cancer.（A）inexpensive（B） powerful（C） conventional（D）lethal43 Mens perception of the amount of caregiving they do is

19、completely at odds.（A）in tune with（B） in favor of（C） for the sake of（D）in disagreement with44 Huangshan Mountain is eminent for its natural scenery and deserves a visit.（A）renowned（B） notorious（C） popular（D）mysterious45 Obesity is a condition perpetuated by a diversity of factors.（A）severity（B） reli

20、ability（C） variety（D）specificity46 He is usually well-behaved, this rudeness is only a (n) lapse.（A）error（B） sin（C） guilt（D）offense47 Did you detect a touch of jaundice in her remark?（A）grievance（B） sympathy（C） jealousy（D）indignation48 In 1912, German doctors attempted to treat children who had unde

21、ractive thyroids with normal thyroid cells, but to little avail.（A）by no means（B） in vain（C） of no account（D）at stake49 To many observers, he spent his wealth lavishly.（A）fearlessly（B） conspicuously（C） wastefully（D）ferociously50 At present, no medical therapy is known to affect progressions of rheum

22、atic mitral stenosis.（A）deterioration（B） accumulation（C） expansion（D）promotion五、Part Cloze50 Humans are the only species known to have consciousness, awareness that we have brains and bodies【C1】_adaptability that we can affect the course our lives take, that we can make choices【C2】_that vastly affec

23、t the quality of our livesbiologically, intellectually, environmentally, and spiritually. As humans, we have the ability to mold our【C3】_beings to become what or who we wish to become. While some of us may,【C4】_, have genetic and biological imperatives that may require medication or training to over

24、come, or at least to modulate, the vast majority of us do, in fact, hold our emotional【C5】_in our hands. All that【C6】_, until the last decade, scientists believed that the human brain and its connections were formed during gestation and infancy and remained【C7】_unchanged through childhood. They beli

25、eved that humans had a given number of neurons in a specific brain structure, and【C8】_the number might vary among people, once you were done with childhood development, you were set in this【C9】_. Your connections were already made, and the learning and growing period of your brain was over. In the l

26、ast decade, however, researchers have found【 C10】_evidence that this is not so, and that something called neuroplasticity continues throughout our lives.51 【C1 】（A）careful about（B） capable of（C） accessible to（D）susceptible to52 【C2 】（A）in the event（B） in an attempt（C） at the moment（D）along the way53

27、 【C3 】（A）exclusive（B） very（C） just（D）exact54 【C4 】（A）indeed（B） however（C） moreover（D）therefore55 【C5 】（A）demonstration（B） dimension（C） destiny（D）determination56 【C6 】（A）has been said（B） being said（C） was said（D）is said57 【C7 】（A）more or less（B） pretty much（C） as ever（D）if any58 【C8 】（A）while（B） desp

28、ite（C） nevertheless（D）since59 【C9 】（A）case（B） mold（C） sense（D）condition60 【C10 】（A）different（B） similar（C） insufficient（D）significant六、Part Reading Comprehension60 Parents are on a journey of discovery with each child whose temperament, biology, and sleep habits result in a unique sleep-wake pattern

29、. It can be frustrating when childrens sleep habits do not conform to the household schedule. Helping the child develop good sleep habits in childhood takes time and parental attention, but it will have beneficial results throughout life. An understanding of the changing patterns of the typical slee

30、p-wake cycle in children will help alleviate any unfounded concerns. Maintaining a sleep diary for each child will provide the parents with baseline information in assessing the nature and severity of childhood sleep problems. Observant patents will come to recognize unusual sleep disruptions or tho

31、se that persist or intensify. Developmental changes throughout childhood bring differences in the sleep-wake cycle and in the type and frequency of parasomnias that may interrupt sleep. Medical consultation to rule out illness, infection of injury is prudent if the childs sleep problems prevent adeq

32、uate sleep and result in an ongoing sleep deficit. As reported by News-Medical in Child Health News, childrens sleep problems should be taken seriously as they may be a “marker for predicting later risk of early adolescent substance use. In the same article University of Michigan psychiatry professo

33、r Kirk Brower, who has studied “the interplay of alcohol and sleep in adults“ stressed that “The finding does not mean theres a cause-and-effect relationship. “Consultation with a child psychologist may be helpful if frightening dreams intensify and become more frequent as this may indicate a partic

34、ular problem or life circumstance that needs to be changed or one that the child may need extra help working through. Most childhood sleep disturbance will diminish over time as the brain matures and a regular sleep-wake cycle is established. Parental guidance is crucial to the development of health

35、y sleep habits in children.61 To have a journey of discovery with each child, according to the passage, is_.（A）to discover their unique sleep-wake cycles（B） to follow their behavioral preferences（C） to alleviate their sleeping problems（D）to explore their asset62 In the first paragraph, the author su

36、ggests that parents_.（A）seek professional consultation for their childs sleep problem（B） adjust their household schedule to the childs sleeping habit（C） take their childs unfounded concerns into consideration（D）keep a diary on sleep pattern for their child63 Where there exists a “marker“ in the chil

37、d, according to the passage_.（A）it might lead to his or her early substance use（B） he or she will carry it all his or her life（C） it might interrupt his or her sleep pattern（D）he or she is destined to be an alcoholic64 What is the author trying to tell us in the third paragraph?（A）It takes time to c

38、ombat sleeping problem in children.（B） Sometimes parents need to seek professional assistance.（C） Parents cannot afford to neglect their childs sleeping problem.（D）Much importance should be attached to the childs life circumstance. 65 What is the main idea of the passage?（A）Child sleep disturbance a

39、nd its future impact.（B） Child sleep disturbance and its family history.（C） Parents role in building their childs healthy sleeping habit.（D）A psychological perspective on sleep disturbance in children. 65 The United States and England each has a majorand uniquehealth-care challenge, according to a s

40、tudy comparing the health of senior citizens in the two countries. The study, conducted by researchers from RAND Corporation in the United States and Institute for Fiscal Studies in the United Kingdom, found that disease and health disorder incidence was higher among U. S. senior citizens, but morta

41、lity rates were higher among English senior citizens. Americans aged 65 and older have almost twice the rate of diabetes found among their English counterparts and more than double the rate of cancer. Nevertheless, death rate among Americans 65 and older is lower. “Americans are a sicker group of pe

42、ople who tend to live longer, “ says James Smith, a study co-author. He attributes the U. S. health problems to lifestyle factors, including poor eating habits and inadequate exercise. Americans tend to eat much larger servings of food, for example, “There is what I call an American plate. When we g

43、o to a restaurant, its a plate I cant even eat any more. Its a plate with so much food on if its not even appealing to me. “Smith also says that English adults are generally much more physically active than Americans. Biking and walking are much common in everyday life in England. He observes that “

44、there is a lot of walking in London, and there is a lot of bicycle riding. I dont see people in downtown Los Angeles on their bicycles“. On the other hand, Englands problem is that doctors fail to diagnose serious conditions early enough. American doctors tend to screen patients for cancer, diabetes

45、, and other illnesses more frequently. Smith notes “American medicine is much more aggressive. It leads to high costs, but it has benefits, too“.66 The studys results indicated_.（A）an urgent call for health promotion among English and American senior citizens（B） health disparities between English an

46、d American senior citizens（C） a close relation between disease incidence and mortality rate（D）a significant rise in mortality rates among senior citizens67 Which of the following is a unique health care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with their American counterparts?（A）A higher

47、death rate.（B） A higher rate of cancer.（C） A higher incidence of disease.（D）A lower tendency to have diabetes. 68 What does James Smith imply by an American plate?（A）A sedentary American lifestyles.（B） American junk foods on the table.（C） A large portion of food consumed by Americans.（D）Severe malnu

48、trition among American senior citizens. 69 The Americans unique health-care challenge according to James Smith, is derived from_.（A）their unusual forms of physical activities（B） their different geographic location（C） their genetic likelihood of obesity（D）their unhealthy lifestyle factors70 Even thou

49、gh it is much more aggressive, the American medicine_.（A）better improves the quality of life among its senior citizens（B） benefits more seniors who need medical care（C） facilitates its senior citizens to live longer（D）helps its senior citizens live healthier70 Less meat and dairy in our diets could help reduce agricultural greenhouse gases by as much as 80% by 2055, according to a recent study by the Potsdam Institute for