[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编11及答案与解析.doc

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1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 11 及答案与解析一、翻译1 UNEP2 At every turn, we see cutting edge ideas and technology, born perhaps in a college laboratory or a library, through the spark of a professor, the curiosity of a student, the dynamism of a classroom. The United Nations understands the enormous impact of schol

2、arship, innovation and ideas. We are trying to harness that great power to build a better world. A world where human ingenuity will make our homes, communities and consumption patterns socially and environmentally sustainable. A world where research receives the funding and support it needs to defea

3、t disease, deprivation and despair. A world where the“ unlearning“ of intolerance will bridge barriers that still divide nations and peoples.Promoting and advancing these goals is the essence of the United Nations Academic Impact. We have been laying the groundwork for this initiative for some time

4、now, with great support from the academic community. It will help serve as a clearing house to better match academic innovation with particular areas of work of the United Nations neglected areas of research, countries in need of specific help, research that will help deliver concrete change on the

5、ground, and the best ideas to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. We can do together in the future. The UN and the academic community already enjoy a strong partnership. Academic Impact will deepen it further for the twenty-first century. We know about corporate social responsibility i

6、n the business world. The Academic Impact aims to generate a global movement of minds to promote a new culture of “intellectual social responsibility. “It is animated by a commitment to certain bedrock principles. Among them: freedom of inquiry, opinion and speech, educational opportunity for all, g

7、lobal citizenship, sustainability and dialogue. The United Nations stands ready to be an active partner with you in ensuring that your knowledge, skills and scholarship advance our universal goals of peace, development and human rights. Thank you for coming together in support of these noble goals.3

8、 European monetary integration4 fuel economic growth 5 junk bond6 caller ID telephone7 parkinsonism 8 solar cell plate9 open-ended fund10 Gallup Poll11 conditions-based withdrawal12 ATM13 HDTV14 IDD15 CPI16 ASAP17 APEC18 英汉互译：英译汉。(国际关系学院英语笔译、口译专业 2011 研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)I established a new High Level Pan

9、el on Global Sustainability, co-chaired by the Presidents of Finland and South Africa. I am sure you will be pleased to know that Administrator of the China Meteorological Administration, and a distinguished alumnus of this university, is a member of the Panel. I have asked this Panel to offer a vis

10、ion for sustainable development and prosperity for a planet under increasing pressure. I have asked them to find integrated solutions to the global challenges of poverty, climate change, water, food, and energy security. These problems are interconnected. The Panel will report back by the end of 201

11、1. Its work will venture into many issues, many sectors, many cross-cutting areas. I have asked the Panel members to think big, to be bold and ambitious not to shy away from controversy. And I have asked them to be strategic and practical. Their recommendations must be politically viable and lead to

12、 tangible progress. Their findings will feed into intergovernmental processes, such as the climate change negotiations. They will play a key part in the Rio 2012 Earth Summit, twenty years after world leaders agreed on Agenda 21, our blueprint for sustainable development.We are seeing some progress

13、on important issues, such as adaptation, technology cooperation and steps to reduce deforestation. I also believe there has been some progress on financing, both on mobilizing 30 billion dollars of fast-start funding over the next three years and also on the 100 billion dollars a year envisioned by

14、2020. I am, however, concerned about slow progress in other areas. Among them: setting mitigation targets, monitoring and verification , and the future of the Kyoto Protocol. We must not allow momentum to stall. We must not jeopardize the gains we have made.The UNFCCC process must go forward in Canc

15、un in December. I am therefore calling on all member states, all governments of the world to work together in a spirit of compromise and common sense. Progress on adaptation, technology cooperation, deforestation and finance can achieve powerful results, results that can offer hope and change the li

16、ves of hundreds of millions of people, particularly the worlds poorest and most vulnerable.19 Please translate the following English into Chinese(国际关系学院 2010 研，考试科目：英语综合(英汉互译)Understanding Key Economic IndicatorsIn these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it

17、is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situatio

18、n and an insight into the future.Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product(GDP)is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Produc

19、t = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports -Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under Consumption, construction spending under Investment, to name a few. There are also indicators that are broader that tel

20、l us about the economy itself rather than the component, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures(M3). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index(PPI)and the Consumer Price Index(CPI)will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer(retail)goods and

21、 services respectively.An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the accurate components of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical fig

22、ures too.Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3 , 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change

23、 in trend and whether a new direction is under way.Timeliness of an indicator is also significant. Although the reported figures are important, it is crucial to recognize that markets react to the variance to the consensus forecast than to the absolute change in the indicator. Markets do not like su

24、rprises and can be frustrated with volatility upon subsequent revisions to the numbers published, even though significance of the absolute number diminishes with each passing month.In the U. S. , together with the monthly employment report released on the first Friday of the month, an important surv

25、ey by U. S. National Association of Purchasing Management(NAPM)is released within the first three business day of the mouth, which tracks the economic movements fairly well. These two reports are considered by many as valuable adjunct to the Commerce Departments index of leading indicators.The Index

26、 of Leading Economic Indicators(LEI)in the U. S. acts as an early warning system, telling us whenthe economy is about to change direction. This composite index of 11 leading indicators has a good record of providing accurate forecasts. The total index performs better as a prediction tool than any of

27、 its parts. This monthly figure is available on the last business day of the month. As a general rule, turning points in the economy are signalled by three consecutive months of LEI changes in the same direction. This leading indicator is like a lighthouse, giving the rest of the world economies a g

28、limpse of the direction of the worlds largest economy.20 English into Chinese Translation(外交学院 2007 研，考试科目：翻译)The new environmental health problems are multiple-created by radiation in all its forms, born of the never-ending stream of chemicals of which pesticides are a part, chemicals now pervading

29、 the world in which we live, acting upon us directly and indirectly, separately and collectively. Their presence casts a shadow that is no less ominous because it is formless and obscure, no less frightening because it is simply impossible to predict the effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and

30、physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of man.“ We all live under the haunting fear that something may corrupt the environment to the point where man joins the dinosaurs as an obsolete form of life, “says Dr. David Price of the United States Public Health Service. “And what m

31、akes these thoughts all the more disturbing is the knowledge that our fate could perhaps be sealed twenty or more years before the development of symptoms. “Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now contaminate soil, water and food, that they have

32、the power to make our streams Ashless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however, much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?We know that even single exposures to these chemica

33、ls, if the amount is large enough, can precipitate acute poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, spraymen, pilots, and others exposed to appreciable quantities of pesticides are tragic and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more

34、concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly contaminate our world.Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that are hazard to the individual may depen

35、d on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shrug off what may seem to us a vague threat of future disaster. “ Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious manifestations, “says a wise p

36、hysician, Dr. Rene Dubos, yet some of their worst enemies creep on them unobtrusively.英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 11 答案与解析一、翻译1 【正确答案】 联合国环境规划署2 【正确答案】 我们的周围时刻发生着变化，产生着新发明。无论在校园实验室里，还是在大学图书馆中，教授们的思想火花，学生们的好奇善问，课堂的活力互动常常孕育出最前沿的理念和技术。联合国十分清楚知识、创新和理念的巨大作用。我们正努力利用这些巨大的能量来建造一个更美好的世界。在这个世界里，人类的聪明才智将会发挥作用，我们将建造新型

37、的家园和社区，使用社会可持续发展和环境可持续发展的消费模式。在这里，人们将投入更多的资金，加大对研究的支持，努力消除贫困、减少饥饿、增强信心。在这里人们将更加宽容，分割不同国家和民族之间的壁垒将减少。本届学术影响力国际研讨会的核心便是推动这些目标的实现。为了促成这个项目的展开，在学术界的支持下，我们已经做了一些时日的准备工作，奠定了基础。将学术创新与联合国工作的特定领域(却被研究忽略的领域)，与需要特殊援助的相关国家，与能产生具体变化的研究，与实现 2015 年千年发展目标的最好方式相结合，起到了“结算中心 ”的作用。我们在未来可以携手合作，共同面对。联合国与学术界已经建立了强有力的伙伴关系。

38、“学术影响力” 将在 21 世纪进一步加深这一关系。我们了解商界企业的社会责任是什么。“学术影响力” 旨在通过创立全球论坛，集合最有智慧的思想，支持“ 知识社会责任 ”的新文化建设。对一些基本原则的坚持，则使其更具活力。这些原则包括：提出询问的自由，发表言论与观点的自由，所有人获得教育的权利，全球公民身份的获得，可持续发展和发展对话。联合国愿意积极与各位合作，确保你们的知识、技能、学识能够得到应用，推动实现维护和平、促进发展和保障人权的共同目标。3 【正确答案】 欧洲货币一体化4 【正确答案】 拉动经济增长5 【正确答案】 垃圾债券6 【正确答案】 来电显示电话机7 【正确答案】 帕金森症8

39、【正确答案】 太阳能电池板9 【正确答案】 开放式基金10 【正确答案】 盖洛普民意测验11 【正确答案】 有条件撤军12 【正确答案】 自动提款机13 【正确答案】 高清晰度电视14 【正确答案】 国际直拨长途电话15 【正确答案】 消费者物价指数16 【正确答案】 尽快17 【正确答案】 亚太经贸合作组织18 【正确答案】 我与芬兰总统、南非总统共同主持了新一届的全球可持续问题高级别小组。中国气象局局长也是这个高级小组的成员，并且，让大家感到高兴的是，他也是贵校的一位杰出校友。地球所承受的压力越来越大，我已经提请小组就地球的可持续发展和繁荣建言献策。我也请求小组寻求综合解决方案，来应对贫穷

40、、气候变化、水资源短缺、食品危机以及能源安全等各种全球性挑战。这些问题是相互联系的。小组将在 2011 年年底发表报告。小组的工作将涉及诸多问题、诸多领域以及很多交叉学科领域。我要求小组成员放开思维，大胆进取，不要逃避争议。同时，也要具备战略眼光，踏实工作。他们的建议必须在政治上可行，取得实实在在的进步。其成果将在政府间交流中得到讨论，例如，气候变化谈判。他们将在2012 年里约地球峰会上发挥重要作用，届时，距离各国领导人签署 21 世纪议程可持续发展蓝图，已经过去了 20 年。我们非常高兴地看到，在许多重要问题上，诸如适应发展、技术合作、减少采伐森林等，我们已经取得了一些进步。我也相信，资金

41、支持上也已取得了进步，例如，在未来三年内将激活 300 亿美元的快速启动资金；并且，到 2020 年前，每年投入资金预计将达到 1，000 亿美元。然而，我也对其他一些领域进展缓慢而感到担忧。包括，设立减排目标、监督核查机制以及京都议定书的有效期问题等。我们一定要保持目前的发展势头，一定要保护已经取得的成绩。将于十二月在坎昆举行的气候大会，必须推进联合国气候变化框架公约。为此，我呼吁所有成员国政府以及世界上所有政府携手努力，发扬互谅互让的精神。我们在适应新发展、技术合作，减少森林砍伐以及加大投资力度等问题上取得的进步带来了很多有力的成果。这些成果带给我们希望，可以改变亿万人民的生活，尤其是改变

42、世界上最贫穷、最脆弱人民的生活。19 【正确答案】 了解主要经济指标在目前这种时期，当市场愈加变幻莫测、波动也越来越大的时候，了解关于市场的专业术语就变得尤为重要，只有这样才能更好地进行投资和做出商业决定。了解主要经济指标传达的信息将有助于决策，这些信息包括当前的经济状况以及未来可能出现的情况。每个经济指标都能告诉我们一些有关经济或通货膨胀的信息，其中国内生产总值最为重要，它作为整个框架，其他的经济指标均受其影响。经济类课本将国民生产总值的公式列为：国民生产总值=消费+ 投资+政府开支 +出口一进口。一些经济指标可归为以上类别，比如，零售销售数字属于消费部分，建筑开支属投资部分等。从一些更宽泛

43、的指标可以看出经济本身状况，而不是经济各组成部分的情况，比如，就业指数、先行指标和货币供应M3。通胀率、生产物价指数PPI和消费物价指数CPI分别可以让我们从中把握批发价格、零售价格及服务价格的变化情况。经济指标必须准确、及时和可靠，才能发挥作用。经济指标是否有用完全取决于全国相关的统计系统是否完善。知道指标是由哪些成分构成也至关重要。不仅如此，我们应当注意，这些统计数字也有其局限性。某些指标也许会过时或是剧烈波动，因此降低了它们的价值。所以，较好的做法是把最新数据与之前几个月份的进行比较，或者是利用之前 3 个月、6 个月或是 12个月的平均数来平衡数据。我们将会知道是否能出现明显的趋势变化

44、或者在朝新的方向发展。指标的及时性也相当重要。虽然公布的数字很重要，但我们应该注意到的一点是，市场一般不是对绝对数字做出反应，而是要看这个数字与市场的平均预测相差有多大。市场不喜欢“ 惊喜” ，也不喜欢对已经公布的数字进行修改而造成波动，即使数字的重要性会随着时间的推移而降低。在美国，还有两个重要经济指标，一个是每月第一个星期五公布的就业报告；另一个是每月月初的前三个工作日内公布的全美采购经理指数，后者能相当准确地反映经济的变化。这两份报告是美国商务部的先行经济指数的一部分，所以很多人非常重视。美国的先行经济指数(LEI)可以作为预警系统，从中可以看出经济何时将发生转向。先行经济指数是先行指标

45、的合成指数，包括 11 个先行指标，一直以来都能提供精确的预测。先行经济指数要比每个先行指标精确。一般情况下，这个数字在每月最后一个工作日公布。通常，如果连续 3 个月先行经济指数朝一个方向转变，这便是经济正在转向的预兆。先行指标就好似灯塔，让世界其他经济体可以从中窥探到美国这个世界最大经济体的走向。20 【正确答案】 各式各样的辐射导致多种新的环境健康问题。大量的化学物质是产生辐射的元凶，而杀虫剂便是其中之一。各种化学品正充斥着我们生存的环境，它们或直接或间接，或分散或集中地作用于人类，并投下一团既危险又让人恐惧的阴霾危险是因为它无形且隐蔽，让人恐惧是因为人类一生都要暴露在不属于人类生活的化

46、学品和物理因子之下，而无法预测其对人体的影响。美国公共健康中心的大卫?普莱斯博士指出：“ 我们都战战兢兢地活着，生怕环境恶化到使人类也像恐龙那样被灭绝的地步。而使人类更为困扰的是，我们知道，在环境急剧恶化之前的二十几年，人类的命运就被注定了。”杀虫剂是如何造成环境危害的呢?我们已经看到，杀虫剂污染了土壤、水与食物，具有的破坏力令小溪中鱼虾绝迹，令我们的花园和林地不再有鸟鸣而陷入沉寂。而人类不论怎样想伪装成自然的主人，但终究是自然的一部分。人们能够从这个完全被污染侵蚀的世界中逃离出去吗?我们知道，即便只是单纯暴露在这些化学制剂中，只要剂量足够大，也会引起人急性中毒。但这还不是主要问题。农民、喷剂工人、飞行员及其他接触大量杀虫剂的人会突然发病或者死亡，这种悲剧不应该发生。它们正在无形中污染着我们的世界，对所有人来说，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果。负责公众卫生的官员指出，化学物质对人体的影响是经过长期累积产生的，而它对个体的危害则取决于一生中与其接触的多少。正是由于这些原因，潜在的危险很容易被忽视。由于人类的本性，人类会忽视可能在将来会造成灾难的威胁。睿智的内科医生雷尼? 杜博斯博士说： “天性使然，人们只重视有明显症状的疾病，然而一些最危险的敌人已经毫不客气地来到了人们身边。”