[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷291及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 291 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 At the Museum of Sex in New York City, artificial-intelligence researcher David Levy projected a mock image on a screen of a smiling bride in a wedding

2、dress holding hands with a short robot groom. “Why not marry a robot? Look at this happy couple,“ he said to a laughing crowd.When Levy was then asked whether anyone who would want to marry a robot was deceived, his face grew serious. “If the alternative is that you are lonely and sad and miserable,

3、 is it not better to find a robot that claims to love you and acts like it loves you?“ Levy responded. “Does it really matter, if youre a happier person?“ In his 2007 book, Love and Sex with Robots, Levy contends that sex, love and even marriage between humans and robots are coming soon and, perhaps

4、, are even desirable. “I know some people think the idea is totally peculiar,“ he says. “But I am totally convinced its inevitable.“The 62-year-old London native has not reached this conclusion on a whim. Levys academic love affair with computing began in his last year of university, during the vacu

5、um-tube era. That is when he broadened his horizons beyond his passion for chess. “Back then people wrote chess programs to simulate human thought processes,“ he recalls. He later became engrossed in writing programs to carry on intelligent conversations with people, and then he explored the way hum

6、ans interact with computers, a topic for which he earned his decorate last year from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands.Over the decades, Levy notes, interactions between humans and robots have become increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially found work, say, building cars in a fa

7、ctory, they have now moved into the home in the form of Roomba the robotic vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo.Science-fiction fans have witnessed plenty of action between humans and characters portraying artificial life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek f

8、ranchise or the Cylons from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy is betting that a lot of people will fall in love with such devices. Programmers can tailor the machines to match a persons interests or render them some what disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relation

9、ship. “Its not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that people will fall in love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and convincing simulations can have a remarkable effect on people,“ he says.1 In the opening paragraph, the snapshot at the Museum of Sex serves to（A）introd

10、uce the topic.（B） provide a background.（C） explain a phenomenon.（D）summarize the main idea.2 David Levy would most probably agree that（A）the idea of a human marrying a robot is totally crazy.（B） deception might result in a human marrying a robot.（C） robots can be created capable of loving just as hu

11、mans do.（D）it is not impossible for a human to marry a robot.3 The phrase “on a whim“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means（A）in haste.（B） all of a sudden.（C） on his own.（D）out of the blue.4 Roomba, Tamagotchis, and the Sony Aibo are mentioned to show that（A）the development of robots is really fas

12、cinating.（B） robots have made their contributions to housework.（C） robots have been transferred from factories to homes.（D）humans have developed a more personal relationship with robots.5 In Levys view, why should the robots be made somewhat disagreeable?（A）To match the interests of human beings.（B）

13、 To make them as sentimental as human beings.（C） To vividly imitate a relationship.（D）To improve the accuracy of their performances.5 As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resumefor example, claiming a degree when theyre three credits shy of graduationseem harmless enough.

14、So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have ruined so many high-profile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasnt got the message. A resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson

15、, CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee.The headlines havent dented job seekers desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-che

16、cking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. he about their education on their resumes.Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects to igniting sh

17、areholder wrathand thats if the lie is found out. Even when it isnt, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior.“Theres a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,“ says Richard Griffith, director of the in

18、dustrial and organizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. “If someone says they have a degree and they dont, Id have little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.“Employers fears have sparked a boom in the background-screen

19、ing industry. But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employers are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening through automated criminal checks. With th

20、is increased alertness comes a thorny new dilemma: figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel that a workers track record on the job speaks more strongly than a stretched resume, says John Challenger of the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray a second offence will p

21、ut them out of business. Even the governor admits the bill is too broadly drawn and will be hard to enforce. She signed it, she explained, because the federal government has shown itself to be incapable of dealing with illegal immigration.One in ten workers in Arizona is illegal, according to the Pe

22、w Hispanic Centre. So the law, if rigorously enforced, could disrupt the states economy, which suggests it will not be. One landscape gardener in Scottsdale who worked illegally for three decades and now pays illegal workers $7 an hour thinks the measure is ridiculous. “Who else is going to pick let

23、tuces and trim trees in this heat?“ he asks, pointing to the sun on a 47C day. He has no plans to change his ways, and says he will simply move if he is caught.Laws such as Arizonas will make life more unpleasant and unpredictable for illegal workers. But they will not curtail either illegal immigra

24、tion or illegal working as much as supporters claim. In any case, the border has been so porous for so long that people now have plenty of reasons to steal across it other than work. Of five aspiring immigrants who spoke to the correspondent in Smugglers Gulch earlier this week, three were trying to

25、 join their families.16 We can learn from the opening paragraph that（A）people are misled by the name Smugglers Gulch.（B） Smugglers Gulch is the toughest entrance to steal into USA.（C） Rafael will continue his risky attempt to jump the fence.（D）Smugglers Gulch is secured by advanced tracking tools.17

26、 The bill abandoned by the Senate last week implies that（A）the cost to tackle illegal immigration has overrun budget.（B） political intrigues can deal with illegal immigration effectively.（C） the Senate once considered granting illegal immigrants more visas.（D）cities and states are pushed to put immi

27、gration laws into force.18 The governor of Arizona believes that（A）the newly-signed bill is more likely to become an empty talk.（B） deprivation of employment helps to drive illegal immigrants away.（C） the biggest difficulty of the bill lies in rigorous implementation.（D）discussion should be held to

28、make the broadly-drawn bill practical.19 In Paragraph 4, the landscape gardener in Scottsdale is mentioned to（A）display the ill-effect the bill has caused to Arizonas economy.（B） demonstrate illegal immigrants contribution to local society.（C） express illegal immigrants desperation about the measure

29、s to be taken.（D）reveal the bills inhumanity to those self-made illegal immigrants.20 In the authors opinion, the illegal immigration issue in America（A）calls for more forceful laws on illicit working.（B） derives from a long history and various reasons.（C） stems mainly from peoples longing for famil

30、y reunion.（D）brings illegal workers an unpleasant and unpredictable life.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 291 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。第一段描述一种设想，即人类在将来可能与机器人结婚，第二段则接着描述这一假设的可能性。可见

31、，文章提到的性博物馆是为了引出话题，A 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 观点态度题。句提到，Levy 认为人类与机器人之间的性与爱，甚至是婚姻，不久都会出现，故 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义理解题。该段讲述 Levy 是怎样开始研究人类与计算机互动的，由此可以猜测研究员下此结论并非奇思怪想、心血来潮，B 项“突然的”与之最为接近。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查例证细节。例证是为某一观点服务的。在第四段中，句为该段的主题句， 句为例证，句是为了说明句“人类

32、与机器人的互动变得越来越个性化”这个观点，故 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。why 提示此题问原因，如果在文中找不到明显的标志提示词(如 because，as 等)，可以在表目的原因的不定式 to 之后寻找答案。第五段句句末的不定式表明，让机器人不太完美可以为两性关系带来些应有的摩擦，会让人们爱上逼真的仿真人物(句) 。可见，让他们某些方面不如人意的原因是模拟真实的关系，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。举例一般是为了说明某一观点看法，因而要在例子前

33、面找答案。句说到许多高管因为简历造假而纷纷下马，可见 句的例子是为了举例说明句的情况。 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 句意理解题。题干所引述的句子为第二段首句，原文中其后的内容对其进行例证。根据句提供的数据 “在美国，约 14的求职者在简历中谎报受教育经历”，可推断出造假行为并没有因为新闻而消失，故 A 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段句作者列举了三种后果 “损害公司声誉、影响同事的正常工作和项目的正常进行以及引起股东的愤怒”，可得出 D 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A

34、节9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据第三段句以及第四段 Richard Griffith 所说的“如果一个人撒谎说他具有某种学历，我会很难相信他在财务报表等问题上能诚信办事”，可得出 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。句的 Rather than 表明老板们并没有开除优秀员工，其后提到的 a pardon period 就是 C 项的 a period of time to make remedy。可推断出 C 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析

35、】 事实细节题。由该句的上一句：fair play is especially important 可知，冒号后的内容是对其的进一步解析，因而 not cricket 应跳开字面意思来理解。在口语中，not cricket 指“不公正的”，即“没有它(fair)，生活将没有公平(isnt cricket)可言”，因而选 B 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章第二段主要谈论英国人的性格。该段句认为，英国人推崇的性格特征是 moderate(中庸温和的) ， 句后半部分又提到他们gesturing in a chin-up sort of way

36、(摆出乐观的姿态)，D 项的 modest“适中的”和optimistic“乐观的”分别与之对应，故 D 项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据人名定位到第四段。通过对该段句的分析，我们知道，当出现斗争(buffeting)时，政客们紧紧抓住“公平”这个词，句首的 Not surprising 表明他们紧抓“公平”一词的现象“不足为奇”，这就说明英政客们喜欢运用“公平”这个词，C 项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。最后一段的内容表明，因为“公平”宽泛的含义，特别是它包含了“自由”、“平等

37、”这一对矛盾的概念(句)，便于政客们利用其含糊不清的词义做文章(句破折号之间的内容 )，故不难判断 D 项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 是非细节题。考查全文。第三段明确提到公平也使女性受益(it does not discriminate on groundsof either gender or skin colour)，故 C 项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。答案在第一段句中。当 Rafael 被问及还会尝试多久时，他回答说“直到我成功越境”。由此可见，C 项是

38、正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 the Senate 定位到第二段。由句修饰 a bill 的定语从句可知，与 that 从句内容相吻合的选项即为答案。该句中的 allowed many illegal immigrants to obtain visas 与 C 项中的 grant illegal immigrants more visas同义，故选 C 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节18 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 Arizona 定位到第三、四段。第三段 句谈到了该州州长的看法，其中用到了 too br

39、owmy drawn(涉及范围过广)、hard to enforce(难以执行)这样的字眼，不难推断，新签署的法令也许难以实施。选 A 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节19 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。考查例证细节。第四段开头讲到了非法移民对亚利桑那州经济的作用，接着以 Scotts-dale 的园林设计师为例，通过他的经历和言语说明很多辛苦的工作只有非法移民才愿意做，因此 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。从最后一段句提到的 the border has been so porous for so long(边界线长久以来千疮百孔)及 plenty of reasons(许多理由)不难得出答案为 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节