[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷20及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 20 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Changes of American College Students Enrollment SystemIn an ideal world, the nations elite schools would enroll the most qualified students. But that
2、s not how it works. Applicants whose parents are alums get special treatment, as do athletes and rich kids. Underrepresented minorities are also given preference. Thirty years of affirmative action have changed the complexion of mostly white universities; now about 13 percent of all undergraduates a
3、re black or Latino. But most come from middle and upper-middle-class families. Poor kids of all ethnicities remain scarce. A recent study by the Century Foundation found that at the nations 146 most competitive schools, 74 percent of students came from upper-middle-class and wealthy families, while
4、only about 5 percent came from families with an annual income of roughly $ 35,000 or less.Many schools say diversityracial, economic and geographicis key to maintaining intellectually vital campuses. But Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation says that even though colleges claim they want poor
5、 kids, “they dont try very hard to find them.“ As for rural students, many colleges dont try at all. “Unfortunately, we go where we can generate a sizable number of potential applicants,“ says Tulane admissions chief Richard Whiteside, who recruits aggressively and in personfrom metropolitan areas.
6、Kids in rural areas get a glossy brochure in the mail.Even when poor rural students have the grades for top colleges, their high schools often dont know how to get them there. Admissions officers rely on guidance counselors to direct them to promising prospects. In affluent high schools, guidance co
7、unselors often have personal relationships with both kids and admissions officers. In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or even an alumnus “can help put rural students on our radar screen“, says Wesleyan admissions dean Nancy Meislahn. But poor rural schools rarely have college advisers with those
8、 connections; without them, admission “can be a crapshoot“, says Carnegie Mellons Steidel.In the past few years some schools have begun to open that door a little wider. At MIT its something of a mission for Marilee Jones, the dean of admissions. Twenty years ago, 25 percent of each MIT class were f
9、irst-generation college goers from poor backgrounds who used the celebrated engineering school as a ticket out of the blue-collar world. Five years ago, when that number dipped below 10 percent, Jones began scouring the country for bright kids, and then paired the potential applicants with MIT facul
10、ty and students who could answer questions about college life. In four years Jones has doubled the number of poor first-generation students at MIT.1 According to the passage, American schools_.(A)favor the most competent students(B) enroll the children of their alumni(C) dont conform to some nationa
11、l law(D)discriminate against lower-class students2 Colleges go to cities to enroll students because_.(A)they think students in urban areas have more intellectual potential(B) they dont want to travel far to search for applicants in rural areas(C) students in rural areas may have many economic proble
12、ms(D)it is much easier to find enough prospective students in cities3 By saying “can be a crapshoot“ (Line 1415,Para.3) ,the author suggests_.(A)rural students have an access to college(B) it is very hard for rural students to go to college(C) poor rural students cant afford admission fees(D)poor ru
13、ral schools are not on good terms with colleges4 At MIT,many first-generation poor students_.(A)were grateful to the college for their enrollment(B) regarded the college as an opportunity to change fate(C) were glad to get away from their poor families(D)got some help from MIT faculty and students5
14、Which of the following might Marilee Jones agree with?(A)Renowned universities certainly attract brilliant poor students.(B) Colleges should spare no efforts to look for brilliant poor students.(C) Colleges can benefit greatly from the enrollment of poor students.(D)Many colleges have realized the i
15、mportance of enrolling poor students.5 Europe s Response to the Introduction of Immigration Population DeclineU.S. immigration policy isnt really a disaster. In fact, Europe has recently begun studying it enviouslyor was studying it anyway. Then the recession struck. Now its open season on foreigner
16、s across much of the continent. Italys interior minister has sent armed force to clear out camps of jobless migrants in some parts of the south. In Britain, Conservative leader David Cameron recently promised that if his party wins upcoming elections hell slash immigration by 75 percent. Ahead of ke
17、y regional elections in France, President Nicolas Sarkozy has launched a noisy debate about “French identity“.As bad as the surge of intolerance is for the foreigners who are its targets, its a disaster for Europe. The continent is heading for serious long-term economic trouble unless it learns to m
18、anage immigration intelligently. Businesses across Europe are already facing severe shortages of engineers, technicians, craftsperson, and other skilled professionals. And the problem will only worsen as the job market recovers. By 2050 the EU will have 52 million fewer people of working age, the Eu
19、ropean Commission warns.The trouble isnt a shortage of immigrants. The European Union has attracted 26 million migrants in the past two decadesa full 30 percent more than Americas 20million over the same span. But most European countries tried to protect homegrown labor by shutting out foreign worke
20、rs. And for decades most European countries have consigned immigrants to the margins: take Germany for example, some professions were restricted to German citizens well into the 1990s, while eligibility for citizenship itself was based on bloodlines until a landmark reform in 2001. The danger is tha
21、t Europes worsening hostility toward foreigners will halt or even reverse efforts to assimilate those who are already there, breeding a fast-growing, permanent underclass. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, immigrants have been losing jobs at almost twice the rat
22、e of native-born citizens during the current crisis, and in many countries the socioeconomic gap between immigrants and natives has begun to grow again.All this comes at a critical moment for the global economy. Economists predict that global GDP will double in the next 20 years, and as many as 1 bi
23、llion new, skilled jobs will be created. To avert being left behind, Europe will need to upgrade its workforce to compete in knowledge-intensive sectors. It cant afford to neglect the education of its immigrant populations or to give up competing for its share of the global talent pool as before. If
24、 it makes the wrong choice, Europe will become smaller, poorer, and angrier. Instead of attracting newcomers, the continent will watch its own best and brightest depart for better opportunities.6 If Europe tries to avert serious economic trouble,it has to_.(A)handle immigration reasonably(B) supplem
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