[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷17及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Prescribe a Medicine Square to Come to Promote Intelligence QuotientWhen researchers come up with a new treatment that makes us feel or work better, its
2、usually not just the truly sick who end up going in for an upgrade. The progress in developing treatments for illnesses that ravage memory and thought raises an important question: might the same tools be used to improve the functioning of minds that by most standards are already running fairly smoo
3、thly? We may well be approaching an era of designer brains, in which those of us feeling a little foggy or dull can have our IQ, fast recall, and self-confidence inflated up via the prescription pad. “Some brain-related conditions we think of as ordinary,“ says Lynch, “may eventually become disorder
4、s, too“ including perhaps less-than-razor-sharp thinking.The notion of a prescription IQ lift is hardly new. According to polls, about one in 20 college students, and higher percentages of professors, already illicitly pop some form of Ritalin or Modafinillegitimately prescribed for attention-defici
5、t disorder and narcolepsy, respectivelyto augment alertness, concentration, and memory. But these drugs have proved only mildly effective on normal minds, and carry potentially severe side effects ranging from addiction to overstimulation.Scientists had originally hoped that the decoding of the huma
6、n genome would lead quickly to small groups of genes that control major mental disorders and traits, be the Alzheimers disease, intelligence, or personality. That hasnt been the case; individual genes turn out in most cases to only weakly affect the brain, with most illnesses emerging from the inter
7、action of large, complex networks of hundreds of genes.That challenge hasnt kept researchers from tracking down many of the genes in these networks to chip away at the genetic roots of mental disordersand to come up with possible treatments based on some of those findings. The result is that medicin
8、e may allow us to challenge our genetic inheritance and repair environmental insults to the brain, whether as Alzheimers sufferers or just moody, forgetful people and hazy thinkers. Techniques undergoing testing now include altering genes within brain cells, or even pushing genes into creating altog
9、ether new brain cells. Neurologix in Fort Lee, New Jersey, for example, is developing brain-related gene therapies, which involve injecting harmless viruses that insert custom-built genes into cells. Though other experimental gene therapies have in the past often caused severe and even fatal side ef
10、fects, Neurologix hopes to avoid them by targeting the viruses only at those cells that need repairing.In Fact, We wont necessarily have to turn to these more radical therapies to sharpen our thinking. The genetic and other new scientific insights into the brain are also helping to point the way to
11、new drugs targeted at brain disordersdrugs that may also end up being taken as smart drugs by many of us without serious disorders.1 What does the first sentence of the passage imply?(A)Researchers always bring forth new and upgraded cures for illness.(B) Sick people are anxiously looking forward to
12、 new treatments.(C) Normal people tend to use the new treatment to be smarter.(D)New and upgraded treatment should make us feel or work better.2 Which of the following about Ritalin is NOT true?(A)It effectively cures attention-deficit disorder and narcolepsy.(B) It should be legally obtained on pre
13、scription.(C) It helps to improve attention and memory problems.(D)It may potentially lead to addiction problems.3 What can we learn from the third paragraph?(A)Alzheimers diseases genes have been decoded after the decoding of human genome.(B) Brain diseases usually are the outcome of interaction of
14、 complicated groups of genes.(C) The scientists findings on genes have quickly leaded to understanding of mental diseases.(D)Complexity had stopped researchers from coming up with treatment to mental diseases.4 From the forth paragraph, we can learn that_.(A)Breakthrough in medicine has made it poss
15、ible for human to defy genetics(B) Genes have been used successfully to create brain cells(C) Gene therapies could be harmlessly employed in brain cell repairing in the future(D)The envionment has a much more powerful effect on brain than genetics5 The passage mainly talks about_.(A)brain disease an
16、d the relative treatment(B) scientific insight into brain disease and wrong ideas about medicine(C) how to make people become smarter(D)the scientific breakthrough in brain damage treatment5 DamIts impossible to write about how human activities are altering the climate, that trivial humanity cannot
17、possibly alter such a giant system through loading the atmosphere with an additional 0.000115 percentage points of carbon dioxide.Unfortunately for the denialists, examples of how human activities can alter climate keep accumulating. The latest has nothing to do with the greenhouse effect but underl
18、ines the fact that ordinary activities can have unexpected meteorological consequences. So we infer large dams seem to be altering rainfall patterns. It is becoming clearer that in addition to providing lots of water to evaporate and then return to the ground as rainfall, dams also make local meteor
19、ological conditions more helpful to rainfall.In particular, explain Faisal Hossain of Tennessee Technological University, dams increase atmospheric instabilities in the vertical profile of temperature and humidity. Those instabilities arise because the presence of a dam increases evaporation and the
20、re-fore atmospheric moisture. That enhances the amount of corrective energy in the air above the reservoir. The end result: more rainfall.Weather records support this theoretical reasoning. For one thing, there are more thunderstorms in the vicinity of a large dam compared with before the dam was bu
21、ilt. For another, large dams are contributing to the “when it rains, it pours“ phenomenon: longer periods without rainfall punctuated by drenching, flood-inducing downpours.The significance of dams altering local weather is not merely another example of the power of human activities to change the cl
22、imate. There is also a more practical issue. When dams are constructed, engineers make assumptions about how frequently large floods will occur, and they build the dam to withstand them. But if the uncommon flood occurs more frequently because of the very presence of a dam, that calculation is wrong
23、, and the dam may be subjected to more frequent and more extreme flood-inducing downpours.As one researcher warns, it is therefore possible that a large dam may be found years later to actually have been designed for a flood with a much lower recurrence interval (or higher frequency) than originally
24、 expected because the frequency of extreme precipitation events has increased due to the reservoirs presence. Such a possibility raises concerns about dam safety. That risk is compounded by the fact that conventional dam and reservoir design over the past century has been one-way, with no acknow-led
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- 考研 试卷 英语 阅读 模拟 17 答案 解析 DOC
