[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷170及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 170 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners
2、, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does n
3、ot occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a clas
4、s society, the upper classes or the so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately be
5、low them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imita
6、ted. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves
7、 along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is b
8、uilt up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting
9、and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.1 It is known from the first paragraph that(A)fashion operates in every society.(B) fashion is found only in a few fields of group life.(C) fashion originates in a class society.(D)people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society.2
10、 According to the author, which of the following groups usually leads a new fashion?(A)Philosophers.(B) Artists.(C) Writers.(D)The social elite.3 Which of the following statements is true?(A)Fashion, as a movement, is static.(B) A fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched.(C) A fashion wi
11、ll never vanish once it is launched.(D)The upper classes play a little role in fashion movements.4 According to the author, a fashion movement(A)will eventually develop into a social organization.(B) has little in common with other movements.(C) has a powerful leadership guiding it.(D)has a set of s
12、ymbols and values.5 It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement(A)is a form of expressive behavior.(B) contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior.(C) can boost the morale of its participants.(D)functions in the same way as specific social movements.5 Hundreds of feet benea
13、th Earths surface, a few seasoned cave explorers venture where no human has set foot Their headlamps illuminate mud-covered walls, gypsum crystals and mineral deposits. The real attraction, though, is under their shoes. A massive formation that resembles a white river spans the caves floor. A closer
14、 examination reveals that the odd formation is an intricate crust of tiny calcite crystals. The veteran explorers have reached Snowy Riverthought to be the longest continuous cave formation in the world.“I think Snowy River is one of the primo places underground in the world and theres still so much
15、 left that we havent discovered. We dont even know how big it is,“ said Jim Goodbar, a cave specialist with the federal Bureau of Land Management. The survey expedition by members of the Fort Stanton Cave Study Project in early July added several thousand feet to the measurement of the spectacular f
16、ormation, which is at least four miles long. The explorers who have been following the passage under the rolling hills of southeastern New Mexico say theres still more of Snowy River to be discovered.The few who have walked on the formation say theyve seen nothing else like it. Early studies point t
17、o its uniqueness: Already, some three dozen species of microbes previously unknown to science have been uncovered. New Mexicos two U. S. senators are pushing for Congress to designate Fort Stanton Cave and Snowy River as a national conservation area. The designation would protect the area from such
18、activities as mining that threaten the water flows that created the cave. It also might generate funding for scientific research.Last summer, explorers were surprised to arrive at Snowy River and find it flowing with water. It had been dry when first discovered in 2001 and during trips in 2003 and 2
19、005. It took several months for Snowy River to dry out, leaving scientists with another set of questions about where the water came from and where it went Some scientists believe innumerable floods formed Snowy River, dropping a thin layer of calcite each time. Areas of Fort Stanton Cave are open to
20、 those who get permits from the BLM, but Snowy Riverdeep in the cave behind locked metal gatesis offlimits. Its unlikely Snowy River ever will be open to anything but research because of the fragility of the tiny calcite crystals and microbes on the cave walls.6 According to the text, “seasoned“(Lin
21、e 1, Paragraph 1)probably means(A)brave.(B) hardworking.(C) experienced.(D)breathtaking.7 Which of the following statements is true about the Snowy River?(A)It extends its passage beneath the hills of southeastern New Mexico.(B) Its attraction is a crust of tiny crystal.(C) It is a wonder undergroun
22、d, which looks like a white river four miles long.(D)Some well-known microbes are uncovered, which makes the River unique.8 Snowy River is designated as a national conservation area because(A)that can prevent it from any human activity which affects the water flows.(B) the water flows need protectin
23、g and the research needs funding.(C) the microbes uncovered in the cave deserve our protection.(D)the scientific research on the River ought to be funded.9 Some scientists believe floods help form the layer of calcite in that(A)Snowy River is covered with manganese crust.(B) the formation looks like
24、 a white river span.(C) they found the passage flowing with water incidentally.(D)it is deep in the cave behind locked metal gates.10 The probable title of this text is(A)A Breakthrough in Archaeology.(B) A New DiscoverySnowy River.(C) Snowy RiverAn Underground Wonder.(D)Unveiling Snowy River.10 Imm
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