[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷58及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 58 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has bee

2、n transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, polic

3、ymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had

4、in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today,

5、a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.【F3 】Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining

6、millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their g

7、uaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart worke

8、rs, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare.【F4】Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold

9、in just one generation.【F5】From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburden

10、ed shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television commercials and print advertiseme

11、ntsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers regist

12、ered with its Web site.【F1 】The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such m

13、arketers act as the initiator for users responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media become another marketers paid mediafor instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.【F2】We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations

14、 place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-al

15、one media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.【F3】Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing, and may help expand us

16、er traffic for all companies concerned.【F4】The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Su

17、ch hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the b

18、usinesses that originally created them.【F5】If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been

19、steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.6 【F1

20、】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 【F1】This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think so if only you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as me

21、n in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is through no means over.【F2】It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains b

22、asically hostile, even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species!On the surface, the comments made through men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes

23、about women drivers are repeated day in and day out. This apparent light hearted ness does not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out through statistics. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. We a

24、ll know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name.【F3】As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory hands, university professors, farmers, company directo

25、rs, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can

26、 not do.【F4】Top level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled through men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights“. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven teven been given the vote. This situation is preposterous!Th

27、e truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the n

28、ations.【F5 】You can be sure that if only women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, where men have failed for centuries.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 As the bankster phenomenon has so eloquently illustrated, Homo sapiens is exquis

29、itely sensitive to injustice.【F1】Many people grudgingly tolerated the astronomical incomes of financial traders, and even the cos-mological ones of banks chief executives, when they thought those salaries were earned by honest labour. Now, so many examples to the contrary have emerged that toleratio

30、n has vanished.【F2】Surprisingly, however, the psychological underpinnings of a sense of injusticein particular, what triggers willingness to punish an offender, even at a cost to the punisherhave not been well established. But a recent experiment by Nichola Raihani of University College, London, and

31、 Katherine McAuliffe of Harvard, just published in Biology Letters, attempts to disentangle the matter.Dr. Raihani and Ms. McAuliffe tested two competing hypotheses. One is that the desire to punish is simple revenge for an offence. The other is that it is related to the offence s consequencesspecif

32、ically, whether or not the offender is left better off than the victim.Until recently, the temptation would have been to advertise for undergraduate volunteers for such a project. Instead, Dr. Raihani and Ms. McAuliffe decided to follow a new fashion in psychology and recruit their human guinea pigs

33、 through a system called Mechanical Turk. This arrangement, run by Amazon, a large internet firm, pays people registered with it (known as Turkers) small sums of money to do jobs for others.【F3】That allowed the two researchers not only to gather many more volunteers (560) than would have been possib

34、le from the average student body, but also to spread the profile of those volunteers beyond the halls of academe and beyond the age of 21.【F4】On the face of things, this result suggests that what really gets people s goat is not so much having money taken, but having it taken in a way that makes the

35、 taker better off than the victim. That will clearly bear further investigation, for example by looking at the case where the first player begins the game better off than the second.【F5】It is intriguing, though, that even such trivial sums of money can provoke thoughts ofrevenge. In light of this, t

36、he fate awaiting those astronomically paid bankers could be a particularly nasty one.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 58 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 上几代的美国中产阶级家庭曾经依赖勤奋工作

37、和公平竞争来确保家庭经济的安全，可是经济风险和新的现实的到来使这种安全发生了变化。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 结果，他们就失去了在经济困难时期具有的保护伞作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)，如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军就可以进入劳动力市场。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率，股票市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千万个。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力衰的父亲或母亲，随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一

38、代的时间内也增加了八倍。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，我们可以理解到，在大多数情况下，前面提到的看起来似乎不是一个能够承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个把经济风险大规模加速转移到他们已不堪重负的肩膀上的过程。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 如今消费者作出购买决定的过程表明，市场营销的影响力来自于传统付费媒介之外的广泛因素。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 我们就将这种“售出” 媒介定义为自有媒介：它的流量如此巨大，以致其他机构纷纷前来投放广告或电子商务引擎。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 而其他营销者的出现不仅带来了收入，还

39、令该网站看起来公正客观，并且使各个公司有机会从其他公司的营销活动中获得可贵的信息，或许还有助于扩大所有相关企业的用户流量。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 同样的重大技术变革，在给营销人员带来更多的、更多样化的沟通渠道选择的同时，也带来了更高的风险，那就是激动的消费者会以更迅速、更明显、更具破坏性的方式来表达他们的意见。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 如果那种事情一旦发生，激动的消费者会尽力劝服他人共同抵制其产品，从而危及目标企业的声誉。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 人们认为当今的时代是一个开明的时代，可是如果你能听到普通男人是怎么说普通女人的，你就不会

40、这么想了。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 仍然继续进行这场性别之战的是男人而非女人，因为在根本上男人对女人仍保持着敌对的态度，即使在最进步的社会里，女人仍然被认为是二等公民。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 作为政治家、军人、医生、工厂工人、大学教授、农场主、公司主管、律师、巴士司机科学家以及国家总统等等，她们经常使男人显得相形见绌。【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 国家、商业、银行业之间的高层政治谈判几乎完全控制在男人手中，他们满怀嫉妒地捍卫着他们所谓的“权力” 。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 你可以确信，如果允许女人坐在会议桌旁，在这个男人失败了几个世纪的地方，

41、女人会像她们一直以来都获得成功那样，取得辉煌的成功。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 过去，许多人对于操盘手高到天上去的收入，甚至是银行高管天文数字一般的薪酬，虽愠愠不平，但尚能忍耐，他们曾以为这些收入是靠诚实劳动赚来的。【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 然而令人惊讶的是，心理学上对于不公平感的成因，特别是对于引发人们惩罚，甚至是付出代价去惩罚侵犯者的缘由，至今尚未能做出很好的解释。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 由此，两位研究者不仅可以招募到比普通学生群体更多的志愿者(560 名 )，还得以将志愿者的范围扩大到了学术界以外和 21 岁以上的人群。【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 乍一看，这样的结果说明真正让人感到愤恨的不是自己的钱被拿走，而是拿走钱的人在拿走钱后比受害者变得更富裕。【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 有意思的是，如此微不足道的一笔钱居然都会引发报复的念头。【知识模块】 翻译