[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷41及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 41 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrape

2、rs were widely criticized. Ecologists pointing【C1】_that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot【C2】_.Skyscrapers are also enormous【C3 】_. and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition【C4】_17 million square feet of skyscraper of

3、fice space in New York City raised the【C5】_daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts enough to【C6】_the entire city of Albany for a day. Glass-walled skyscraper can be especially【C7】_. The heat loss(or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times【C8 】_through a typical

4、masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain【C9 】_heating and air-conditioning equipment,【 C10】_of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses【C11】_with silver or gold mirror films that reduce【C12 】 _as well as heat gain. However,【C13】_skysc

5、rapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and【C14】_neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put severe pressure on a citys sanitation【 C15】_. too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year as【C16】_as a

6、city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a【C17】_of more than 109,000. Skyscrapers also【C18】_with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic.Still, people【C19】_to build skyscrapers for all the reasons that they have always built them personal ambition and the【C20】_of

7、owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space. 1 【C1 】（A）at（B） to（C） out（D）towards2 【C2 】（A）power（B） capacities（C） potentials（D）capabilities3 【C3 】（A）savers（B） consumers（C） losers（D）spenders4 【C4 】（A）of（B） in（C） to（D）at5 【C5 】（A）point（B） top（C） summit（D）peak6 【C6 】（A）distribute（B） giv

8、e（C） supply（D）donate7 【C7 】（A）thrifty（B） economic（C） prosperous（D）wasteful8 【C8 】（A）that（B） those（C） which（D）when9 【C9 】（A）to（B） between（C） on（D）both10 【C10 】（A）founders（B） consumers（C） builders（D）suppliers11 【C11 】（A）covered（B） filled（C） powdered（D）stained12 【C12 】（A）brightness（B） light（C） glare（D）

9、gaze13 【C13 】（A）glass-walled（B） plastic-walled（C） concrete-walled（D）mirror-walled14 【C14 】（A）affect（B） assist（C） protect（D）benefit15 【C15 】（A）decorations（B） furniture（C） facilities（D）appliances16 【C16 】（A）many（B） much（C） few（D）little17 【C17 】（A）population（B） people（C） mankind（D）race18 【C18 】（A）inter

10、vene（B） interfere（C） interrupt（D）obstacle19 【C19 】（A）stop（B） pause（C） continue（D）terminate20 【C20 】（A）wish（B） desire（C） secret（D）promisePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Shoppers choose hybrid cars, “green“ w

11、ashing-up liquid and energy-saving devices over cheaper but dirtier alternatives partly to improve their social status, according to a new study published today.Bram Van den Bergh of Rotterdam School of Management, one of the studys authors, said: “Driving a luxurious non-green car, like a Hummer, c

12、ommunicates ones wealth, but also suggests that the buyer is a selfish and uncaring individual who is concerned primarily about his own comfort rather than the welfare of society. Driving a hybrid, like a Prius, not only displays ones wealth as it costs many thousands of dollars more than a conventi

13、onal but highly fuel-efficient car, but also signals the owner cares about others and the environment.“Adam Corner, a research associate at Cardiff University and expert on the psychology of communicating climate change, said social status is a key driver of behaviour: “Its not surprising that peopl

14、e might choose to try and signal their social status through the conspicuous consumption of green products. Even if people dont care about climate change, they care about what other people think of them.“ He added that one of the most important aspects of the research is that the power of social sta

15、tus could be harnessed to become a critical tool in promoting wider changes in pro-environmental behaviour, such as voting for the greenest party in an election or engaging in environmental activism.The study does come with one important warning no one was actually dipping into their wallet. Michael

16、 Valvo, a spokesperson for Toyota UK, said that the companys market research indicated the attraction of advanced technology and the cost of the ownership, not the environment or social status, were the main reasons drivers bought the Prius hybrid car. “Paying 20,000 for a car is a pretty expensive

17、way to make a statement about being green, its the second biggest purchase after a house,“ he said.The research also failed to reflect the complexity of ethical consumer activity, said Rob Harrison, the editor of Ethical Consumer magazine. “Ethical buying behaviour is far more complicated. If you lo

18、ok at the Co-Operative Banks report on ethical spending, a third of that annual spend is on investment and banking, which you cant do conspicuously unless you leave investment brochures lying around on your coffee table. Our readers say they buy green and ethical products because they want to be ins

19、trumental about a goal, such as helping a farm in Kenya by buying fair trade Kenyan coffee.“ He said only a minority of green shoppers buy green products for status reasons.21 According to one study, car buyers now_.（A）regard price as nothing much（B） are more environment-conscious（C） show off with e

20、xpensive luxuries（D）are more concerned with publicity22 In the view of Bram, Hummer is more a symbol of_.（A）wealth（B） status（C） success（D）character23 To which of the following does Adam Corner most probably agree?（A）People behave largely in order to enhance their public image.（B） Voting is an effici

21、ent way to change peoples social status.（C） Conspicuous consumption is unsurprisingly pursued and done.（D）Environmental participation can be promoted in a critical way.24 Judging from the context, “no one was .dipping into their wallet“(Para.4)probably means that_.（A）technology is the first consider

22、ation（B） social status is easily purchased（C） being green is too dear to afford（D）wallet is better covered in hard times25 The author mentioned the Co-Operative Banks report to show_.（A）Kenya coffee is a good buy as a green product（B） It is not easy to figure out the morality of consuming（C） Spendin

23、g on expensive cars is becoming a trend（D）Investment decision is mostly made on a coffee table25 Top business chiefs like Indra Nooyi, Anu Agha and Shikha Sharma may have broken the glass ceiling to command their own boardrooms but these are mere exceptions rather than the norm. A new global survey

24、reveals that women enter the workforce in large numbers but over time steadily “vaporise“ from the higher ranks of organisational hierarchy.Research by a business consulting firm Bain and the company showed that organisations lost talent, with a disproportionate number of women employees at middle a

25、nd senior levels leaving their jobs. “A 5% decrease in female retention, after 10 years, results in the equivalent of wiping out the benefits of increasing female recruitment from 30% to 50%,“ the report said.“Achieving gender parity in the workplace is possible if business leaders take a systematic

26、 and customised approach to finding out what counteracts women along the way at their organisations,“ Orit Gadiesh, Bain chairman and co-author of the study, said. The study showed that senior management in 75% of companies had not made gender parity a stated and visible priority, while 80% of firms

27、 had not committed adequate funding or resources to the initiatives.Other findings showed that while 66% of men reported that they believed women shared equal opportunity to be promoted to leadership and governance positions, less than a third of women felt the same. Also, while a majority of respon

28、ders supported the idea of gender parity in the workplace, it was the women who voted strongly in favour of strategic commitment. More than 80% of women agreed or strongly agreed while only 48% men felt that achieving gender parity should be a critical business imperative for their organisations.Inc

29、identally, while both men(87%)and women(91%)voted in large numbers in favour of the belief that either sex could be a primary breadwinner, when it came to making career sacrifices, however, men and women reacted differently. While 59% of women agreed they would sacrifice their career for the sake of

30、 the household, a slightly lower 53% of men felt the same way. Men tended to be more confident than women that their partner would make a career sacrifice: in the survey results, 77 of men felt their partner would compromise on their career for the sake of family, while only 45% of women could confi

31、dently make the same claim.When asked about recruitment or promotion into management or executive positions, both men and women were less likely to agree that parity existed and men saw a rosier picture than women. In the survey results, about twice as many men as women felt that women had an equal

32、chance as men of being recruited in executive roles, promoted on the same time line into executive roles or appointed to key leadership or governance roles.26 In the beginning, “vaporise“ is closest in meaning to_.（A）quit（B） promote（C） employ（D）recruit27 One of the findings from the study tells us t

33、hat_.（A）senior management had no say due to male dominance（B） most companies couldnt afford the cost of this pursuit（C） women could hopefully be treated with dignity one day（D）gender equality was largely neglected by most executives28 From paragraph 4, we may learn that_.（A）most male colleagues had

34、equally strong belief in workplace equality（B） a wide gap still existed in how to make gender parity come true（C） a large part of the females showed no interest in business leadership（D）females should enjoy more opportunities in terms of getting advanced29 Which of the following is NOT true accordin

35、g to the passage?（A）Executive positions were reserved predominantly for men alone.（B） Men tended to overestimate the situation for female equality.（C） Women were the easier victim when career gave“ in to family.（D）Both sexes accepted the role of supporting the family by work.30 The text is mainly co

36、ncerned with_.（A）female sacrifice（B） male priorities（C） gender equality（D）female promotion30 When the American economy was running full tilt two years ago, few places were as breathlessly delighted as Seattle. Its port was thronged with ships bringing goods from Asia. The Boeing Company could barely

37、 keep up with demand for its airliners. Microsoft was hiring hordes of software engineers. After each rain shower, another Internet millionaire sprang up. Here was a city that had it all old economy, new economy, not-yet-invented economy.Now it has all gone sour. The past 12 months have been a non-s

38、top succession of disappointments. Boeings headquarters decamped to Chicago. The Internet economy popped alike a balloon in a nail factory, taking with it once promising local ventures such as H and leaving cant-possibly-miss companies such as D barely hanging on. And an already troubled Boeing was

39、hit even harder after September 11th both by a steep drop in airliner orders and by losing a $ 200 billion Joint Strike Fighter contract to Lockheed Martin.Washington State, battered by what is happening in Seattle, now has the highest unemployment rate in the United States 6.6% compared with 5.4% i

40、n the country as a whole. Right behind it is next-door Oregon, another former boom state, with 6.5% of its workforce out of a job, the countrys second worst figure. In Oregon, manufacturings collapse has caused the loss of nearly 30,000 jobs in a year, those hit range from Freightliner, a maker of h

41、eavy lorries, to high-tech companies such as Intel and Fujitsu.What makes the current plunge so painful is that every part of the economy seems to have stepped into an open manhole at the same time. Three years ago, when Boeing began to remove more than 20,000 people that Boeing expects to lay off b

42、y the middle of 2002 have to compete with unemployed workers not just from the high-tech industry but from construction work and even the retail sector. Portland now has more jobless than the other parts of Oregon: the opposite of how things were years ago.Even worse, the Pacific northwests downturn

43、, as well as being deeper than the rest of the country, may also last longer. One reason for fearing this is Boeings continuing woes. Nowadays Boeing accounts for less than 5% of employment in the Seattle area, down from 9% two decades ago. But it remains the foundation on which the rest is built. I

44、ts network of suppliers and subcontractors gives it a far stronger multiplier effect than, say, Microsoft, which is more an island of prosperity than a center of web. The chances are that Boeing will not really bounce back until the assumed revival in air travel persuades airline companies to start

45、buying plenty of aircraft again. And that may not be until 2003.31 The sentence “After each rain shower, another Internet millionaire sprang up“(Paragraph 1)means_.（A）many people get rich quickly and easily with the New Economy（B） it takes only the time between showers for someone to become boss（C）

46、Seattles development is sudden like rain showers（D）Seattle has as many business millionaires as its rain showers32 What can be inferred in the passage concerning Boeing?（A）Its headquarter has been moved from Chicago to Seattle.（B） Its to be blamed for the economic depression in Washington.（C） Boeing

47、 itself is having a hard time.（D）Its expected to have a revival in the year 2003.33 What does the passage imply about “H“ and “D“?（A）They are neither promising companies.（B） They are affiliated to large companies.（C） They are dealing in medical products.（D）They are also affected by the economic cris

48、is.34 What is special about this economic downturn in Seattle?（A）All sectors have entered recession at the same time.（B） The lay-off workers have found jobs elsewhere.（C） The Old Economy is hit harder than other economies.（D）The low employment rate will last longer than in Oregon.35 We can learn fro

49、m the last paragraph that_.（A）Microsoft has a strong multiplier effect on the economy（B） Boeing is crucial for the survival of other companies（C） Seattle areas employment rate has fallen considerably（D）the economic foundation of Seattle is Boeings continuing prosperity35 Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for