[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷180及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 180 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years.The Bible i

2、s composed of【B1】_, legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons, prophesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only【B2 】_a book but a【B3】_of books.The Bible【B4】_two major【B5】_, the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament was written originally almos

3、t entirely【B6】_Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It is the national【B7】_ literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It【B8】_the earliest documents【B9】_the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of J

4、esus and the establishment of the【B10】_church. The【B11】_work is from the first book Genesis, to the last, Revelations. The【B12 】_and richness of the Bible【B13】_literature 【B14】_the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary【B15】_ , poetry, The Bible is【B16】 _.The Bible is an assemblage of liter

5、ature. It is in a unique【B17】_among the worlds books 【B18】_the richness of its【B19】_and spiritual values. It can be called the【B20 】_of books.1 【B1 】（A）fiction（B） history（C） novel（D）drama2 【B2 】（A）presumably（B） shortly（C） presently（D）simply3 【B3 】（A）collection（B） constitution（C） criticism（D）contradi

6、ction4 【B4 】（A）makes（B） moderates（C） comprises（D）composes5 【B5 】（A）diversion（B） distinction（C） divisions（D）discrepancy6 【B6 】（A）on（B） by（C） with（D）in7 【B7 】（A）permanent（B） religious（C） identical（D）theoretical8 【B8 】（A）contains（B） contaminates（C） commends（D）commences9 【B9 】（A）through（B） on（C） within（

7、D）by10 【B10 】（A）Catholic（B） contemporary（C） Christian（D）confidential11 【B11 】（A）vast（B） valid（C） verbal（D）virtual12 【B12 】（A）divorce（B） distress（C） dismay（D）diversity13 【B13 】（A）as（B） for（C） of（D）by14 【B14 】（A）traditionally（B） conversely（C） especially（D）practically15 【B15 】（A）standard（B） form（C） sta

8、nd（D）formation16 【B16 】（A）cunning（B） promising（C） underlying（D）surpassing17 【B17 】（A）place（B） venue（C） position（D）site18 【B18 】（A）for（B） on（C） in（D）to19 【B19 】（A）greedy（B） artistic（C） practical（D）absurd20 【B20 】（A）chapter（B） poem（C） romance（D）bookPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answ

9、er the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Despite increased airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass t

10、hrough x-ray machines that superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is.M

11、ore sophisticated screening technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids.A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ o

12、r “backscatter“ x-rays that can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such e

13、quipment, arguing that it is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have been created to blur genital areas.Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substan

14、ces on a persons body and clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneously analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened f

15、or traces of explosives. Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags are examined this way.The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identif

16、y the molecular structure of the materials it contains. Since every compoundsolid, liquid or gascreates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosives.For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials

17、 to full deployment at airports they must be available at a price that airports are prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert with Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding th

18、e new technologies costs around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others.21 What is the relationship between the 2nd p

19、aragraph and the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs?（A）A generalization is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5.（B） More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5.（C） Specific evidence is provided in

20、 paragraph 1, 2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4.（D）Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.22 The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its_.（A）unreliable screening（B） full exposure（C） inadequate effi

21、ciency（D）travellers modesty23 Which of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text?（A）Their efficiency.（B） Their brand.（C） Their output.（D）Their component.24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）new methods to pre

22、vent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panacea（B） new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 months（C） new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airport（D）new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive25 The word “albeit“ in the first sentence of t

23、he second paragraph most probably means_.（A）although（B） once（C） if（D）as25 For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials sayhave been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourte

24、en of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions.Many of these menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised spe

25、ech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts,“

26、 the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been.Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“ , they had been “s

27、afe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “Its against our laws, and its against

28、 our values. I have not authorised itand I will not authorise it.“The Pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnelthough not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness,

29、 hooding, the use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning) all practices that have been used at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib.So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed, because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimu

30、m protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.26 In terms of lite

31、rary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of_.（A）hyperbole（B） euphemism（C） black humor（D）stream of consciousness27 Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is_.（A）consent（B） hesitation（C） denial（D）approval28 The term “declined“ in th

32、e last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes_.（A）refused（B） dropped（C） dived（D）compromised29 According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks_.（A）some forms of degrading treatment of prisoners（B） the trials of time by the CIA（C） torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib（D）specif

33、ic ban on “water-boarding“ 30. 30 According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to_.（A）charity impulse（B） economic recession（C） domestic booming（D）legal pressure30 Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a pie

34、ce of research showing that senior women professors in the institutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One studyconducted in Sweden, of all placesshowed

35、that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara

36、 Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the av

37、erage pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1,500 ( $2,850) a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else

38、; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more th

39、an female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the

40、 overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr.Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stages of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Be

41、tween postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.Of course, it might be that, at each grade,

42、 men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female acade

43、mic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitaria

44、n world of academia does.31 The phrase “cropped up“ in the first paragraph most probably means_.（A）planted（B） thrived（C） elevated（D）happened32 Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study?（A）Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.（B） Fewer resources for research by

45、 women scientists.（C） The super qualities possessed by male scientists.（D）The role of analyzing the results of a survey.33 According to the text, the author places interpretation on_.（A）a term（B） a slang（C） a humor（D）a motto34 In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to_.（A）make

46、a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities（B） make themselves more eligible for promotion（C） make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chair（D）make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equal

47、ity35 Which of followings could be the best title for the text?（A）Take the Lead（B） Free to Flutter（C） The Hardest Move（D）Mind the Gap35 Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Pica

48、rd, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attentio

49、n. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around in bed. Various other designs have been tried since, but all were seen as temporary expedients intended to tide a patient over until the real thing became available from a human donor.That may be about to change.