[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷153及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 153 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 What would you do with $590m? This is now a(n) 【B1】_for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently【B2】_from her small, ti

2、n-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest lottery in history. The blogosphere(the world of weblogs)is full of【B3 】_for this lucky pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found money will【B4】_lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do【B5】_than read “Happy Money“ by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael No

3、rton.These two【B6】_she teaches psychology at the University of British Columbia; he【B7 】_on marketing at Harvard Business Schooluse an array of behavioral research to show that the most【B8】_ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve【B9】_of fancy cars and pal

4、atial homes on remote seashores.【B10】_satisfaction with these material purchases【B11】_fairly quickly. What was【 B12】_exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse【 B13】_in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips,【B14】_meals or even going to th

5、e cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time【B15 】_stories or memoriesparticularly if they involve feeling more【B16 】_to others.Readers of “Happy Money“ are clearly a【B17】_lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countri

6、es are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the【B18】_between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and【B19】_enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors ideas, but most people wil

7、l come【B20】_from this book believing it was money well spent.1 【B1 】（A）problem（B） question（C） issue（D）fact2 【B2 】（A）emerged（B） acclaimed（C） derived（D）disappeared3 【B3 】（A）advice（B） controversies（C） opinions（D）compassion4 【B4 】（A）stand（B） manage（C） indicate（D）yield5 【B5 】（A）worse（B） better（C） more（D）

8、less6 【B6 】（A）professors（B） contributors（C） co-founders（D）academics7 【B7 】（A）competes（B） marches（C） takes（D）lectures8 【B8 】（A）boring（B） challenging（C） interesting（D）rewarding9 【B9 】（A）senses（B） intuitions（C） visions（D）ideas10 【B10 】（A）Thus（B） Yet（C） Hence（D）Likewise11 【B11 】（A）falls out（B） brings do

9、wn（C） wears off（D）puts off12 【B12 】（A）quite（B） never（C） once（D）even13 【B13 】（A）tracks（B） dwells（C） pours（D）creeps14 【B14 】（A）unique（B） routine（C） prepared（D）regular15 【B15 】（A）as（B） against（C） for（D）in16 【B16 】（A）interacted（B） devoted（C） associated（D）connected17 【B17 】（A）deprived（B） privileged（C） em

10、barrassed（D）middle-aged18 【B18 】（A）gap（B） rate（C） range（D）link19 【B19 】（A）scarcity（B） deficit（C） famine（D）sufficiency20 【B20 】（A）away（B） along（C） across（D）aboutPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The economic d

11、ebate in the U.S. regarding the fiscal stimulus package centered on “bang for the buck,“ that is, on whether tax cuts or spending increases would produce more jobs. This limited perspective is very misleading, however: the choice of spending versus taxes should turn first and foremost on the purpose

12、s of government, or what economists call “the allocation of resources.“ Its silly to debate whether investing in a $100-million bridge creates more jobs than a $100-million tax cut if we need the bridge! The American Society of Civil Engineers has long documented the crumbling state of U.S. infrastr

13、ucture and the pressing need for $2.2 trillion in investments for our well-being and competitiveness.Government spending and taxation affect the distribution of income demographically and temporally. America ranks 22nd out of 23 high-income countries in public social outlays as a percentage of natio

14、nal income for health, pensions, income support and other social services. Our political discourse tends to focus on the middle class and neglect the poor, whereas our tax and spending policies often benefit the wealthy. As a result, the U.S. has the largest poverty rate, income inequality and per-c

15、apita prison population of any high-income nation, as well as the worst health conditions.The timing of tax cuts and spending increases also affects the well-being of todays generation versus future ones. The U.S. has a chronic fiscal deficit because federal taxation is enough to cover only five typ

16、es of federal programs: retirement and disability, medical care, veterans programs, defense and homeland security, and interest on the public debt. All other federal outlays are in effect funded by borrowing. The chronic deficit problem, now at least 5 percent of GNP(Gross National Product), will te

17、nd to get much worse as the population ages and health care costs rise, until we finally choose to tax ourselves adequately to pay for the government we need and want.Temporary deficits can boost the economy in a recession, although temporary income tax cuts and rebates tend to be saved rather than

18、spent. Prolonged deficit spending, however, would impose future burdens. The most obvious will be the need to service the public debts owed to China and other holders of treasury billsthe U.S. is on a path to multiply its already massive international debts. Less obviously, the huge budget deficits

19、will crowd out some private investment spending and exports as the economy recovers. Higher taxes needed to cover the service on that debt will not only squeeze consumption but may also distort the economy through disincentives on saving, work or other activities.21 The author holds that the focus o

20、f the debate is misleading in that（A）$100-million tax cut is obviously more important.（B） building a $100-million bridge is of top priority.（C） the aims of government should be considered first.（D）the state of U.S. infrastructure is of significance.22 We can conclude from paragraph 2 that（A）Governme

21、nt spending and taxation have nothing to do with peoples livelihood.（B） Political and economic policies has a negative impact on some Americans livelihood.（C） tax and spending policies plays a very important role in reducing debts.（D）increasing private investment spending and export can boost econom

22、y.23 The chronic fiscal deficit of the U.S. is due to（A）increasing federal programs.（B） expenses for the aged and the disabled.（C） increased health care costs.（D）insufficient federal taxation.24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（A）temporary income tax cuts can not promote consumption.（

23、B） temporary deficit can make economy condition become better.（C） temporary deficit spending has a negative effect on future economy.（D）adequate taxation can boost the economy in a recession.25 According to the text, prolonged deficit spending may result in（A）increasing investment.（B） declined consu

24、mption.（C） prosperous economy.（D）expanded export.25 Ten years ago, I got a call from a reporter at a big-city daily paper. “Im writing a story on communication skills,“ she said. “Are communication skills important in business?“ I assumed I had misheard her question, and after she repeated it for me

25、 I still didnt know how to respond. Are communication skills important? “Er, they are very important,“ I managed to squeak out. My brain said: Are breathing skills important? The reporter explained: “The people Ive spoken with so far have been mixed on the subject.“Ten years ago, we were trapped eve

26、n deeper in the Age of Left-Brain Business. We were way into Six Sigma and ISO 9000 and spreadsheets and regulations and policies. We thought we could line-item budget our way to greatness, create shareholder value by tracking our employees every keystroke, and employ a dress-code policy to win in t

27、he marketplace. And lots of us believed that order and uniformity could save the worldthe business world, anyway. We had to go pretty far down that path before we caught onto the limits of process, technology, and linear thinking.The right brain is coming back into style in the business world, and n

28、ot a moment too soon. Smart salespeople say, “Weve got compelling story that meshes with our customers values and history.“ Strong leaders say, “Were creating a context for our team members that weaves their passions into ours.“ Consultants get big money for providing perspective on the “user experi

29、ence.“ Thats not a linear, analytical process. These days, were talking about emotion again, and context and meaning. Thank goodness we are. I was about to choke on the death-by-spreadsheet diet, and I wasnt the only one.Job seekers get great jobs today by avoiding the Black Hole of Keyword-Searchin

30、g Algorithms and going straight to a human decision-maker to share a story that links the job seekers powerful history with the decision-makers present pain. Leadership teams spend their off-site weekends talking about not the next 400 strategic initiatives on somebodys list but rather a story-type

31、road map to keep the troops philosophically on board while they take the next hill.The right brains return is coming just at the right time, when employees are sick of not only their jobs but also the cynical, hypocritical, and obsessively left-brain behaviors they see all around them in corporate l

32、ife. Smart employers will grab this opportunity to lose the three-inch-thick policy manuals and enforcement mentality. Theres no leverage in those, no spark, and no aha. Weve seen where the left-brain mentality has gotten us: to the land of spreadsheets, with PowerPoints and burned-out shells where

33、our workforce used to be.26 According to paragraph 1, the author believes that communication skills are（A）doubtlessly significant.（B） to some extent important.（C） inferior to breathing skills.（D）a concern of the left-brain age.27 The Age of Left-Brain Business valued（A）budget and shareholders value.

34、（B） order and diversity.（C） context and meaning.（D）analytical process.28 The phrase “not a moment too soon“(Line 1, Para. 3)indicates the return of the right brain is（A）very timely.（B） undesirable.（C） too late.（D）unexpected.29 According to the text, under the influence of right-brain thinking, the l

35、eadership strives to（A）inspire the passions of their team members.（B） make more practical strategic initiatives.（C） create a more favorable working environment.（D）adopt an enforcement mentality for management.30 Whats the authors attitude towards the return of the right brain?（A）Skeptical.（B） Welcom

36、ing.（C） Critical.（D）Indifferent.30 The digital onslaught of e-books and Amazon-style e-tailers have put bookstores in an existential dilemma. Digital books are said to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain, and even sooner in America. With the demise of HMV, that music-peddling giant, still fresh

37、in everyones minds, bricks-and-mortar bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore? This was the burning questions on everyones lips at a recent event at Foyless flagship bookshop on Charing Cross Road in London.For a bookstore to remain successful, it must impro

38、ve “the experience of buying books,“ says Alex Lifschutz, an architect whose London-based practice is designing the new Foyles. He suggests an array of approaches: “small, quiet spaces cocooned with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one c

39、an hear talks from authors about books, literature, science, travel and cookery.“ The atmosphere is vital, he adds. Exteriors must buzz with activity, entrances must be full of eye-catching presentations and a bar and cafe is essential.There are plenty of ways to delight the bookstore customer, but

40、few are easily monetised. The consensus is that bookstores need to become cultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. Given how common it is for shoppers to br

41、owse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege.But forcing people to pay for the privilege of potentially paying for goods could deter shoppers altogether. A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like those offered by museums

42、 and other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to events(talks, literary workshops, retreats)and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships cou

43、ld tailor to the needs of children and students.To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digital, self-printed and so on. Digital and hybrid readers should have the option of buying e-books in-store, and budding authors should have access to se

44、lf-printing book machines. The latter have been slower to take off in Britain, but in America bookstores are finding them to be an important source of revenue.The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalised, the inventory expertly selected, spaces w

45、ell-designed and the cultural events attractive. Whether book stores, especially small independents are up to the challenge, is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliff-hanger.31 According to paragraph. 1, which of the following is true?（A）Bookstores are going out of fashion because of e-books

46、 and e-tailers.（B） Digital books are likely to sell better than paper ones before 2015 in USA.（C） Bookstores are facing an existential crisis because of insufficient time.（D）The future of Foyles has become the primary concern of everyone.32 According to Alex Lifschutz, the most important thing a boo

47、kstore should present is（A）cozy atmosphere.（B） delightful customer-experience.（C） stylish bar and cafe.（D）multi-functional arrangement of space.33 From paragraph 3, it can be inferred that（A）customers can be easily delighted.（B） shoppers go to bookstores only to browse.（C） extra privileges will be c

48、harged in the future.（D）bookstores need to offer more cultural service.34 A more attractive idea for bookstores to achieve profits might be（A）a membership strategy.（B） tempting reward cards.（C） option of buying e-books in-store.（D）self-printing book machines.35 An appropriate title for the text is m

49、ost likely to be（A）The future of the bookstore: A Cultural Destination.（B） The future of the bookstore: A Cozy Atmosphere.（C） The future of the bookstore: A Real Cliffhanger.（D）The future of the bookstore: An Urgent Quest.35 To function well in the world, people need a good sense of where their body is in space and how its postured. This “position sense“ helps us coordinate high-fives, boot a soccer ball or pick up the remote. But that doesnt seem t