[考研类试卷]在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷26及答案与解析.doc

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1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 26 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone

2、cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.Erosion (侵蚀 ) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in re

3、cent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.Angry owners have called on th

4、e Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area

5、 to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of Englan

6、d. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home. (282 words)1 What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?（A）The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.（B） The experts lack of knowledge.（C） The washing-a

7、way of limestone cliffs.（D）The rising of the sea level.2 The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England_.（A）will soon become a problem for people living in central England（B） has now become a threat to the local residents（C） is quickly changing the map of England（D）can be stopped if proper

8、measures are taken3 The experts study on the problem of erosion can_.（A）warn people whose homes are in danger（B） provide an effective way to slow it down（C） help to prevent it from worsening（D）lead to its eventual solution4 It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because_

9、.（A）the government is too slow in taking action（B） it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas（C） they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents（D）house agents along the coast do not support the idea5 According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England, peo

10、ple should_.（A）examine the house carefully before making a decision（B） guard against being cheated by the house agent（C） take the quality of the house into consideration（D）be aware of the potential danger involved5 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Cr

11、iticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as drop

12、ping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain

13、 other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and pare

14、nts should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win inst

15、ead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effec

16、t on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. (278 words)6 An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_.（A）to reduce their mental stress（B） to make sports more challenging（C） to make sports less competitive（D）to increase

17、their sense of success7 According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that_.（A）it can help them learn more about society（B） it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves（C） it can provide them with valuable experiences（D）it enables them to find flaws in themselves8 Many

18、coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_.（A）in order to make them remember lifes lessons（B） without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence（C） believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development（D）so as to put more pressure on them9 According t

19、o the passage parents and coaches should_.（A）help children to win every game（B） train children to cope with stress（C） enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports（D）pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports10 The authors purpose in writing the passage is_.（A）to persuade youn

20、g children not to worry about criticism（B） to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement（C） to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children（D）to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout10 Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurr

21、ences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But

22、that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we start valuing water more than we have in the past, just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil Crisis. Today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no lon

23、ger afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the

24、 supply costs.Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地)

25、and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various

26、aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. (289 words)11 What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?（A）The world population is increasing faster and faster.（B） Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted.（C） Only half o

27、f the worlds water can be used.（D）Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.12 As indicated in the passage, the water problem_.（A）is already serious in certain parts of the world（B） has been exaggerated by some experts in the field（C） poses a challenge to the technology of building

28、 reservoirs（D）is underestimated by government organizations at different levels13 According to the author, the water price should_.（A）stimulate domestic demand（B） be reduced to the minimum（C） correspond to its real value（D）take into account the occurrences of droughts14 The author says that in some

29、hot and dry areas it is advisable to_.（A）build big lakes to store water（B） construct big pumping stations（C） build small and cheap irrigation systems（D）channel water from nearby rivers to cropland15 In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to_.（A）increase the se

30、nse of responsibility of agencies at all levels（B） centralize the management of water resources（C） guarantee full protection of the environment（D）encourage local and regional control of water resources15 Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They wi

31、ll spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learni

32、ng to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any

33、problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing

34、obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you a

35、re in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. (278 words)16 Behavior problems o

36、f dogs are believed to_.（A）be just part of their nature（B） worsen in modern society（C） occur when they go wild（D）present a threat to the community17 The primary purpose of obedience training is to_.（A）teach the dog to perform clever tricks（B） make the dog aware of its owners authority（C） provide the

37、 dog with outlets for its wild behavior（D）enable the dog to regain its normal behavior18 Effective communication between a dog and its owner is_.（A）essential to solving the dogs behavior problems（B） the foundation for dogs to perform tasks（C） a good way to teach the dog new tricks（D）an extreme measu

38、re in obedience training19 Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?（A）To avoid being punished.（B） To show their affection for their masters.（C） To win leadership of the dog pack.（D）To show their willingness to obey.20 When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner_.

39、（A）can give the dog more rewards（B） will enjoy a better family life（C） can give the dog more freedom（D）will have more confidence in himself在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 26 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节推断题。文章第一段谈到主题：生活在英国南海岸的人们发现了令人震惊的事情：一夜之间他们的花园消失得无影无踪。原因是什么呢?原来，海水侵蚀了建筑物下层柔软的石灰石。从四个选项来看，A 、B 在

40、文中没有提及，D 是现象而非问题的起因，显然答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于综合理解题。第二段第一句直接谈到，在英国南海岸海水侵蚀白色悬崖的问题长期存在，但最近几年变得尤为严重。选项 A 中“central England”与文意不符；选项 C 在文中并未涉及；选项 D 与文意不符，故正确答案为 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于综合归纳题。在文中第二段最后一句谈到，专家对情况最严重的地方进行研究，并且为当地居民画了一幅图，预报在哪一年他们的房子将被海水吞噬。实际上，他们只能提醒人们采取预防措施，并未提出任何

41、实质性的解决办法。故正确答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题为细节理解题。文中最后一段提到：建筑物的所有者很愤怒，要求政府建造防护墙来保护他们的家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点：一是建防护墙耗资巨大(cost hundreds of millions of pounds)；二是即使建成了防护墙。也只会使波浪和水流沿着海岸线前进，从而使侵蚀从一个地方转移到另一个地方(shifting the problem from one area to another)。故答案为 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于

42、推断题。在文章结尾，作者幽默地说到如果你想买一幢前途不定的房子，那就向英国南海岸危险地区的售房代理商提出申请。可能你会买到价格最低的房子，但是，房子最终可能会被海水破坏。文中的“knockdown”一语双关。“a knockdown price”意为“最低的价格”；“a knockdown home”意为“坍塌的家”。作者的言下之意很明显是在提醒人们注意隐患。故正确答案为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。文中第一段谈到，来自教练、父母、队友的批评及对成功的渴望使年轻运动员过分焦急，身心压力颇重。这些压力导致他们不愿参加原本喜爱的活动。因此，要想使

43、他们不放弃，必须减少他们的压力，尤其是心理压力。故答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。文中第二段第二句：“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place”表明体育运动的积极作用。接下来作者具体展开，谈到运动员在他们的运动中可以学到的东西。A 、D 两项文中并未直接涉及，B 项与文章主旨不符，故 C“体育运动给他们提供有意义的经历 ”为正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节推断题。A、C、D 三项虽然可以推测出来

44、，但作者并未说明，故不能选为正确答案。文章第二段最后一句说：“Youngsters may take their parentsand coachescriticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves”，与选项 B 中所述相吻合，所以正确答案为 B“没意识到批评会损害他们的自信心”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于主旨题。综观全文，文章旨在强调父母、教练不应对年轻运动员施加过多的压力，以免使他们失去了运动中的乐趣。B、C 两项显然不正确。文章结尾处谈到父母、教练应对年轻运动员多予以肯定，少一些批评指责，而不应过

45、多地注重结果。故 A 也不正确。只有 D“更关注孩子是否享受运动”符合题意。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于写作意图判断题。文章最后一段的“Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism”表明了作者的意图为选项 C 中所述内容。 B、D 文中均未涉及，A 则是为了引出主旨，而非作者的主要写作目的。故 C 为正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节

46、归纳题。人口问题、污染问题及有限的可利用水资源都是潜在的“水危机”的原因。但这些只是表面现象，真正的本质原因是人们没有“valuing water，looking at water from a fresh economic perspective”，故正确答案为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。选项 B 不正确，因为专家们并没有夸张。如果不重视水资源的价值，不有效地利用它，肯定有一天会面临危机的。第三、四段谈到政府应采取的一些措施，与选项 D 所述无关。选项 C 文中并未涉及。而在文章开头，作者就提到“Yet oecurrenees of

47、 shortages and droughts are causing famine and distressing in some areas”，故正确答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于观点判断题。综观全文，作者旨在表明他的观点：人们要充分认识水资源的价值，节约用水，以免出现水危机。因此，A“ 刺激国内需求”、B“降低水的价格”都不正确，选项 D 看似合理，但非作者的意图。正确答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。答案在文中显而易见，第四段谈到“For example，often the

48、cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through smallscale projects，such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearly cropland”通过“smallscale”一词即可选出正确答案C。A、B 与文章内容不符，选项 D 未提及。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。文章最后一句中的“countries should set up central auth

49、orities to coordinate water policy”表明了正确答案。为了有效地利用水资源，政府应对其实行中央集权的管理，制定出统一的用水政策。因此答案是 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解16 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节推理题。根据关键词“behavior problems”定位到文章的第一段第三句话。“normal dog activities”=“part of their nature”，所以选 A“是它们天性的一部分”。B“在现代社会变得更加恶劣”，文中没有提及古代、现代或当代。C“在它们变疯时发生”，这是利用文章中的 “wild animals”的“wild”的多义进行干扰，“wild animals”中的 “wild”表示“野生的，未经驯服的”，而在“go wild” 中却表示“疯狂的”，因此可排除。D“对社会构成了危害 ”，这是利用未经训练的狗的恶劣行径来进行干扰，文章的后半部分已经指出了解决方法。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解17 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节推理题。从第一段第一句话和最后一句话判断选项