[考研类试卷]在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编4及答案与解析.doc

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1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 4 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 According to the airline industry statistics, almost 90% of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable. But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips. Experts say that you should read and l

2、isten to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties. You should fasten your seat belt low on your hips as tightly as possible. Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates. During takeoffs and landings you are advised to keep you

3、r feet flat on the floor. Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alternative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary.In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your

4、ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop. If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing. If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation. To evacuate as quickly as possible, fo

5、llow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you. Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you. When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never s

6、moke near the wreckage.1 According to the experts, when should travelers read and listen to safety instructions?（A）Throughout the flight.（B） During landings.（C） Before takeoff.（D）In an emergency.2 Which exits suggested in the passage should an airline passenger locate before takeoff?（A）The ones at t

7、he back of the plane.（B） The nearest one.（C） The ones that can be found in the dark.（D）The two closest to the passengers seat.3 According to the passage people have more chances to survive fires in aircraft if they_.（A）keep their feet flat on the floor（B） keep their heads low（C） fasten their seat be

8、lts tightly（D）read airline safety statistics before takeoff4 Airline passengers are specifically told NOT to_.（A）carry personal belongings in an emergency（B） locate the nearest exit（C） ask questions about safety during the flight（D）jump in any circumstances5 What is the main purpose of the passage?（

9、A）To guide people to survive fires.（B） To provide safety advice.（C） To please travelers.（D）To give the information of airline industry statistics.5 Architecture is the art or science of designing and constructing buildings with durable materials following certain canons.Historically, architecture ha

10、s followed a succession of recognizable styles that may, for example, be identified as Gothic, Baroque, or Neo-Classical; or it has a specific style associated with a particular culture, such as Greek, Roman, or Egyptian.Architectural style, even if it is a country house, factory, hotel, airport, or

11、 religious building reflects the values as well as the needs of the society that produces it. However , it is governed not only by taste and aesthetic interest but also by many practical considerations.The availability of suitable materials is closely linked to the development of skills and influenc

12、ed the shapes of buildings. Carpentry developed in areas of the world that were thickly forested. Although it has become scarcer, timber remains an important building material.In other areas, stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are fireproof and durable. Stone is also a

13、 sculptural material; stone architecture was often integral with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined today because a number of other materials, such as glass, steel, and concrete are more economical to use and assemble.In regions where both timber and stone were scarce, earth itself was u

14、sed as a building material. Mud or clay was compact into walls or made into bricks that were dried in the sun. Later, bricks were baked in kilns, which gave them greater durability.Building with stones or bricks is called masonry. The elements cohere through sheer gravity or the use of mortar. The R

15、omans found natural cement that combined with insert substances, produced concrete. In the early 19th century a truly waterproof cement, the key ingredient of modern cement, was developed. So, it is said that Romans are great contributor to the development of architecture.6 The writer of this articl

16、e does not mention_.（A）the style of the buildings（B） the materials of the buildings（C） the concept of architecture（D）the areas where stone and timber are rich7 What does the word “reflects“(Para. 3)mean?（A）Influences.（B） Affects.（C） Shows.（D）Both A and B8 Architectural style will show_.（A）the values

17、 of people（B） the needs of people（C） the taste of people（D）all of the above9 According to the article, which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）The discovery of new building materials will influence the development of building skills.（B） Stone is both a building material and a sculptural mat

18、erial.（C） In the modern world, more and more other materials have replaced stone and timber as building materials.（D）If an area is short of stone or timber, people usually use bricks as building materials.10 In the architectural history, Romans_.（A）found a natural building material that can be used

19、to produce concrete（B） were the first people who could produce concrete（C） found a truly waterproof cement（D）contributed most to the development of architecture10 How did a peddler of cheap shirts and fishing rods become the mightiest corporation in America? The short version of Wal-Marts rise to gl

20、ory goes something like this: in 1979 it racked up a billion dollars in sales; by 1993 it did that much business in a week; by 2001 it could do it in a day.Its a shocking taleone that propelled Wal-Mart from rural Arkansas, where it was founded in 1962, to the top of the Fortune 500. Sam Walton, Wal

21、-Marts founder pushed sales growth continuously while squeezing costs with sophisticated information technology. He exhorted employees to sell better with the “ten-foot rule“(greet customers if they are that close). He was, in other words, an early evangelist for the first commandment of todays econ

22、omy: service rules. Wal-Mart, in fact, is the first service company to rise to the top of Fortune 500. When Fortune first published its list of the largest companies in America in 1995, Wal-Mart didnt even exist. That year General Motors was Americas biggest company, and in every year that followed,

23、 either GM or another mighty industrial, Exxon, was No. 1.Wal-Marts achievement caps a bigger economic shiftfrom producing goods to providing services. Manufacturings share of U. S. employment peaked in 1953, at 35%. It has been declining steadily since. In the decade that will end in 2010, the Bure

24、au of Labor Statistics figures that goods-producing industries will create 1. 3 million new jobs, compared to 20 million for service industries. To look at it another way, today there are about four times as many people working in service jobs as in other kinds of jobs. And even within manufacturing

25、, services are an increasingly large share of operations.As America got richer, consumption got more complicated. With more income to throw around, people started spending more on servicesmovies and travel, mortgages to buy houses, insurance to protect those houses, the occasional weekends at a luxu

26、ry hotel; Fortune calls this a shift in the demand pattern. Over the few years, only three of the ten fastest-growing occupations(software engineers, nurses, and computer support)pay middle-class salaries. The rest could be called Wal-Mart kinds of jobscashiers, retail assistants, food service, and

27、so on. In short, the service economy is delivering more good jobs than ever before.11 In 1993, Wal-Mart could have a sales volume of two billion dollars in_.（A）one week（B） two weeks（C） one day（D）two days12 To take Wal-Mart to the top of the Fortune 500, Sam Walton_.（A）promoted sales and cut costs at

28、 the same time（B） exhorted employees to sell better with the “ten-foot rule“（C） spared no efforts to push sales growth（D）cut back costs with information technology13 In 1995, _was Americas biggest company.（A）Exxon（B） General Motors（C） Wal-Mart（D）IBM14 Today, _are working in service industry.（A）four

29、out of five（B） 35% workers（C） 20 million（D）1. 3 million 15 According to Fortune, Wal-Marts rise is mainly the result of_.（A）the decline of goods-producing industries（B） the rise of the middle class（C） a shift in the demand pattern（D）Sam Waltons hard work在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解历年真题试卷汇编 4 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解

30、题1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据题干可以定位到文章的第一段中专家所说“你应该在飞机起飞之前阅读并聆听飞行安全说明，如果有疑问就要提出来”。因此答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句话，我们可以知道在飞机起飞前，乘客应该知道离自己最近的出口在哪，因此答案为 B。我们也可以根据常识排除 A，选项 C 和 D 都只谈到了一部分，属于以偏概全的选项。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据题干可定位文中第二段的第二句话，“If smoke is present in

31、the cabin，you should keep your head low”，我们可知如果机舱内起火，乘客应该低下头。因此选 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 这是一道是非判断题。根据文章第二段第四句“To evacuate as quickly as possible，follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you”，我们可知紧急疏散时，专家建议乘客不要携带个人物品，因此应该选A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这是一道主旨题。浏览全文，我们知道全

32、篇都是在讲万一飞机发生事故时，乘客应该具体怎么做，以增加生还的机会。因此文章主要的目的是对乘客进行安全指导，选 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。浏览全文，我们可得知全文第一段谈到了建筑学的概念(选项 C)；第二段在讲建筑风格 (选项 A)；第三段以后的部分一直在谈建筑材料的问题(选项 B)；之后文章说到建筑材料的获得对建筑的影响，但并未谈及哪里石材和木材丰富。因此选 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 这是一道词语理解题。回到“reflect”所在的句子，我们可找到其主语是“Architectural style”，宾

33、语是“values”，我们知道建筑风格只能反映价值观，而不能影响人们的价值观，因此可以确定答案为选项 C。另外，根据排除法，选项A 和选项 B 是同义词，选项 D 是其两者的总结，所以可同时排除。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据文章第三段我们可知，建筑风格反映人们的价值观(选项 A)、需求(选项 B)和品味( 选项 C)，选项 D 涵盖了以上所有部分，是正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 这是一道是非判断题。A 是文中第四段第一句话的同义转述；从第五段的前两句话可知 B 是正确的；从倒数第二段可得知在一些木材和石

34、头稀缺的地区，人们用泥做成砖来盖房子(选项 D)。选项 C 的说法太绝对，第四段最后一句“timber remains an importantbuilding material”告诉我们现在木头仍是重要的建筑材料，因此选 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据文章最后一段，我们可得知 A 是正确的。B和 D 的说法都太绝对，不符合文意。最后一段谈到了 “19 世纪早期，人们发现了一种能真正防水的水泥”并没有说是罗马人发现的，因此可排除 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这是一道细节推断题。文中第一段说到“by 1

35、993 it did that much business in a week”；其中 “that much”指前面一句提到的 “a billion dollars”，那么我们可推算要达到 20 亿美元的销售额要用两周时间，即 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据题干我们可定位第二段的第二句话，从中我们知道沃尔玛的创始人一边千方百计提高销售额，一边以先进的信息技术压缩成本。选项 A 是该句的同义转述，是正确答案。B 只是为了提高销售额的一项举措，而C 和 D 都只涉及其中一方面，所以均应排除。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 B【试

36、题解析】 这是一道细节题。根据“1995”，我们定位文章第二段最后一句话，可得答案为 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 这也是一道细节题。根据题干定位文章第三段倒数第二句话“today there areabout four times as many people working in service jobs as in other kinds of jobs”， 意思是“今天在服务业中工作的人数大约是其他行业的 4 倍。”换句话说，有五分之四的人从事服务行业。因此选 A。C 项是利用文中第三段第四句话“In the decade that will end in 2010，compared to 20 million for service industries”进行干扰，这句话是说在未来的 10 年里，会有 2 000 万人从事服务业，而不是说现在，因此可排除 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 这是一道细节归纳题。文中最后一段中谈到了人们把越来越多的钱花在服务上，后来又说到“财富杂志称这种现象为需求变化(a shift in demand pattern)”，因此答案为 C。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解