[考研类试卷]2013年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2013 年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 bailout2 Ground Zero3 clean energy4 administrative transparency5 healthcare reform package6 Comfortable Housing Project7 proactive fiscal policy8 home appliances going to the countryside9 administrative accountability10 disaster relief11 top legislative body12 defens

2、e expenditure13 rural left-behind population14 minimum living standard15 pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach16 capacity for independent innovation17 the non-public sector of the economy18 the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents19 the campaign to educate Party member

3、s in preserving /to retain their vanguard nature20 the imbalance between urban and rural areas汉译英21 国有企业22 基本医疗体制23 扩大内需24 政府工作报告25 基本医疗保险26 全球变暖27 社会福利制度28 三险一金29 气候变化30 开幕式致辞31 党内民主32 改革攻坚33 脱离实际、急于求成34 诚信缺失35 和而不同36 科学发展观37 文化市场38 文化扶贫计划39 事业编制40 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要英译汉41 In the United States, import

4、s have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department. But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.Some

5、 important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filed, industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, co

6、nsumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with of other advanced nations is terrible, and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keeps that unchanged.Nevertheless, the Reagan administration argues that higher energy prices have led to

7、 energy conservation and that there is therefore no reason for further federal support of research and other conservation programs. But the real issue is how much of what would be economically beneficial is not happening, and will not happen, under current policies. Do most types of energy use techn

8、ologies for supply and distribution, consumer information, manufacturing processes and the rest-reflect the reality of expensive energy or the history of cheap energy? The answer varies by sector. Large businesses with access to expertise and capital have adjusted well. Most other sectors have not i

9、n residential and commercial buildings, which consume a quarter of all the energy used in America. Only a tiny fraction of the economically desirable savings is being captured.In short, a good beginning has been made, but it is only a beginning. To abandon conservation programs and dismantle researc

10、h efforts now is to save small amounts of federal dollars at a very large longer-range cost to the economy. And hopeful talk about the end of the energy crisis ignores the painful lessons of the past decade.汉译英42 我把那封信寄了出去，急切地等待着她的答复。但是，她的答复始终没有等到，我的急切变成了失望，失望变成了无奈，最后，无奈变成了平静。想那封信未必到了母亲的手里。我只知道，写过那封

11、信，我就可以还母亲以她本来的面目了。在她生命的最后 15 年里，我们按照她的方式保持了一种轻松、亲密、愉快的关系。2013 年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 紧急救助2 【正确答案】 “ 爆心投影点 ”组织3 【正确答案】 清洁能源4 【正确答案】 政务透明5 【正确答案】 医改方案6 【正确答案】 安居工程7 【正确答案】 积极的财政政策8 【正确答案】 家电下乡9 【正确答案】 行政问责制10 【正确答案】 赈灾；灾难援助11 【正确答案】 最高立法机关12 【正确答案】 国防支出；国防开支13 【正确答案】 农村留守人口14 【正确答案】 最低生活标准；

12、低保15 【正确答案】 实事求是16 【正确答案】 自主创新能力17 【正确答案】 非公有制经济18 【正确答案】 城乡居民基本生活保障制度19 【正确答案】 保持党员先进性教育活动20 【正确答案】 城乡发展不平衡汉译英21 【正确答案】 state-owned enterprise22 【正确答案】 basic medicine system23 【正确答案】 expand domestic demand24 【正确答案】 Report on the Work of the Government25 【正确答案】 basic medical insurance26 【正确答案】 globa

13、l warming27 【正确答案】 social welfare system28 【正确答案】 three insurances (endowment insurance, medical insurance, and unemployment insurance) and one fund (housing provident fund)29 【正确答案】 climate change30 【正确答案】 opening speech31 【正确答案】 inner-party democracy32 【正确答案】 further reform in difficult areas33 【正

14、确答案】 unrealistic pursuit of quick results34 【正确答案】 lack of credibility35 【正确答案】 harmony in diversity36 【正确答案】 Scientific Outlook on Development37 【正确答案】 cultural market38 【正确答案】 culture-aid program39 【正确答案】 staffing of government affiliated institutions40 【正确答案】 the National Program for Long-and Med

15、ium-Term Scientific and Technological Development英译汉41 【正确答案】 由于情况有了改善，政府就振振有词地主张撤销能源部。从表面上看，供应中断造成危害的可能性的确减少了，但是，这只是一种危险的假象。石油价格管制取消了，战略石油储备终趋于完成，工业中的能源利用率大大提高，耗油过多的汽车已濒于绝迹。但是，天然气价格仍然被人为地压低，消费者在住宅节能方面仍然得不到稳妥的帮助，公共交通同其他先进国家相比糟糕透顶，而且，由于缺乏大量的汽油税，情况至今仍无改变。大多数利用能源的环节供应和分配技术、消费者信息、制造工艺等的现状又怎样呢? 究竟是反映了能源昂

16、贵的现实呢，还是反映了能源低廉的历史呢? 答案视不同部门而定。拥有技术人才和资本的大企业已经做了妥善的调整。大多数其他部门还没有适应这种现实。居民住宅和商业建筑所消耗的能源占美国全部能源消耗量的四分之一。这些地方实行节约，在经济上是可取的，可是现已实现的节约却微乎其微，还大有潜力可挖。总之，我们已经有了一个良好的开端，但这也仅仅是开始而已。现在就放弃节能计划，停止能源研究工作，可以给联邦政府节省少量开支，但从比较长远的观点来看，只能使经济蒙受重大损失。那种能源危机已经过去的乐观论调，只能是对过去十年的痛苦教训的忽视。 汉译英42 【正确答案】 I posted that letter and

17、waited for her reply anxiously. However, my eagerness turns to disappointment, disappointment turns to helpless, and finally it turns to serenity as I never received her reply. I guess that letter may not reach to my mother and the only thing I know is I revived her original features after wrote to her. In the last 15 years of her life, we maintained a relaxed, intimated and happy relationship in her way.