[考研类试卷]2010年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2010 年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、阅读理解0 My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing; but the desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, never

2、theless. I first wanted to be a cabin boy, so that 1 could come out with a white apron on and shake a tablecloth over the side, where all my old comrades could see me. Later I thought I would rather be the deck hand who stood on the end of the stage plank with a coil of rope in his hand, because he

3、was particularly conspicuous.But these were only daydreamstoo heavenly to be contemplated as real possibilities. By and by one of the boys went away. He was not heard of for a long time. At last he turned up as an apprentice engineer or “sinker“on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all

4、my Sunday-school teachings. That boy had been notoriously worldly and I had been just reverseyet he was exalted to this eminence, and I was left in obscurity and misery. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty bolt to scrub while his boat

5、 was docked at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him and envy him and loathe him.He used all sorts of steamboat technicalities in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them. He would speak of the “l

6、abboard“ side of a horse in an easy, natural way that would make you wish he was dead. And he was always talking about “St. Looy“ like an old citizen. Two or three of the boys had long been persons of consideration among us because they had been to St. Louis once and had a vague general knowledge of

7、 its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now. They lapsed into a humble silence, and learned to disappear when the ruthless “cub“ engineer approached. This fellow had money, too, and hair oil, and he wore a showy brass watch chain a leather belt, and used no suspenders. No girl could withst

8、and his charms. He “cut out“every boy in the village. When his boat blew up at last, it diffused a tranquil contentment among us such as we had not known for months. But when he came home the next week, alive, renowned, and appeared in church all battered up and bandaged, a shining hero, stared at a

9、nd wondered over by everybody, it seemed to us that the partiality of Providence for an undeserving reptile had reached a point where it was open to criticism.This creatures career could produce but one result, and it speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river, four sons of the chi

10、ef merchant, and two sons of the country judge became pilots, the grandest position of all. But some of us could not get on the riverat least our parents would not let us.So by and by I ran away. I said I would never come home again till I was a pilot and cold return in glory. But somehow I could no

11、t manage it. I went meekly aboard a few of the boats that lay packed together like sardines at the long St. Louis wharf, and very humbly inquired for the pilots, but got only a cold shoulder and short words from mates and clerks. I had to make the best of this sort of treatment for the time being, b

12、ut I had comforting daydreams of a future when I should be a great and honored pilot, with plenty of money, and could kill some of these mates and clerks and pay for them.1 The author makes the statement that“ I supposed he . offended him“(Para. 1, Lines 1 - 2)primarily to suggest_.（A）the power held

13、 by a justice of the peace in a frontier town（B） the naive view that he held of his fathers importance（C） the respect in which the townspeople held his father（D）the possibility of miscarriages of justice on the American frontier2 The author decides that he would rather become a deck hand than a cabi

14、n boy because_.（A）he believes that the work is easier（B） he wants to avoid seeing his old friends（C） deck hands often go on to become pilots（D）the job is more visible to passersby3 The author most likely mentions his “Sunday-school teachings“(Para. 2)to emphasize_.（A）the influence of his early educa

15、tion in later life（B） his sense of injustice at the engineers success（C） his disillusionment with longstanding religious beliefs（D）determination to become an engineer at all costs4 The author most likely concludes that the engineer is not “ generous“(Para. 2)because he_.（A）has no respect for religio

16、us beliefs（B） refuses to share his wages with friends（C） flaunts his new position in public（D）takes a pride in material possessions5 The author mentions the use of “steamboat technicalities“(Para. 3)in order to emphasize the engineers_.（A）expertise after a few months on the job（B） fascination for tr

17、ivial information（C） inability to communicate effectively（D）desire to appear sophisticated6 According to the passage, the glory of having visited St. Louis was over because_.（A）the boys knowledge of St. Louis was much less detailed than the engineers（B） St. Louis had changed so much that the boys st

18、ories were no longer accurate（C） the boys realized that traveling to St. Louis was not a mark of sophistication（D）the engineers account revealed that the boys stories were lies7 The authors response to the engineers survival(Para. 3)is one of_.（A）thankfulness for what he believes is Gods providence（

19、B） astonishment at the engineers miraculous escape（C） outrage at his rivals undeserved good fortune（D）sympathy for the extent of the engineers wounds8 The major purpose of the passage is to_.（A）sketch the peaceful life of a frontier town（B） relate the events that led to a boys first success in life（

20、C） portray the unsophisticated ambitions of a boy（D）describe the characteristics of a small-town boaster8 The ozone layer, the fragile layer of gas surrounding our planet between 7 and 30 miles above the earths surface, is being rapidly depleted. Seasonally occurring holes have appeared in it over t

21、he Poles and, recently, over densely populated temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The threat is serious because the ozone layer protects the earth from the suns ultraviolet radiation, which is harmful to all living organisms.Even though the layer is many miles thick, the atmosphere in it

22、is tenuous and the total amount of ozone, compared with other atmospheric gases, is small. Ozone is highly reactive to chlorine, hydrogen , and nitrogen. Of course chlorine is the most dangerous since it is very stable and long-lived. When chlorine compounds reach the stratosphere, they bond with an

23、d destroy ozone molecules, with consequent repercussions for life on Earth.In 1958, researchers began noticing seasonal variations in the ozone layer above the South Pole. Between June and October the ozone content steadily fell, followed by a sudden increase in November. These fluctuations appeared

24、 to result from the natural effects of wind and temperature. But while the low October levels remained constant until 1979, the total ozone content over the Pole was steadily diminishing. In 1985, public opinion was finally aroused by reports of a“hole“in the layer.The culprits responsible for the h

25、ole were identified as compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. CFCs are compounds of chlorine and fluorine. Nonflammable, nontoxic and noncorrosive, they have been widely used in industry since the 1950s, mostly as refrigerants and propellants and in making plastic foam and insulation.In 19

26、89 CFCs represented a sizable market value at over $1.5 billion and a labor force of 1.6 million. But with CFCs implicated in ozone depletion, the question arose as to whether we were wiling to risk an increase in cases of skin cancer, eye ailments, even a lowering of the human immune defense system

27、all effects of further loss of the ozone layer. And not only humans would suffer. So would plant life. Phytoplankton, the first link in the ocean food chain and vital to the survival of most marine species, would not be able to survive near the ocean surface, which is where these organisms grow.In 1

28、990, 70 countries agreed to stop producing CFCs by the year 2000. In late 1991 , however, scientists noticed a depletion of the ozone layer over the Arctic. In 1992, it was announced that the layer was depleting faster then expected and that it was also declining over the northern hemisphere. Scient

29、ists believe that natural events are making the problem worse. The Pinatubo volcano in the Philippines, which erupted in June 1991, released 12 million tons of damaging volcanic gases into the atmosphere.Even if the whole world agreed today to stop all production and use of CFCs, this would not solv

30、e the problem. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 10, 000-100, 000 molecules of ozone. Furthermore, CFCs have a lifespan of 75 - 400 years and they take ten years to reach the ozone layer. In other words, what we are experiencing today results from CFCs emitted ten years ago.Researchers are work

31、ing hard to find substitute products. Some are too dangerous because they are highly flammable; others may prove to be toxic and to contribute to the greenhouse effectto the process of global warming. Nevertheless, even if there is no denying that atmosphere is in a state of disturbance, nobody can

32、say that the situation will not improve, either in the short or the long term, especially if we ourselves lend a hand.9 As it is described in the passage, the major function of the ozone layer is closest to that of_.（A）an emergency evacuation place for a skyscraper（B） a central information desk at a

33、 convention centre（C） the filtering system for a city water supply（D）the structural support for a suspension bridge10 The word “tenuous“(Para. 2)most nearly means_.（A）hazy（B） tense（C） clear（D）thin11 Which of the following does the passage imply about the“seasonal variations in the ozone layer“(Para.

34、 3)observed by scientists in 1958?（A）They were caused by industrial substances other than CFCs.（B） They created alarm among scientists but not the public.（C） They were least stable in the months between June and November.（D）They opened the public eyes to the threat of ozone depletion.12 The author m

35、entions market and workforce figures related to CFC production in order to point out that_.（A）responsibility for the problems of ozone depletion lies primarily with industry（B） the disadvantages of CFCs are obvious while the benefits are not（C） the magnitude of profits from CFCs has turned public op

36、inion against the industrys practices（D）while the economic stakes are large, they are overshadowed by the effects of CFCs13 In Para. 6, the author cites the evidence of changes in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere to indicate that_.（A）the danger of ozone depletion appear to be intensifyin

37、g（B） ozone depletion is posing an immediate threat to many marine species（C） scientists are unsure about the ultimate effects of ozone loss on plants（D）CFCs are not the primary cause of ozone depletion in such areas14 Which of the following scientists apparently believe about the“ volcanic gases“ me

38、ntioned in Para. 6?（A）They are hastening ozone loss at present.（B） They contribute more to global warming than to ozone loss.（C） They pose a greater long-term threat than CFCs.（D）They contain molecules that are less destructive of ozone than CFCs.15 The authors reference to the long life of chlorine

39、 molecules(Para. 7)is meant to show that_.（A）there is more than adequate time to develop a long-term strategy against ozone loss（B） the positive effects of actions taken against ozone loss will be gradual（C） the long-term effects of ozone loss on human health may never be known（D）it is doubtful that

40、 normal levels of ozone can ever be reestablished16 In the final paragraph, the author tries to emphasize that_.（A）researchers are unlikely to find effective substitutes for CFCs（B） human action can alleviate the decline of the ozone layer（C） people must learn to line with the damaging effects of in

41、dustrial pollutants（D）atmospheric conditions are largely beyond human control16 Maman-Nainaine said that when the figs were ripe Babette might go to visit her cousin down on the Bayou-Lafourche where the sugar cane grows. Not that the ripening of the figs had the least thing to do with it, but that

42、is the way Maman-Nainaine was.It seemed to Babette a very long time to wait; for the leaves upon the trees were tender yet, and the figs were like little hard green marbles.But warm rains came along and plenty of strong sunshine; and though Maman-Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone, a

43、nd Babette as restless as a hummingbird, the first thing they both knew it was hot summertime. Every day Babette danced out to where the fig trees were in a long line against the fence. She walked slowly beneath them, carefully peering between the gnarled, spreading branches. But each time she came

44、disconsolate away again. What she saw there finally was something that made her sing and dance the whole day long.When Maman-Nainaine sat down in her stately way to breakfast, the following morning, her muslin cap standing like an aureole about her white, placid face, Babette approached. She bore a

45、dainty porcelain platter, which she set down before her godmother. It contained a dozen purple figs, fringed around with their rich, green leaves.“Ah, “said Maman-Nainaine arching her eyebrows, “ how early the figs have ripened this year!“Oh, “said Babette. “I think they have ripened very late. “ Ba

46、bette, “ continued Maman-Nainaine, as she peeled the very plumpest figs with her pointed silver fruit-knives, “you will carry my love to them all down to Bayou-Lafourche. And tell your Tante Frosine I shall look for her at Toussaintwhen the chrysanthemums are in bloom.17 Which of the following does

47、the phrase “but that is the way Maman-Nainaine was“ suggest about Maman-Nainaine?（A）She was not aware of the seriousness of the situation.（B） She was an overtly strict woman.（C） Her actions had their own logic.（D）She gave out punishment for no reason.18 All of the following pairs of words illustrate

48、 the difference between Maman-Nainaine and Babette EXCEPT_.（A）patient and “restless“（B） ripe and “bloom“（C） purple and green（D）early and late19 Which of the following does the word “though“(Line 1 , Para. 3)imply in the context of the sentence?（A）The two women were in disagreement.（B） Patience is a

49、virtue when waiting for something.（C） Maman-Nainaines patience was annoying to Babette.（D）Their patience and impatience had no effect on nature.20 The narrative point of view of the passage as a whole is that of_.（A）a third-person objective observer（B） a first-person impartial observer（C） the protagonist（D）a disapproving observer二、句子改错21 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a“