MSFC NASA MPR 1860 2 REV D-2008 NONIONIZING RADIATION SAFETY《非电离辐射安全》.pdf

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1、CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE MPR 1860.2 BASELINE EFFECTIVE DATE: October 23, 2008 EXPIRATION DATE: October 23, 2013 MARSHALL PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS AS01 NONIONIZING RADIATION SAFETY Provided by

2、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 2 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.ht

3、m VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG Status (Baseline/ Revision/ Canceled) Document Revision Effective Date Description Baseline 10/23/2008 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requi

4、rements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 3 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface P.1 Purpose P.2 Applicability P.

5、3 Authority P.4 Applicable Documents P.5 References P.6 Cancellation Document Content 1. Definitions 2. Responsibilities 3. Procedure 4. Records 5. Flow Diagram Chapter 1, General Procedures Chapter 2, Lasers and Optical Radiation Devices Chapter 3, Radio Frequency/Microwave Radiation Devices Append

6、ix A: ANSI Z136.1 Table 10, Control Measures for the Seven Laser Classes Appendix B: ANSI Z136.1 Table C1, Typical Laser Classification Continuous Wave (CW) Point Source Lasers Appendix C: ANSI Z136.1 Table C2, Typical Laser Classification Single Pulse Point Source Lasers Appendix D: IEEE Std C95.1

7、Table 8, MPE for the Upper Tier (People in Controlled Environments) Appendix E: IEEE Std C95.1 Table 9, Action Level (MPE for the General Public when an RF Safety Program is Unavailable) Appendix F: TLVs for Selected UV Wavelengths Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted

8、 without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 4 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE PRE

9、FACE P.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this Marshall Procedural Requirements (MPR) is to establish centralized control over the use of nonionizing radiation producing devices (NRPD) to ensure that exposure shall be adequately controlled to prevent adverse effects on the health and safety of employees. P.2

10、APPLICABILITY This MPR applies to the personnel, programs, projects, and activities at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) including contractors and resident agencies to the extent specified in their respective contracts or agreements. (“Contractors,” for purposes of this paragraph, include contract

11、ors, grantees, Cooperative Agreement recipients, Space Act Agreement partners, or other agreement parties.) P.3 AUTHORITY a. 21 CFR Part 1010, “Performance Standards for Electronic Products: General” b. 21 CFR Part 1040, “Performance Standards for Light Emitting Products” c. 29 CFR Part 1910.97, “No

12、nionizing Radiation” d. 29 CFR Part 1926.54, “Nonionizing Radiation” e. 29 CFR Part 1926.102, “Eye and Face Protection” f. MPD 1860.2, “Radiation Safety Program” g. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), “TLVs and BEIs - Based on the Documentation of Threshold Limit Value

13、s for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents including laser diodes not associated with OFCS, and lasers incorporated in equipment, instrumentation, or other devices. In cases where applicability of program requirements is unclear to the user organization and cannot otherwise be determined, just Se

14、ctions I and II are completed and submitted for review and preliminary evaluation by RSO. Based upon this review, additional data and information may be required by the RSO to complete the authorization process. CH2.3.1.2 MSFC Form 4503, “OFCS Laser Use Request/ Authorization,” shall be completed fo

15、r evaluation of all OFCS systems incorporating Class 3b or 4 lasers. In cases where applicability of program requirements is unclear to the user organization and cannot otherwise be determined, just Sections I and II are completed and submitted for review and preliminary evaluation by the RSO. Based

16、 upon this review, additional data and information may be required by the RSO to complete the authorization process. CH2.3.1.3 MSFC Form 4504, “Optical Device Use Request/Authorization,” shall be completed and submitted for evaluation of all intended uses of non-laser optical radiation devices. In c

17、ases where applicability of program requirements is unclear to the user organization and cannot otherwise be determined, just Sections I and II are completed and submitted for review and preliminary evaluation by the RSO. Based upon this review, additional data and information may be required by the

18、 RSO to complete the authorization process. CH2.3.2 Elements of a complete data submittal package for Use Request/Authorization include, but may not necessarily be limited to: CH2.3.2.1 The appropriate MSFC Nonionizing Radiation Safety Program Use Request/Authorization form as described by paragraph

19、 2.3.1. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 17 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/dir

20、ectives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE CH2.3.2.2 Copies of all applicable procedures relating to possession and use of the NRPD(s) for which authorization is being requested. CH2.3.2.3 Listing, by full name and badge number, of all proposed user/operator personnel.

21、 CH2.3.2.4 Copies of all applicable nonionizing radiation training certificates for use/operator personnel. CH2.3.3 Upon review of the Use Request/Authorization form, the RSO shall add the specific radiological safety requirements and sign the form. The RSOs signature on the form constitutes the aut

22、horization for the use of the NRPD(s). The RSO keeps the original, and a copy is posted at the NRPD location. CH2.3.4 Any intended changes to applicable procedures, licenses or registrations, facilities, personnel, or equipment or materials described by the current use authorization shall require th

23、e submittal of a new Use Request/Authorization form prior to the implementation of the intended changes. At the discretion of the RSO, minor changes can be made without submittal of a new form. CH2.4 Exempt Devices CH2.4.1 A variety of commercially-available consumer, business, and industrial applic

24、ation laser and optical radiation devices are exempted from the authorization requirements of the Nonionizing Radiation Safety Program because of their common usage and negligible potential for hazardous exposure under conditions of normal use. Individuals shall consult with the RSO if there is a qu

25、estion regarding applicability of program exemption to their particular situation or device. CH2.4.2 The following devices are exempt from control: CH2.4.2.1 Lasers and laser systems which are designated Class 1, 1M, 2, 2M, and 3R such as laser printers, laser copiers, CD/DVD players, bar code scann

26、ers, laser pointers, etc. CH2.4.2.2 Equipment utilizing non-laser optical devices such as photographic strobe units and high intensity discharge lamps utilized for facility lighting. CH2.4.2.3 Infrared devices with accessible irradiance less than 10 mW/cm2 for an exposure of 1000 seconds. CH2.4.2.4

27、Visible radiation devices with accessible luminance less than 1 candela per square centimeter (cd/ cm2). CH2.4.2.5 Ultraviolet radiation devices with accessible effective irradiance of 1.0 J/cm2 1000 seconds. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I

28、HS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 18 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE CH2.4.3 Exemptions are va

29、lid for the general categories of equipment, instruments, and systems identified above provided that: CH2.4.3.1 The individual item is maintained in its original design configuration and utilized for its originally-intended use over the useful life of the item. CH2.4.3.2 The design and manufacture o

30、f the item is in accordance with the specifications of the Federal Performance Standard for Light Emitting Products (21 CFR Part 1040). CH2.4.3.3 The item is operated in accordance with the manufacturers recommended operating procedures. CH2.4.4 Maintenance, service, or repair activities which could

31、 expose personnel to accessible levels of radiation equal to or greater than the levels described or implied are performed only by appropriately-authorized and qualified personnel. CH2.4.5 Exemption of radiation devices from the authorization requirements of the Nonionizing Radiation Protection Prog

32、ram shall not be construed to exempt the user from other safety requirements relating to potential hazards associated with operation of the item, such as electrical hazards, fire hazards, heat, explosion/fragmentation of glass envelopes, etc. CH2.4.6 Notwithstanding the negligible potential nonioniz

33、ing radiation hazard characteristically represented by exempted sources, users should avoid: CH2.4.6.1 Close or prolonged direct viewing of the devices. CH2.4.6.2 Intrabeam viewing conditions of any duration. CH2.4.6.3 Viewing of specularly (mirror-like) reflected emissions from exempted devices. CH

34、2.5 Radiation Protection Controls for Lasers and Laser Systems CH2.5.1 The following general considerations shall be given to laser and laser system set up: CH2.5.1.1 Radiation protection controls shall be devised to reduce the possibility of exposure of the eye or skin to hazardous levels of laser

35、radiation and to other hazards associated with the operation of laser devices during normal operation and maintenance. CH2.5.1.2 For all uses of lasers and laser systems, the minimum level of laser radiation required for the application shall be utilized. CH2.5.1.3 Where possible, the laser beam hei

36、ght shall be maintained at a level other than the normal position of the eye of a person in the standing or seated position. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2

37、 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 19 of 44 CHECK THE MASTER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE CH2.5.1.4 Engineering control measures (items incorporated into the laser or laser system and/or laser instal

38、lation by design) shall be given primary consideration for limiting access to laser radiation. CH2.5.1.5 If engineering controls are impractical or inadequate, administrative and procedural controls and protective equipment shall be used to limit access to laser radiation. CH2.5.2 Required engineeri

39、ng control measures described in this procedure can, upon review and approval by the RSO, be replaced by procedural, administrative, or other alternate engineering controls which provide equivalent protection. The following are required engineering controls: CH2.5.2.1 A protective housing shall be p

40、rovided for all classes of lasers or laser systems. CH2.5.2.2 Protective housings which enclose embedded Class 3b or Class 4 lasers or laser systems shall be provided with an interlock system which is activated when the protective housing is intended to be opened during operations and maintenance. C

41、H2.5.2.3 Fail-safe interlocks shall be provided for any portion of the protective housing which, by design, can be removed or displaced during normal operations and maintenance and thereby allowing access to radiation of an embedded Class 3b or Class 4 laser. CH2.5.2.4 Portions of the protective hou

42、sing which are intended to be removed only by service personnel and permit direct access to embedded Class 3b or Class 4 laser radiation shall: a. Either be interlocked or require a tool for removal. b. Have an appropriate warning label on the panel. c. If the interlock can be bypassed or defeated,

43、have a warning label located on or near the interlock. CH2.5.2.5 A Class 4 laser or laser system shall be provided with a master switch which is operated by a key or by coded access (computer code). CH2.5.2.6 The master switch shall be disabled when the laser or laser system is not intended to be us

44、ed. CH2.5.2.7 If a key is used the key shall be removed from the laser. It is recommended that the same system be used on Class 3b lasers and laser systems. CH2.5.2.8 All viewing portals and display screens included as an integral part of a Class 3b or Class 4 laser or laser system shall incorporate

45、 a suitable means (filters, interlocks, attenuators) to Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Marshall Procedural Requirements AS01 Nonionizing Radiation Safety MPR 1860.2 Revision: Baseline Date: October 23, 2008 Page 20 of 44 CHECK THE MA

46、STER LIST at https:/repository.msfc.nasa.gov/directives/directives.htm VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION BEFORE USE maintain the laser radiation at the viewing position at or below the applicable MPE for all conditions of operation and maintenance. CH2.5.2.9 All collecting optics, such as lens

47、es, telescopes, microscopes, endoscopes, etc., intended for viewing use with a Class 3b or Class 4 laser or laser system shall incorporate a suitable means (filters, interlocks, attenuators) to maintain the laser radiation at the viewing position at or below the applicable MPE for all conditions of

48、operation and maintenance. CH2.5.2.10 A Class 4 laser or laser system shall be provided with a remote interlock connector such that when the terminals of the remote interlock connector are open circuited, the accessible radiation level does not exceed the appropriate MPE levels. It is recommended th

49、at the same system be used on Class 3b lasers and laser systems. CH2.5.2.11 A Class 4 laser or laser system shall be provided with a permanently attached beam stop or attenuator which is capable of preventing access to laser radiation in excess of the appropriate MPE level when the laser or laser system output is not required. It is recommended that the same system