ITU-T K 91-2012 Guidance for assessment evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (Study Group 5)《人体暴露于射频电磁场的评估 评价和检测的指南 5号研究组》.pdf
《ITU-T K 91-2012 Guidance for assessment evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (Study Group 5)《人体暴露于射频电磁场的评估 评价和检测的指南 5号研究组》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ITU-T K 91-2012 Guidance for assessment evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (Study Group 5)《人体暴露于射频电磁场的评估 评价和检测的指南 5号研究组》.pdf(78页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T K.91TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2012) SERIES K: PROTECTION AGAINST INTERFERENCE Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields Recommendation ITU-T K.91 Rec. ITU-T K.9
2、1 (05/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T K.91 Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields Summary There are many possible methods of exposure assessment and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Recommendation ITU-T K.91 g
3、ives guidance on how to assess and monitor human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) in areas with surrounding radiocommunication installations based on existing exposure and compliance standards in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 300 GHz. This includes procedures of evalua
4、ting exposure and how to show compliance with exposure limits with reference to existing standards. Recommendation ITU-T K.91 is oriented to the examination of the area accessible to people in the real environment of currently operated services with many different sources of RF EMF, but also gives r
5、eferences to standards and Recommendations related to EMF compliance of products. This Recommendation includes an electronic attachment containing an uncertainty calculator and the Watt Guard modules. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T K.91 2012-05-29 5 ii Rec. ITU-T K.91
6、(05/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsibl
7、e for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T
8、study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative ba
9、sis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandator
10、y provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The u
11、se of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes n
12、o position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,
13、 protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No
14、part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T K.91 (05/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 7 4 Abbreviations
15、and acronyms 7 5 General guidance 8 5.1 General public and occupational exposure . 10 5.2 Existing or planned transmitting station . 10 5.3 Collection of data concerning the sources of radiation 10 5.4 One or more sources of radiation, total exposure . 12 5.5 Field regions . 13 5.6 Basic restriction
16、s and reference levels . 13 5.7 Exposure limits . 13 5.8 Compliance assessment 14 5.9 Uncertainty evaluation 14 5.10 Exposure assessment in areas around hospitals, schools, etc. 15 6 General characteristics of typical sources of the radiation . 15 6.1 AM transmitting stations 16 6.2 SW transmitting
17、station main beam tilt . 16 6.3 Fixed amateur stations 16 6.4 Fixed point-to-point systems 16 6.5 Handsets isotropic sources 17 6.6 VHF and UHF broadcasting transmitting stations . 21 6.7 2G and 3G mobile base stations . 21 6.8 Smart (adaptive) antennas 22 6.9 Vehicle mounted antennas (such as polic
18、e car) 22 7 Exposure assessment 22 7.1 Pre-analysis . 22 7.2 Measurements . 22 7.3 Calculations 29 7.4 Comparison between measurement and calculations . 34 7.5 Monitoring RF EMF levels 36 8 Conclusions following the exposure assessment 36 9 Final report . 36 10 Field levels around typical transmitti
19、ng antennas 37 11 Conclusions 37 iv Rec. ITU-T K.91 (05/2012) Page Appendix I Exposure limits 38 I.1 Introduction 38 I.2 Exposure limits . 38 I.3 ICNIRP exposure limits . 38 I.4 Simultaneous exposure to multiple sources . 40 I.5 IEEE International Committee Electromagnetic Safety (ICES) exposure lim
20、its . 41 Appendix II Time averaging . 43 II.1 Analysis of time variations of measured electric fields from WCDMA mobile base stations 43 II.2 Analysis of time variations of measured electric fields from GSM mobile base stations 48 II.3 Results and discussion 49 II.4 Discussion about the number of sa
21、mpling data and averaging time 51 Appendix III Examples of RF EMF levels in areas accessible to the general public . 53 Appendix IV Software Watt Guard 57 Appendix V Software “Uncertainty calculator“ 58 V.1 Introduction 58 V.2 Brief descriptions of the software . 58 V.3 Examples 60 Appendix VI Examp
22、les for evaluating electromagnetic fields in general public environments with broadband radio signals . 64 VI.1 Method for evaluating electromagnetic fields in general public environments with broadband signals 64 VI.2 Effect of RBWs on measured electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base stations
23、 65 Appendix VII Example of block diagram with possible activities during exposure assessment 68 Bibliography. 69 Electronic attachment: Uncertainty calculator and Watt Guard Rec. ITU-T K.91 (05/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T K.91 Guidance for assessment, evaluation and monitoring of human exposure to
24、 radio frequency electromagnetic fields 1 Scope This Recommendation1gives guidance on how to assess and monitor human exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) in areas with surrounding radiocommunication installations based on existing exposure and compliance standards in the fr
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