ITU-R REPORT RS 2096-2007 Sharing of the 10 6-10 68 GHz band by the fixed and mobile services and the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive)《固定和移动业务以及地球探测卫星业务(无源)在10 6-10 68.pdf
《ITU-R REPORT RS 2096-2007 Sharing of the 10 6-10 68 GHz band by the fixed and mobile services and the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive)《固定和移动业务以及地球探测卫星业务(无源)在10 6-10 68.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ITU-R REPORT RS 2096-2007 Sharing of the 10 6-10 68 GHz band by the fixed and mobile services and the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive)《固定和移动业务以及地球探测卫星业务(无源)在10 6-10 68.pdf(41页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 1 REPORT ITU-R RS.2096 Sharing of the 10.6-10.68 GHz band by the fixed and mobile services and the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) (2007) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 2 2 EESS (passive) . 2 2.1 Applications 2 2.2 Passive sensor parameters. 2 2.3 Permissible
2、 interference criteria . 5 2.4 Current radio frequency interference in the 10.6-10.68 GHz. 5 3 Fixed and mobile service parameters . 6 3.1 Fixed service. 6 3.2 Mobile service 8 4 Simulation studies 8 4.1 General simulation methodology 8 4.2 Simulation study number 1. 9 4.2.1 Point-to-point FS system
3、s 11 4.2.2 Point-to-multipoint FS systems 14 4.3 Simulation study number 2. 17 4.4 Simulation study number 3. 19 4.4.1 Point-to-multipoint FS Systems . 19 4.4.2 Point-to-point FS systems 21 4.4.3 Mobile systems 23 4.5 Simulation study number 4. 24 4.5.1 Point-to-point FS systems 24 4.5.2 Mobile syst
4、ems 27 2 Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 Page 4.6 Summary of sharing study results. 31 5 Mitigation approaches 36 5.1 Earth exploration-satellite service (passive). 36 5.2 Fixed service. 38 5.3 Mobile service 40 6 Conclusions 40 7 Supporting ITU-R documents 41 1 Introduction The purpose of this Report is to summ
5、arize the results of the studies related to sharing of the 10.6-10.68 GHz band by the fixed and mobile services and the Earth exploration-satellite service (EESS) (passive). 2 EESS (passive) 2.1 Applications The band 10.6-10.7 GHz is of primary interest to measure rain, snow, sea state and ocean win
6、d for ocean and land surfaces. This frequency band is considered as an all-weather region suitable for using multispectral systems to establish surface material properties. Over land surfaces, the measurements performed at 10 GHz are suitable to estimate vegetation biomass once the soil moisture con
7、tribution is known. Over sea surfaces, the band at 10 GHz is adequate for measuring the sea surface and wind speed. In particular, measurements at 10 GHz providing wind speed measurements are essential to get accurate knowledge of sea surface temperature using the 6 GHz data offering the best sensit
8、ivity to sea surface temperature. A number of sensors are already using or are planning to use this frequency band in the near future for such measurements. These measurements are fully operational (regular use of the data, continuity of service, several usable data products) and are used on a world
9、wide basis. The retrieved data are used and exchanged between the meteorological organizations in all regions. It is to be noted that the retrieved parameters are actually derived from a set of measurements performed at five frequencies which are interrelated (6, 10, 18, 24 and 36.5 GHz). 2.2 Passiv
10、e sensor parameters Table 1 summarizes the parameters of conical scanning passive sensors that are or will be operating in the 10.6-10.68 GHz band as illustrated in Fig. 1. Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 3 TABLE 1 Passive sensor parameters Channel 10.6-10.7 GHz SENSOR 1 10 GHz AMSR-E CMIS Channel bandwidth (MHz
11、) 100 100 100 Pixel size across track (km) 56.7 27.5 42.9 Offset angle to the nadir or half-cone angle (degrees) 44.3 47.5 48.6 Incidence angle i at footprint centre (degrees) 52 55 58.1 Polarization H, V H, V H, V, R, L Altitude of the satellite (km) 817 705 833 Maximum antenna gain (dBi) 36 42 45
12、Reflector diameter (m) 0.9 1.6 2.2 Useful swath (km) 1 594 1 450 1 893 Half-power antenna beam width 3 dB (degrees) 2.66 1.4 1.02 Scan rate in rpm (rounds per minute) 20 40 31.6 H: horizontal V: vertical R: right L: left FIGURE 1 Geometry of conical scan passive microwave radiometers The antennas of
13、 passive sensors are modelled according to the following Figs. 2 to 4. 4 Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 FIGURE 2 SENSOR-1 antenna gain pattern at 10.6 GHz FIGURE 3 AMSR-E antenna gain pattern at 10.6 GHz FIGURE 4 CMIS antenna gain pattern at 10.6 GHz Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 5 2.3 Permissible interference criteria Re
14、commendation ITU-R RS.1029 Interference criteria for satellite passive remote sensing, recommends permissible interference levels and reference bandwidths for use in any interference assessment or sharing studies. The permissible interference levels for the 10.6-10.7 GHz band are 156 dBW in a refere
15、nce bandwidth of 100 MHz for current passive sensors, and 166 dBW in a reference bandwidth of 100 MHz for future passive sensors that are more sensitive than the currently operational passive sensors. The first number is indicated for sharing conditions circa 2003; while the second number is for sci
16、entific requirements that are technically achievable by sensors in the next 5-10 years. Recommendation ITU-R RS.1029 also specifies that these interference levels should not be exceeded for more than 0.1% of sensor viewing area, described as a measurement area of a square on the Earth of 10 000 000
17、km2unless otherwise justified. 2.4 Current radio frequency interference in the 10.6-10.68 GHz On a general basis, low levels of interference received at the input of passive sensors would degrade passive sensor operations acknowledging that, in particular, the sensors are not able to discriminate be
18、tween these natural radiations and man-made radiations. On the other hand, when levels of interference are very high, at several order of magnitude compared to the sensitivity, the corresponding levels may be detected as not natural and have to be disregarded. Figure 5 is a global composite image of
19、 radio-frequency interference (RFI) in different microwave frequencies derived from one month of AMSR-E sensor data (August 2004) (yellow is the 6-7 GHz and red 10.6 GHz). FIGURE 5 Radio frequency interference to AMSR-E passive sensor in the 6-7 GHz and 10.6 GHz bands This figure is based on the ana
20、lysis of both passive sensor measurements on the horizontal and vertical polarization for which a negative polarization differences (i.e. the difference between H and V polarizations) criteria of 5 K is used. Indeed, it is recognized that negative polarization higher than 5 K can only occur at these
21、 wavelengths through man-made emissions in H-polarization. From: Chris Kidd (Univ. Birmingham, UK) 6 Rep. ITU-R RS.2096 It should be noted that this figure only shows one form of interference (horizontal polarization emissions) and, overall, fails to show how extensive undetectable interference are.
22、 However it is reasonable to assume that in regions of extensive detectable RFI, it is likely to find larger areas of undetectable interference. Such detectable interference at high levels is therefore a symptom of a problem, but absence of detectable RFI does not imply that there is not a problem.
23、With regard to the potential interference level, acknowledging that these figures are presenting negative polarizations higher than 5 K, one can assume that, roughly, interference are, at a minimum, also higher than these 5 K (corresponding to 142 dBW/100 MHz). Considering the current interference t
24、hreshold as given in Recommendation ITU-R RS.1029 (i.e. 166 dBW/100 MHz corresponding to 0.02 K), it shows that these interferences are at least 24 dB above the threshold. In addition, Recommendation ITU-R RS.1029 also provides, for 10.6-10.7 GHz, a 0.1% percentage of area permissible interference l
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