ISA AUTO CNTL SYS ECO-2006 Automation and Control Systems Economics (2nd Edition).pdf
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1、Economics ofAutomation and ControlImprovementsFriedmann05.book Page i Monday, August 1, 2005 4:23 PMFriedmann05.book Page ii Monday, August 1, 2005 4:23 PMEconomics ofAutomation and ControlImprovementsby Paul G. FriedmannFriedmann05.book Page iii Monday, August 1, 2005 4:23 PMNoticeThe information p
2、resented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Because neither the author nor the publisher have any control over the use of the information by the reader, both the author and the publisher disclaim any and all liability of any kind arising out of such use. The reader is ex
3、pected to exercise sound professional judgment in using any of the information presented in a particular application.Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher have investigated or considered the affect of any patents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular
4、 application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect any particular use of the information presented.Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as examples only. Neither the author nor the publisher endorse any referenced commercial product. Any
5、 trademarks or tradenames referenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the publisher make any representation regarding the availability of any referenced commercial product at any time. The manufacturers instructions on use of any commercial product must be f
6、ollowed at all times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication.Copyright 2006 ISAThe Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmi
7、tted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.ISA67 Alexander DriveP.O. Box 12277Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina 27709Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataFriedmann05.book Page
8、iv Monday, August 1, 2005 4:23 PMvTABLE OF CONTENTSPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixUNIT 1 Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-1. Course Coverage. . . . .
9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-2. Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-3. Audience and Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-4. Study Mat
10、erial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-5. Organization and Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-6. Course Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5UNIT
11、 2 Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92-1. Measures of Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92-2. Cash Flows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、. . . . . 112-3. Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-4. Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-5. Project Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132-6. Uncertainty and Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-7. Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15UNIT 3 Benefit Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213-1. Starting a Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213-2. How Will It Make
15、Money? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213-3. Higher Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223-4. Lower Utility Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233-5. Better Yield
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243-6. Fewer Unwanted Byproducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253-7. Less Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263-8.
17、Better Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263-9. Quantifiable Benefits from Reducing Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273-10. Quantifiable Benefits from Improving Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28References . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29UNIT 4 Benefit Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354-1. How Muc
19、h Money? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354-2. Information Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354-3. Estimation of Control Performance Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . 374-4. Translation to Process Improvement.
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384-5. Translation into Dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424-6. Representation as Cash Flow Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Exercises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44UNIT 5 Cost Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495-1. How Much Will It Cost? . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495-2. Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505-3. Control System Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515-4. Application Software . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515-5. Installation and Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-6. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Friedmann05.book Page v Monday, August 1, 2005
24、 4:23 PMvi Table of Contents5-7. Operating Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-8. Representation as a Cash Flow Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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