IESNA LM-49-2012 Approved Method for Life Testing of Incandescent Filament Lamps.pdf

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1、IES LM-49-12Approved Method: Life Testing ofIncandescent Filament LampsIES LM-49-12IES Approved MethodFor Life Testing ofIncandescent Filament LampsPublication of this Committee report has been approved by IES.Suggestions for revision should be directed to IES.Prepared nullnullnullThe Snullnullcommi

2、ttee on Photometrnull of LightSonullrces of the IES Testing Procednullres nullommitteeIES LM-49-nullnullCopyright 2012 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directornullnull nullune 1null null 2012null anull a nullrannullaction of the Illuminating Engi

3、neering Society of North America.All rightnull renullerved. nullo part of this publication may be reproduced in any formnull in any electronic retrieval system or othernullisenull nullithout prior nullritten permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of nullorth nullmeri

4、canull nullnullnull nullall Streetnull nullenull nullornullnull nullenull nullornullnullnullnullnullnull.IES Standards and nulluides are developed through committee consensus and produced by the IES nullffice in nullenull nullornull. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors ar

5、e noted in this documentnull please fornullard them to nullita nullarroldnull nullirector of nullechnologynull at the above address for verification and correction. nullhe IES nullelcomes and urges feedbacnull and comments. ISnullnull null 9nullnull-null-nullnull99null-nullnullnull-9nullrinted in th

6、e nullnited Statenull of America.nullISnullLAIMEnullIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the nullmerican nullational Standards Institute. nullhis process brings together volunteers representing varied vienullpoints and interests to achieve co

7、nsensus on lighting recommendations. nullhile the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensusnull it manulles no guaranty or nullarranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. nullhe IES disc

8、laims liability for any innullury to persons or property or other damages of any nature nullhatsoevernull nullhether specialnull indirectnull consenulluential or compensatorynull directly or indirectly resulting from the publicationnull use ofnull or reliance on this documentIn issuing and manulling

9、 this document availablenull the IES is not undertanulling to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. nullor is the IES undertanulling to perform any duty onulled by any person or entity to someone else. nullnyone using this document should rely on his or her

10、onulln independent nulludgment ornull as appropriatenull seenull the advice of a competent professional in determining the enullercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.nullhe IES has no ponullernull nor does it undertanullenull to police or enforce compliance nullith the contents of thi

11、s document. nullor does the IES listnull certifynull test or inspect productsnull designsnull or installations for compliance nullith this document. nullny certification or statement of compliance nullith the renulluirements of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the res

12、ponsibility of the certifier or manuller of the statement.IES LM-49-nullnullPrepared nullnull the Snullnullcommittee on Photometrnull of Light Sonullrces of the IES Testing Procednullres nullommitteeSnullnullcommittee on Photometrnull of Light Sonullrcesnullreg Mcnulleenull ChairC. nullndersenL. nul

13、lyersnullnull. nullanullernullnull. nullergernull. nullerginnullnull. nullergmanE. nullretschneidernull. nullroonullsnullnull. nullroughtonnullnull. ChannullP-null Chounullnull. Collinsnullnull. Currynullnull. nullahlnullnull. nullaubachnullnull. Ellisnull. nulloynullP. nullrancnullnullnull. nullein

14、ischnullnull. nullemminullnull. nullernandenullnullnull. nullorannull. nullospodarsnullyS. nulluanullP-C. nullungnullnull. nullusbynullnullS. nulluttonnullnull. nullacnullsonnull. nullennullinsnullnull. nulliaonullnullS. nullungM. nullalnullasnull. nullarambelasnull. nullashaninullnull. nullelleynul

15、lM. nullotrebainull. nullruegernull. nullueblernullnull. LanulltonnullL. Leetnullonullnullnull. Lerbsnullnull. LevinnullI. Lenullinnull. Linullnull. Lonullnullnull. MarellaP. McCarthynullnull. McnulleeC. Millernull. Moshernull. nullenulllandnull. nullhnonullnull. PlannullnullE. nulladnullovnull. nul

16、landolphE. nullichmannullM. nullieblingnullM. Sapcoenull. Schutnullnullnull. Smithnullnull. Smithnullnull null. Sonnullnull. SpecnullnullnullL. Staffordnullnull. Steinbergnull. nulluttlenull. nullagnernullnull. nullalnullernullnull. nullaughnullnull. nullelchnullnull. nullilconullnullnull. nullonnul

17、lnull. nullhangnullnulldvisory nullnullnullonoraryL. nullyersnullnull. nullergmanE. nullretschneidernullnull. Channullnull. nullaubachnullnull. nullemirnulliannullS. Ellersicnullnullnull. Ellisnull. nullelderP-C. nullungnullnull. nullacnullsonnull. nullarambelasnull. nullanullabatanullM. nullotrebai

18、null. Lelandnullnull. Linnulluatanullnull. Lonullnullnull. MarellaC. Millernull-null. Morinnullnull. nullhnoM. Piscitellinull. nullaoM. SapcoeTesting Procednullres nullommitteeMichael nullrathernull ChairIES LM-49-nullnullIES LM-49-12ContentsForeward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.0 Scope . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.0 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . .13.0 Nomenclature and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14.0 Amnullient and nullnullnullsical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . .24.1. nulleneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.2. nullinullration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.3. nullemperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.4. Air nullovement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24.null. nullperatinnull nullrientation and nullamp Spacinnull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.0 nulllectrical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.1. Input nulloltanulle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.2. nulline nulloltanulle nullavesnullape

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.3. nulloltanulle Renullulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.4. Instrume

27、ntation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2null.null. nullirinnull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . .3null.null. nullamp Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.0 nullamp nullest nullrocedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.1. nullamp Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.2. nullamp nullandlinnull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.3. nullamp nullarnullinnull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.4. nullperatinnull Cnullcle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.null. Recordinnull Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3null.0 nullest Report . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、4Annenull A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nullAnnenull null . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nullIES LM-49-nullnullnullIES LM-49-nullnullFnullnullEnullnullnullnullnullhis approved method is one of a continuing series of IES nullpproved Methodsnull nullhich are nullritten to further greater uniformity in testing among various laboratori

35、es. It addresses life testing of incandes-cent lamps. nullhis document is an update to IESnullnullLM-49-nullnull.InullTnullnullnullnullnullTInullnullnullhis guide describes the procedures by nullhich incan-descent lamps can be operated under controlled conditions to obtain optimally comparable data

36、on individual lamp lifenull changes in light outputnull and other parameters that vary during the life of the lamp.nullhis document covers general service incandescent lampsnull tungsten halogen and series airport marnullers and street lighting lamps. nullot included are automo-tivenull miniature an

37、d sub-miniaturenull photo-optic lampsnulland other special types. nullhis approved method cov-ers life testing of incandescent lamps at rated volt-age or rated current.Incandescent lamps produce radiant ponuller as a result of electric current passing through a tungsten filamentnull nullhich is surr

38、ounded by an inert atmo-sphere or vacuum nullithin a glass envelope. Some lamps contain halogens that are employed to main-tain a clean bulb nullall. nullhey may also employ bulb coatings that redirect infrared radiation bacnull to the filament to improve efficacy or that filter visible radia-tion f

39、or color control. nulls long as the filament remains intactnull current nullill flonullnull heating the filament to incandescence. Since the desired incandescence occurs at high filament temperaturesnull the surface of the tungsten filament is continually vaporinulled during lamp operation. nulls a

40、result the filament nullire diameter is non-uniformly decreased along its length untilnull at some pointnull the high current density causes enullcessive local heating and vaporinullationnull nullhich causes the filament to fail. nullhe rate of evaporation is dependent on the local filament temperat

41、urenull plus gas density and pressure.It is often important to nullnonull the light outputnull efficacynulland lamp lumen maintenance along nullith the life of these lamps. Annenull A to this document discusses this issue. nullor information on the photometry of incandescent lampsnull see reference

42、null.1nullnull SnullnullPEnullhis approved method describes the procedures to be follonulled and the precautions to be observed in obtaining uniform and reproducible measurements during life testing of incandescent filament lamps under standard conditions. 2nullnull nullnullnullMATInullE nullEFEnull

43、EnullnullESnullo nullormative nulleferencesnullnullnull nullnullMEnullnullLATnullnullE Anullnull EFInullITInullnullSnullefer to nullnullSInullIES nullP nullnull-nullnullnull Nomenclature and Definitionnull for Illuminating Engineeringanull nullhe units of electrical measurement used in this approved

44、 method are the voltnull the amperenull and the nullatt. bnull Life of a test lamp refers to the actual operat-ing time of the lamp until failurenull enullpressed in hoursnull and shall not include any off ull Lamp failure refers to the point nullhere a lamp stops operating. nullther lamp failuresnu

45、ll such as manufacturing defects are reported but not included in the calculation of lamp life.dnull nullegulation refers to the constancy of the volt-age or current applied to the lamp under test.enull Seasoning refers to initial operation of the test lamp. Photometric data obtained immediately aft

46、er seasoning are referred to as initial or rated data. fnull Life test racnull refers to a suitable framenullornullor supporting mediums nullhere a multitude of lamp testing positions or lamp holders are located.gnull nullated lamp life is the life value assigned to a particular type lamp. nullhis i

47、s commonly a statistically determined estimate of the median life. nullor life ratingnull the applicable definition of median is the total operating time at nullhich under normal operating conditionsnull nullnull percent of any large group of initially installed lamps is enullpected to be still oper

48、ating. See reference null.nullIES LM-49-nullnull4nullnull AMnullIEnullT AnullnullPnullSInullAL nullnullnullnullITInullnullS4null1null nulleneralIt is good laboratory practice that the storage and testing of lamps should be undertanullen in a relatively clean environment. nullor lampsnull nullhich op

49、erate at high bulb temperaturenull contaminants can be etched into glass bulb surfaces during operation. nullhereforenulllamps should be cleaned before mounting on the life test racnulls.4null2null nullinullrationLamps shall not be subnullected to enullcessive vibration or shocnull during life testing.4nullnullnull Temperatnullrenullmbient temperature is not a critical consideration for the life testing of incandescent lamps. nullulb nullall temperature and seal temperature for tungsten halo-gen lamps should remain nullithin the specifications of the manufacturer.Care should be tanullen