ICAO 9184 PART 1-1987 Airport Planning Manual Part 1 Master Planning Second Edition《机场规划手册 第1部分 总体规划 第二版》.pdf

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1、 ICAO 9384 PART*L * 4841426 0058509 05L Doc 9184-AN/902 Part 1 AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL PART 1 MASTER PLANNING SECOND EDITION - 1987 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provid

2、ed by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be add

3、ressed to the Secretary General. Orders for this publication should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance (by bank draft or post office money order) in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Document Sales Unit Internat

4、ional Civil Aviation Organization lo00 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400 Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 2R2 Egypt. ICAO Representative, Middle East Office, 9 Shagaret El Dorr Street, France. Representant de IOACI, Bureau Europe, 3 bis, villa Emile-Bergerat, India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindi

5、a House, New Delhi Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Kenya. ICAO Representative, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Mexico. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Norteamerica, Centroamkrica y Caribe, Peru. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Suda

6、merica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100. Senegal. Representant de IOACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Spain. Pilots, Suministros Aeronauticos, S.A., C/Ulises, 5-Oficina Num. 2, 28043 Madrid. Thailand. ICAO Representative, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11, Samyaek Ladprao, United Kingdom. Civi

7、l Aviation Authority, Printing and Publications Services, Zamalek 1121 1, Cairo. 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine (Cedex). or 17 Park Street, Calcutta. Minato-Ku, Tokyo. Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi. Apartado Postal 5-377, C.P. 06500, Mexico, D.F. Boite postale 2356, Dakar. Bangkok 10901. Greville

8、House, 37 Gratton Road, Cheltenham, Glos., GL50 2BN. 10191 The Catalogue of ICAO Publications Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit,

9、 ICAO Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9384 PART*L * m 484141b 0058533 70T m Airport Planning Manual (Doc 9184AN/902) Part 1 Master Planning Second Editio

10、n - 19437 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9184 PART*L * 48414Lb 0058532 646 AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced in the EA0 Journal and in the

11、 monthIy supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications, which holders of this publication should consult. These amendments are available free upon request. Els=l Entered by No. Date Entered by Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for Resa

12、leNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD The Council af ICAO on 10 March 1967 (EX-8) approved a proposal of the Secretary General that guidance material be prepared to assist States in planning the expansion of existing international airports and the constructi

13、on of new ones. This project was conceived in the realization of the major impact that expansion of air transport was having and would continue to have on facilities throughout the world, it being recognized that, in addition to the major problems of great expansion in absolute volume of passengers,

14、 cargo and air traffic, the introduction of very large-capacity aircraft was likely to cause special problems at an increasing number of airports. Existing programmes of ICAO did not provide airport authorities with guidance for the development of airport master plans in all their aspects, nor had i

15、t been intended that they should. The first manual entitled Manual on Airport Master Planning was written by three professional airport planners recruited exclusively for this purpose. An advisory group composed of representatives of the following organizations provided invaluable assistance in defi

16、ning the structure of the manual and reviewing material: ACroport de Paris; Aerospace Industries Associ- ation of America, Inc.; Airport Operators Council International, Inc.; British Airports Authority; Dallas- Fort Worth Regional Airport Board; Department of Transport, Canada; International Air Tr

17、ansport Associ- ation; University of California. Additionally, a substantial amount of work was done on it by the regular Secretariat. In 1976 a general revision of the manual was prepared by the Air Navigation Bureau, assisted under contract by the firm TCB/Morris International, and by the Air Tran

18、sport Bureau which revised Chapters 3 and 4. The intent of this revision was to incorporate experience gained from use of the original Manual, experience from the introduction into service of large-capacity aircraft and new planning technology. This second edition incorporates changes and additions

19、resulting from an over-all review made by the Secretariat. It is important to note that the material contained in this manual does not necessarily reflect the views of ICAO nor those who have assisted in its development. It deals in many areas in which there is as yet no certainty or precision and i

20、t is planned to update the material in the future. Any suggestions which may assist in improving and updating this material would, therefore, be greatly appreciated. These should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under l

21、icense with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SECTION ONE . AIRPORT PLANNING PROCESS . 1-1 Chapter 1 . Introduction 14 1.1 Airport Master Planning Objectives . 1-4 1.2 Use of this Manual 1-4 1.3 Organization of this Manual 1

22、-4 Chapter 2 . Preplanning Considerations . 1-7 2.1 About this Chapter 1-7 2.2 Preplanning Co-ordination . 1-7 2.3 Information Requirements . 1-7 2.4 Preliminary Economic Feasibility . 1 -7 2.5 The Role of Financing in Airport Planning . 1-8 2.6 The Planning Team . 1-8 2.7 The Planning Organization

23、. 1-9 2.8 Planning Procedure . 1-9 2.9 Goals and Policy Objectives 1-1 1 2.10 Use of Consultants 1-12 References . 1-1 2 Chapter 3 . Forecasting for Planning Purposes 1-13 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3;5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 About this Chapter 1-1 3 The Requirements . 1 . 13 Forecasts Required 1-1 3 Accuracy and Lim

24、itations of Forecasts . 1-16 Converting Annual Traffic Forecasts Factors Affecting Traffic Growth . 1-18 into Planning Criteria . 1-17 Principles of Forecasting . 1 . 19 Forecasting Methods 1-20 Presentation of Forecasts 1-22 pas Chapter 4 . Financirrl Arrangements and Controls . 1-23 4.1 About this

25、 Chapter 1-23 4.2 Financing Arrangements . 1-23 4.3 Financial Control and Accounting . 1-28 References . 1-33 Chapter 5 . Airport ate Evaluation and selection 1-34 5.1 About this Chapter 1-34 5.2 Broad Determination of the Land 5.3 Evaluation of Factors Affecting 5.4 Preliminary Study of Possible Ar

26、ea Required 1-34 Airport Location 1-39 Airport Sites . 1-39 5.6 Environmental Study 1-43 5.7 Review of Potential Sites . 1-43 5.8 Preparation of Outline Plans and Estimates of Costs and Revenue 1-43 5.9 Final Evaluation 1-44 5.10 Report and Recommendatious 1-44 References . 1-44 5.5 Site Inspection

27、1-39 SECTION TWO . AIR SIDE DEVELOPMENT 1-46 Chapter 6 . Runways and Taxiways 1-47 6.1 About this Chapter . 1-47 . Characteristics 1-47 6.3 Airport Capacity 1-54 6.2 Runway and Taxiway Physical 6.4 Typical Phased Development Plan 1-58 References . 1-22 References . 1-58 Copyright International Civil

28、 Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- ICAO 9384 PARTt3 tf 484L43b 0058535 355 1-(vi) Page Chapter 7 . Aprons 1-59 7.1 About this Chapter 1-59 7.2 Planning Parameters 1-59 7.3 Passenger Termina

29、l Apron . 1-62 7.4 Cargo Terminal Apron 1-66 7.5 Maintenance Terminal Apron . 1-66 7.6 Parking Apron . 1-66 7.7 Holding Bays . 1-66 7.8 General Aviation Apron . 1-67 7.9 Helicopter Apron . 1-67 7.10 Apron Security . 1-67 7.1 1 Fixed Facilities 1-67 7.12 Apron Taxiways and Aircraft Stand Taxi Lanes .

30、 1-67 7.13 Apron Service Roads and Ground Equipment Parking Areas 1-68 References . 1-68 Chapter 8 . Air and Ground Navigation and Traffic Control Aids at Airports . 1-69 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 About this Chapter 1-69 Visual Aids . 1-69 Radio Navigation Aids 1-69 Buildings for Radio Nav

31、igation Aids . . 1-70 Demarcation of Critical Areas 1-71 Air Traffic Services . 1-71 Search and Rescue Services . 1-72 Apron Management Service 1-72 Communications 1-72 References . 1-72 SECTION THREE . LAND SIDE DEVELOPMENT 1-73 Chapter 9 . Passenger Building 1-74 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.

32、9 About this Chapter 1-74 General Considerations 1-74 Passenger Building Connexion with Access System 1-86 Passenger Processing 1-88 Baggage Processing 1-94 Passenger Waiting . 1-99 Government Frontier Controls 1-100 Passenger Connexion with Aircraft 1-103 Transit and Transfer Passengers 1-107 Airpo

33、rt Planning Manual Page 9.10 Passenger Amenities and Other 9.11 Consideration of Disabled and Elderly Passenger Building Services 1 . 108 People in Passenger Building Planning . 1-1 11 References . 1 . 113 Chapter 10 . Cargo Facilities 1-115 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 About t

34、his Chapter 1-1 15 Siting 1-1 16 Systems Planning 1-1 17 The Cargo Building 1-1 19 Cargo Apron 1-120 Cargo Facility Requirements 1- 120 Cargo Terminal Parking 1-122 Sound Cargo Facilities Planning . . . . 1-1 15 Cargo Terminal Area Access 1- 121 Control Authorities Inspection 1-122 References . 1 .

35、122 Chapter 11 . Ground Transport and Internal Airport Circulation and Parking 1-123 11.1 About this Chapter 1-123 Public Transport 1-123 11.3 Airport Traffic Data 1-123 11.5 Passenger Building Curb . 1- 124 11.6 Vehicle Parking . 1-124 11.2 Airport Access - Automobile and 11.4 Internal Airport Road

36、way Circulation . 1-124 References . 1 . 125 SECTION FOUR . AIRPORT SUPPORT ELEMENTS . 1-126 Chapter 12 . Airport Operations and Support . Facilities . 1-127 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 About :his Chapter Administration and Maintenance Buildings . Medical Centre Ground Vehicle

37、 Fuel Stations . Generating Stations Water Supply and Sanitation Flight Catering Kitchens Meteorological Services . Aircrew Briefing and Reporting Aircraft Maintenance Area 1-127 1-127 1-127 1-127 1-127 1-128 1-128 1-128 1-128 1-129 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS

38、 under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9184 PART*L *X = 484141b OD585hb 291 Part 1 . Master Planning I-(vii) 12.11 Rescue and Fire Fighting Services 12.12 General Aviation Facilities References . Chapter 13 . Aircraft Fuel Faci

39、lities 13.1 About this Chapter 13.2 Storage Capacity 13.3 Location of Storage . 13.4 Fuelling of Aircraft . 13.5 Safety and Special Design Require- ments Related to Fuelling Systems References . Page 1-129 1-129 1-130 1-131 1-131 1-131 1-131 1-131 1-132 1-133 Chapter 14 . Security Considerations . 1

40、4.1 About this Chapter 14.2 Land Side Security 14.3 Air Side Security References . APPENDICES Appendix A . Appendix B . Glossary of Terms . Other ICAO Publications Related to Aerodrome Master Planning . Page 1-134 1-134 1-134 1-136 1-137 1-139 1-142 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organizatio

41、n Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SECTION ONE - AIRPORT PLANNING PROCESS INTRODUCTORY NOTES The rapid growth of air transport is overtaxing the capacity of many airports and giving cause for reconsider- ation o

42、f concepts, processing methods and facilities. Increasing passenger and cargo traffic will make further demands on airports, although aircraft movements may increase more slowly owing to the introduction of larger aircraft. The result is that the administrations responsible for the worlds airports a

43、re faced with a heavy programme of improvement and construction to meet these needs in the most efficient manner possible. This manual is intended to assist airport authorities in the complex task of preparing master plans for the expansion of existing airports and construction of new ones. The manu

44、al outlines the planning system and the development of long-term forecasts covering aviation operations, economic factors and other considerations involved in master planning. It explains the need for consultation and co-operative planning by all the agencies concerned, including aircraft operators,

45、 national and local government planners, government control authorities (customs, immigration, health, etc.), national and local transport authorities, aircraft and equipment manufac- turers and international aviation agencies. Guidance is given on deciding the type of airport which may be required

46、to meet the needs of a community or region and on the selection and evaluation of airport sites. Stress is laid on the importance of making an economic appraisal when deciding on the provision of an airport and assessing its worth to the community in comparison with other projects. The need for a sy

47、stems approach to preparation of the master plan is demonstrated together with the method of preparing the plan, the disciplines needed and the elements to be taken into account. The importance of balancing the respective capacities of the many elements and of ensuring flexibility and expansibility

48、to meet changing needs is shown, together with methods of achieving these objec- tives. Guidance is provided on assessing the capacity of individual facilities and on planning runway, taxiway and I-! apron configurations, passenger buildings, ground transport links and internal roads, car parks and

49、cargo areas, to permit phased development of the master plan. An airport master plan should be the most effective framework within which the individual facilities can operate their separate funct.ions at the highest possible levels of efficiency. As explained above, it is not always possible for the best plans for individual facilities to be fitted together in a total plan for the airports without