ICAO 9157 PART 5-1983 Aerodrome Design Manual Part 5 Electrical Systems First Edition《机场设计手册 第5部分 电气系统第1版》.pdf

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1、DOC 9157-AN/901 Part 5 AERODROME DESIGN MANUAL PART 5 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FIRST EDITION - 1983 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot f

2、or ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9357 PART85 * = 484343b 0039920 630 W Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the hernational Civil Aviation Organization. AI1 correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be

3、addressed to the Secretary General. Orders for this publication should be sent to one of the following addresses, together.with the appropriate remittance (by bank draft or post office money order) in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Document Sales Unit Inter

4、national Civil Aviation Organization 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400 Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 2R2 Argentina. El Ateneo, Pedro Garcia S.A.L.E. e I., Dpto. Compras - Importacibn, Egypt. ICAO Representative, Middle East and Eastern African Office, France. Representant de IOACI, Bureau Europe,

5、 3bis, villa Emile-Bergerat, ZndiaOxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Kenya. ICAO Representative, Eastern African Office, United Nations Mexico. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Norteamerica y Caribe,

6、Peru. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Sudamerica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100. Senegal. Representant de IOACI, Bureau Afrique, Boite postale 2356, Dakar. Spain. Libreria de Aeroniutica y Astroniutica Sumaas, Desengaiio, 12-3“-3, Madrid 13. Thailand. ICAO Representative, Asia and Pacific Office, P-0. B

7、ox 614, Bangkok. United Kingdom. Civil Aviation Authority, Printing and Publications Services, Patagones 2463, 1282 Buenos Aires. 16 Hassan Sabri, Zamalek, Cairo. 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Cedex. or 17 Park Street, Calcutta. Minato-Ku, Tokyo. Accommodation, P.O. Box 46 294 Nairobi. Apartado postal 5-

8、377, Mexico 5, D.F. Greville House, 37 Gratton Road, Cheltenham, Glos., GL50 2BN. Do you receive the ICAO BULLETIN? The ICAO- Bulletin contains a concise account of the activities of the Organization as well as articles of interest to the aeronautical world. The Bulletin will also keep you up to dat

9、e on the latest ICAO publica- tions, their contents, amendments, supplements, corrigenda, and prices. Available in three separate editions: English, French and Spanish. Annual subscription: US. 1j5.00 (surface mail); US. $20.00 (air mail). Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided

10、 by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Aerodrome Design Manual (DOC 9157-AN/901) Part 5 Electrical Systems First Edition - 1983 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot fo

11、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9357 PART*5 * W 4B4L4Lh 0019922 403 W AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced in the ICAO Bulletin and in the monthly supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications, which holders of this publication should

12、consult. These amendments are available free upon request. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9157 PART*5 * m 4B4L4Lb 0019923 34T m FOREWORD Proper design,

13、installation and maintenance of electrical systems for navi- gation aids, both visual and non-visual, are prerequisites for the safety, regularity, and efficiency of civil aviation. To this end, this manual provides guidance on the design and installation of electrical systems for aerodrome lighting

14、 and radio naviga- tion aids. The electrical systems for aerodrome lighting and radio navigation aids include features which are not usually involved in other electrical installations. This manual therefore discusses not only the general features of electrical practices and installations but also th

15、ose features which are of special significance for aerodrome installations . It is assumed that readers of the manual will be familiar with elec- trical circuits and general design concepts, but may not be knowledgeable of certain features of aerodrome installations which are less frequently encount

16、ered in other installations. It is important to note that the material presented in this manual is intended to complement national safety codes related to electrical installations. The nranual does not discuss electrical systems for buildings located on an airport other than the effect of such build

17、ings on total power requirements for primary and secondary power supplies. Similarly, the manual does not deal with the maintenance of electrical systems. For guidance on this latter issue the reader is-advised to refer to the Airport Servgces Manual, (Doc 9137), Part 9, Airport Maintenance Practice

18、s. Future editions of this manual will be improved on the basis of experience gained and of comments and suggestions received from users of this manual. Readers of this manual are invited to give their views, comments and suggestions to the Secretary General of ICAO. Copyright International Civil Av

19、iation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iCA0 9357 PART*5 * - 4B4L4Lb 0039924 286 m TABLEOFCONTENTS Paee Chapter 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-l 1.1 Purpose 5-l 1.2 Organization of the manual . 5-l Chapter 2. Electricity Supplies a* 5-2 2.1 Sources of power . 5-2 2.1.1 General .*.o*- . 2.1.2 Primary power sources . 25; 2.1.3 Secondary power sources . 5-2 2.1.4 Distribution of intermediate power 5-3 2.2 P

21、ower transfer characteristics . 5-3 2.2.1 Transfer (switch-over) time requirements . .5-3 2.2.2 Continuous power sources 5-3 2.2.3 Methods of transfer . 5-5 2.3 Secondary power equipment 5-7 2.3.1 Components 5-7 2.3.2 Engine-generator sets . 5-9 2.3.3 Power transfer switching 5-10 2.3.4 Uninterrupti

22、ble power supplies 5-10 2,3.5 Special secondary power devices . 5-11 2.4 Vaults and shelters for electrical equipment . 5-11 2.4.1 Shelters 5-11 2.4.2 Iocation 5-13 2.4.3 Special provisions 5-13 2.5 Distribution of power 5-14 2.5,1 General . 5-14 2.5.2 Primary power feeder circuits . 5-15 2.5.3 Abov

23、e-ground (overhead) primary distribution systems . ,.*5-l 5 205.4 Line-voltage regulators . 5-15 2.5.5 Power lines . 5-16 2.5.6 Conductors . 5-16 2.5.7 Insulators 5-17 2.5.8 Iocknuts 5-18 2.5.9 Transformers 5-18 2.5.10 Capacitors 5-19 2.5.11 Circuit interruption devices 5-19 2.5.12 Lightning protect

24、ion 5-20 2.5.13 Clearances 5-20 2.5.14 Grounding . 5-20 2.5.15 Underground distribution systems 5-21 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9157 PART*5 * 484141

25、b 0039925 112 (vi ) Aerodrome Design Manual Page Chapter 3 . Electrical Circuits for Aerodrome Lighting and Radio Navigation Aids . 5-23 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Types of electrical circuits . 5-23 3.1.1 Electrical characteristics 5-23 3.1.2 Series circuits . .- 23 3.1.3 Parallel circuits

26、 . 5-24 3.1.4 Comparison of series and parallel lighting circuits . 5-25 Series circuitry for aerodrome lighting 5-25 3.2.1 Factors to be considered 5-25 Parallel (multiple) circuitry 5-41 3.3.1 Use of parallel (multiple) circuitry in aerodrome lighting 5-41 Control of aerodrome lighting systems 5-4

27、2 3.4.2 Control panels 5-43 3.4.3 however, the power failure sensor must respond within a few cycles. 2.3.4 Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) systems 2.3.4.1 An uninterruptible electric power supply is necessary for electronic or other equipment that performs a critical function and requires cont

28、inuous, disturbance- free electric power to operate properly. 2.3.4.2 UPS equipment. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system consists of one or more UPS modules, an energy-storage battery, and accessories as required to provide a reliable and high quality power supply. The UPS system isolates

29、the load from the primary and secondary sources and in the event of a power interruption provides regulated power to the critical load for a specified period. (The battery typically has a 151ninute capacity when operating at full load.) (See Figure 2-2.) a) UPS module. A UPS module is the static pow

30、er conversion portion of the UPS system and consists of a rectifier, an inverter, and associated controls along with synchronizing, protective, and auxiliary devices. UPS modules may be designed to operate either individually or in parallel. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provid

31、ed by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9357 PARTf5 ft 484343b 0039937 934 Part 5.- Electrical Systems 5-1 1 - b) Redundancy. A nonredundant UPS system is suitable for most operations. However, if the expense is justifi

32、ed, a redundant UPS configuration (see Figure 2-3) may be used to protect against module failure or very frequent primary power failures . c) UPS battery. The battery should be a heavy-duty industrial unit of the lead-cadmium type having an ampere-hour rating sufficient to supply direct current to t

33、he inverter as required by the UPS system manufacturers installation instructi0ns.r The battery is usually furnished with two-tier racks; however, where space is limited three- tier racks may be necessary. d) Remote alarms. The UPS equipment should be supplied with a remote-alarm panel to be install

34、ed in the operating space served by the UPS unit or in another continuously occupied room, such as a guard office. Since UPS equipment rooms are usually unattended; additional remote indicating devices should be provided to monitor the environmental control and fire alarm system of UPS module and ba

35、ttery rooms. e) UPS and battery room requirements. The UPS modules and their associated battery set should be installed in separate rooms. Construction should be of a permanent type. The wall separating the UPS module room from the battery room should be fireproof (1-hour rating). When feasible, spa

36、ce should be provided in the UPS module and battery rooms for the addition of future UPS equipment. f) Environmental control. Both the UPS module and battery rooms should be provided with an environmental control system to maintain the prescribed room conditions. Each environmental control system sh

37、ouldconsist of a primary system with a secondary system capability. Upon failure of the primary environmental control system, automatic transfer to the second- ary system should occur and should sound an alarm indicating the need for maintenance. 2.3.5 Special secondary power devices 203.5.1 Other s

38、econdary power devices which may be used for special facilities are standby battery power systems, with or without dc to ac inverters; photovoltaic or wind generators with battery systems and with or without dc to ac inverters; independent generating devices, such as thermoelectric, nuclear, or chem

39、ical fuel cells; and inertia-flywheel generators. The manufacturers information should explain the functioning and installations for using these devices. 2.4 VAULTS AND SHELTERS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 2.4.1 Shelters 2.4.1.1 Most electrical equipment or airport lighting and other facilities is loca

40、ted in vaults or special shelters for protection from the weather and for better security. Substations for high voltage are usually outdoors, and medium voltage distribution transformers are often pole mounted or placed on fenced transformer pads. Most electrical vaults are above ground and made of

41、fireproof materials. Reinforced Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9157 PARTt5 tt W 4BLt14Lb 0019938 870 m 5-1 2 - Aerodrome Design Manual UPS UNIT r-L- REc

42、TLFxEFt- I I I I I I I mm- STATIC SUlTCEA I I UsTnUumTER- I STATIC (IF REQUIRED) I I I I 1 I I L I- UPS MODULE NO. 2 -BYPASS - 1 i ; I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Figure 2-3. Typical UPS stand-by redundant configuration Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided

43、 by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ICAO 9357 PART85 * YBYLYLb 0019939 707 Part 5.- Electrical Systems 5-1 3 concrete for the floors and concrete, concrete or cinder block, and/or brick for the walls are materials commonly

44、 used in these vaults. The use of such materials reduce the hazard of electric shock, shorting of electrical circuits, and fire hazards Prefabri- cated metal structures are occasionally used as shelters for transformers and engine- generator sets. These vaults are used to house the power distributio

45、n and control equipment, secondary power equipment, and the various devices used to provide power and control for the airport lighting systems. These vaults should be of adequate size to contain the necessary equipment without crowding. These vaults may be divided into moms for better segregation of

46、 equipment and activities. 2.4.2 Loestion 2.4.2.1 Electrical vaults should not be located where they would infringe on obsta- cle limitation surfaces. The distances from the control tower to the vaults should be short enough to avoid excessive voltage drop in the control cables. The permissible leng

47、th of these cables varies with the size of the cable, the control voltage, and the types of control relays used, but some of the longer control systems limit the length of control cables to about 2 250 metres. Vehicular access to the vaults in all types of weather conditions is necessary and minimum

48、 conflict with aircraft traffic is desirable. The location should be convenient for connecting to the appropriate lighting circuits and facilities to keep feeder cable lengths as short as is practical. The vaults should be isolated from other buildings and facilities to prevent the spread of fires o

49、r explosions, except the shelters for secondary engine-generator sets may be near the electrical vault to reduce cable length and size and to simplify the power transfer system. Aerodsoaes with approach lighting systems may need separate approach lighting vaults for each approach lighting system. For major aerodromes, some authorities use a vault near each end of the runway or approa