EN ISO 13849-2-2012 en Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2 Validation《机械安全-安全相关控制系统的部分 第2部分 验证》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 13849-2:2012Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systemsPart 2: ValidationBS EN ISO 13849-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard i

2、s the UK implementation of EN ISO13849-2:2012. It supersedes BS EN ISO 13849-2:2008 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its se

3、cretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 66820 3ICS 13.110; 29.020Compliance with a British Standard c

4、annot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 13849-2 October 2012 ICS

5、13.110 Supersedes EN ISO 13849-2:2008English Version Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation (ISO 13849-2:2012) Scurit des machines - Parties des systmes de commande relatives la scurit - Partie 2: Validation (ISO 13849-2:2012) Sicherheit von Maschinen - Si

6、cherheitsbezogene Teile von Steuerungen - Teil 2: Validierung (ISO 13849-2:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 October 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a n

7、ational standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A

8、version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypru

9、s, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United King

10、dom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13849-2:2012: E

11、BS EN ISO 13849-2:2012EN ISO 13849-2:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 13849-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 “Safety of machinery” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Sta

12、ndard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi

13、s document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 13849-2:2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free

14、Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive. For relationship with EU Directive, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bou

15、nd to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portuga

16、l, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 13849-2:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13849-2:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 13849-2:2012EN ISO 13849-2:2012 (E) 4 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship b

17、etween this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the New Appro

18、ach Directive Machinery, 2006/42/EC. Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the s

19、cope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the relevant Essential Requirements 1.2.1 of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. WARNING Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this standard. BS EN ISO 13849-2:201

20、2ISO 13849-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Validation process . 14.1 Validation principles 14.2 Validation plan 34.3 Generic fault lists . 44.4 Specific fault lists. 44.5 Information for v

21、alidation . 44.6 Validation record . 65 Validation by analysis 65.1 General . 65.2 Analysis techniques 76 Validation by testing . 76.1 General . 76.2 Measurement accuracy 86.3 More stringent requirements . 86.4 Number of test samples . 87 Validation of safety requirements specification for safety fu

22、nctions . 98 Validation of safety functions 99 Validation of performance levels and categories 109.1 Analysis and testing 109.2 Validation of category specifications 109.3 Validation of MTTFd, DCavgand CCF 129.4 Validation of measures against systematic failures related to performance level and cate

23、gory of SRP/CS . 139.5 Validation of safety-related software 139.6 Validation and verification of performance level .149.7 Validation of combination of safety-related parts .1410 Validation of environmental requirements .1511 Validation of maintenance requirements 1512 Validation of technical docume

24、ntation and information for use 16Annex A (informative) Validation tools for mechanical systems .17Annex B (informative) Validation tools for pneumatic systems .21Annex C (informative) Validation tools for hydraulic systems .31Annex D (informative) Validation tools for electrical systems .40Annex E

25、(informative) Example of validation of fault behaviour and diagnostic means 53Bibliography .78BS EN ISO 13849-2:2012ISO 13849-2:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing In

26、ternational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison

27、with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technic

28、al committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to

29、 the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13849-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.This second edition cancels and replaces th

30、e first edition (ISO 13849-2:2003), which has been technically revised in order to adapt to ISO 13849-1:2006. In addition, the new Annex E provides an example for the validation of fault behaviour and diagnostic means.ISO 13849 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of machi

31、nery Safety-related parts of control systems: Part 1: General principles for design Part 2: ValidationAnnexes A to D, which are informative, are structured according to Table 1.Table 1 Structure of Annexes A to D of this part of ISO 13849Annex TechnologyList of basic safety principlesList of well-tr

32、ied safety principlesList of well-tried componentsFault lists and fault exclusionsTable(s)A Mechanical A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4, A.5B Pneumatic B.1 B.2 B.3 to B.18C Hydraulic C.1 C.2 C.3 to C.12DElectrical (includes electronics)D.1 D.2 D.3 D.4 to D.21iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 13849-2:2012ISO 1

33、3849-2:2012(E)IntroductionThe structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:a) type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design and general aspects that can be applied to machinery;b) type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing wi

34、th one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery: type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (for example safety distances, surface temperature, noise); type-B2 standards on safeguards (for example two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure-s

35、ensitive devices, guards);c) type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines.This document is a type-B standard as stated in ISO 12100.The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C sta

36、ndard.For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.This part of ISO 13849 specifies the validation process for the safety functions, cat

37、egories and performance levels for the safety-related parts of control systems. It recognizes that the validation of safety-related parts of control systems can be achieved by a combination of analysis (see Clause 5) and testing (see Clause 6), and specifies the particular circumstances in which tes

38、ting ought to be carried out.Most of the procedures and conditions in this part of ISO 13849 are based on the assumption that the simplified procedure for estimating the performance level (PL) described in ISO 13849-1:2006, 4.5.4, is used. This part of ISO 13849 does not provide guidance for situati

39、ons when other procedures are used to estimate PL (e.g. Markov modelling), in which case some of its provisions will not apply and additional requirements can be necessary. Guidance on the general principles for the design (see ISO 12100) of safety-related parts of control systems, regardless of the

40、 type of technology used (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, etc.), is provided in ISO 13849-1. This includes descriptions of some typical safety functions, determination of their required performance levels, and general requirements of categories and performance levels.Within this part o

41、f ISO 13849, some of the validation requirements are general, whereas others are specific to the type of technology used. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 13849-2:2012BS EN ISO 13849-2:2012Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 2: Validation1 ScopeThis part of ISO 13

42、849 specifies the procedures and conditions to be followed for the validation by analysis and testing of the specified safety functions, the category achieved, and the performance level achievedby the safety-related parts of a control system (SRP/CS) designed in accordance with ISO 13849-1.NOTE Addi

43、tional requirements for programmable electronic systems, including embedded software, are given in ISO 13849-1:2006, 4.6, and IEC 61508 .2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited appli

44、es. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reductionISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: Gener

45、al principles for design3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 13849-1 apply.4 Validation process4.1 Validation principlesThe purpose of the validation process is to confirm that the design of the SRP/CS supports the overall saf

46、ety requirements specification for the machinery.The validation shall demonstrate that each SRP/CS meets the requirements of ISO 13849-1 and, in particular, the following:a) the specified safety characteristics of the safety functions provided by that part, as set out in the design rationale;b) the

47、requirements of the specified performance level (see ISO 13849-1:2006, 4.5):1) the requirements of the specified category (see ISO 13849-1:2006, 6.2),INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13849-2:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 13849-2:2012ISO 13849-2:2012(E)2) the measures for control and avoi

48、dance of systematic failures (see ISO 13849-1:2006, Annex G),3) if applicable, the requirements of the software (see ISO 13849-1:2006, 4.6), and4) the ability to perform a safety function under expected environmental conditions;c) the ergonomic design of the operator interface, e.g. so that the oper

49、ator is not tempted to act in a hazardous manner, such as defeating the SRP/CS (see ISO 13849-1:2006, 4.8).Validation should be carried out by persons who are independent of the design of the SRP/CS.NOTE “Independent person” does not necessarily mean that a third-party test is required.Validation consists of applying analysis (see Clause 5) and executing functional tests (see Clause 6) under foreseeable conditions in accordance with the validation plan. Figure 1 gives an overview of the validation process. The balance between the