EN ISO 11665-1-2015 en Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air radon-222 Part 1 Origins of radon and its shortlived decay products and associated measurement methods《.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 11665-1:2012Measurement of radioactivityin the environment Air:radon-222Part 1: Origins of radon and its short-lived decay products and associatedmeasurement methodsBS EN ISO 11665-1:2015BS EN ISO 11665-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is

2、the UK implementation of EN ISO 11665-1:2015. It is identical to ISO 11665-1:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary

3、.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 88248 7ICS 13.040.01; 17.240Compliance with a British Standard ca

4、nnot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 September 2015 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 11665-1:2012 as BS EN

5、 ISO 11665-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11665-1 September 2015 ICS 17.240 English Version Measurement of radioactivity in the environment - Air: radon-222 - Part 1: Origins of radon and its short-lived decay products and associated measurement methods (ISO 11665-1:2

6、012) Mesurage de la radioactivit dans lenvironnement - Air: radon 222 - Partie 1: Origine du radon et de ses descendants vie courte, et mthodes de mesure associes (ISO 11665-1:2012) Ermittlung der Radioaktivitt in der Umwelt - Luft: Radon-222 - Teil 1: Radon und seine kurzlebigen Folgeprodukte: Quel

7、len und Messverfahren (ISO 11665-1:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up

8、-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by trans

9、lation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan

10、d, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

11、COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11665-1:2015 EBS EN ISO 11665-1:2015BS ISO 1166

12、5-1:2012ISO 11665-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Symbols . 84 Principle . 95 Equipment . 96 Sampling 106.1 General .106.2 Sampling objective .106.3 S

13、ampling characteristics .106.4 Sampling conditions . 117 Detection 127.1 Silver-activated zinc sulphide ZnS(Ag) scintillation 127.2 Gamma-ray spectrometry .137.3 Liquid scintillation .137.4 Air ionization .137.5 Semi-conductor (alpha detection) 137.6 Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) .137.

14、7 Discharge of polarised surface inside an ionization chamber .138 Measurement 138.1 Methods .138.2 Influence quantities 148.3 Calibration .158.4 Quality control 159 Expression of results .1510 Test report .15Annex A (informative) Radon and its decay products General information 17Annex B (informati

15、ve) Example of results of spot, integrated and continuous measurements of radon-222 activity concentration 25Annex C (informative) Example of a test report .27Bibliography .28EN ISO 11665-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO 11665-1:2012 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 “

16、Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 11665-1:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which

17、 is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibil

18、ity that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are b

19、ound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu

20、gal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11665-1:2012 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11665-1:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11665-1:2015EN ISO 11665-1:2015(E)BS ISO 11665-1:2012ISO 11665-1:2012(E) IS

21、O 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope 12 Normative references . 13 Terms, definitions and symbols 13.1 Terms and definitions . 13.2 Symbols . 84 Principle . 95 Equipment . 96 Sampling 106.1 General .106.2 Sampling objective .106.3 Sampling characteristics .106.4

22、 Sampling conditions . 117 Detection 127.1 Silver-activated zinc sulphide ZnS(Ag) scintillation 127.2 Gamma-ray spectrometry .137.3 Liquid scintillation .137.4 Air ionization .137.5 Semi-conductor (alpha detection) 137.6 Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) .137.7 Discharge of polarised surfa

23、ce inside an ionization chamber .138 Measurement 138.1 Methods .138.2 Influence quantities 148.3 Calibration .158.4 Quality control 159 Expression of results .1510 Test report .15Annex A (informative) Radon and its decay products General information 17Annex B (informative) Example of results of spot

24、, integrated and continuous measurements of radon-222 activity concentration 25Annex C (informative) Example of a test report .27Bibliography .28BS EN ISO 11665-1:2015EN ISO 11665-1:2015(E)BS ISO 11665-1:2012ISO 11665-1:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wor

25、ldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on

26、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted i

27、n accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard

28、requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11665-1 was prepared by Tec

29、hnical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.ISO 11665 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Air: radon-222: Part 1: Origins of radon and it

30、s short-lived decay products and associated measurement methods Part 2: Integrated measurement method for determining average potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products Part 3: Spot measurement method of the potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay pr

31、oducts Part 4: Integrated measurement method for determining average activity concentration using passive sampling and delayed analysis Part 5: Continuous measurement method of the activity concentration Part 6: Spot measurement method of the activity concentration Part 7: Accumulation method for es

32、timating surface exhalation rate Part 8: Methodologies for initial and additional investigations in buildingsThe following parts are under preparation: Part 9: Method for determining exhalation rate of dense building materials Part 10: Determination of diffusion coefficient in waterproof materials u

33、sing activity concentration measurementiv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 11665-1:2012ISO 11665-1:2012(E)IntroductionRadon isotopes 222, 220 and 219 are radioactive gases produced by the disintegration of radium isotopes 226, 224 and 223, which are decay products of uranium-238, thorium-232 and u

34、ranium-235 respectively, and are all found in the earths crust (see Annex A for further information). Solid elements, also radioactive, followed by stable lead are produced by radon disintegration1.Radon is considered a noble gas in the periodic table of elements, along with helium, argon, neon, kry

35、pton and xenon.When disintegrating, radon emits alpha particles and generates solid decay products, which are also radioactive (polonium, bismuth, lead, etc.). The potential effects on human health of radon lie in its decay products rather than the gas itself. Whether or not they are attached to atm

36、ospheric aerosols, radon decay products can be inhaled and deposited in the bronchopulmonary tree to varying depths according to their size2345.Radon is today considered to be the main source of human exposure to natural radiation. The UNSCEAR (2006) report6suggests that, at the worldwide level, rad

37、on accounts for around 52 % of global average exposure to natural radiation. The radiological impact of isotope 222 (48 %) is far more significant than isotope 220 (4 %), while isotope 219 is considered negligible (see Annex A). For this reason, references to radon in this part of ISO 11665 refer on

38、ly to radon-222.Radon activity concentration can vary by one to multiple orders of magnitude over time and space. Exposure to radon and its decay products varies tremendously from one area to another, as it depends firstly on the amount of radon emitted by the soil and the building materials in each

39、 area and, secondly, on the degree of containment and weather conditions in the areas where individuals are exposed.The values usually found in the continental environment are normally between a few becquerels per cubic metre and several thousand becquerels per cubic metre. Activity concentrations o

40、f less than one becquerel per cubic metre may be observed in the oceanic environment. Radon activity concentrations vary inside houses from several tens of becquerels per cubic metre to several hundreds of becquerels per cubic metre7. Activity concentration can reach several thousands of becquerels

41、per cubic metre in very confined spaces. Variations of a few nanojoules per cubic metre to several thousand nanojoules per cubic metre are observed for the potential alpha energy concentration of short-lived radon decay products.ISO 11665 consists of 10 parts (see Figure 1) dealing with: measurement

42、 methods for radon-222 and its short-lived decay products (see ISO 11665-2, ISO 11665-3, ISO 11665-4, ISO 11665-5 and ISO 11665-6);NOTE 1 There are many methods for measuring the radon-222 activity concentration and the potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products. The choi

43、ce of measurement method will depend on the expected level of concentration and on the intended use of the data, such as scientific research and health-related assessments89. measurement methods for the radon-222 exhalation rate (see ISO 11665-7 and ISO 11665-9);NOTE 2 ISO 11665-7 refers back to ISO

44、 11665-5 and ISO 11665-6. measurement methods for the radon-222 diffusion coefficient (see ISO 11665-10); methodologies for radon-222 measurements in buildings (see ISO 11665-8).NOTE 3 ISO 11665-8 refers back to ISO 11665-4 for radon measurements for initial investigation purposes in a building and

45、to ISO 11665-5, ISO 11665-6 and ISO 11665-7 for measurements for any additional investigation. ISO 2012 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 11665-1:2015EN ISO 11665-1:2015(E)BS ISO 11665-1:2012ISO 11665-1:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of

46、 national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Int

47、ernational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with th

48、e rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by

49、 at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 11665-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.ISO 11665 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of radioactivity in the environ