EN ISO 10426-5-2005 en Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials for well cementing - Part 5 Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10426-5:2005 Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure The European Standard EN ISO 10426-5:2005 has the status of a British Standard IC

2、S 91.100.10; 75.020 BS EN ISO 10426-5:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 January 2006 BSI 23 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 46865 8 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of The UK parti

3、cipation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PSE/17, Materials and equipment for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, to Subcommittee PSE/17/-/3, Drilling and completion fluids and well cements, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text

4、; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee

5、can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search

6、” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obli

7、gations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document wa

8、s last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments EN ISO 10426-5:2005. It is identical with ISO 10426-5:2004.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO104265 October2005 ICS91.100.10;75.020 EnglishVersion PetroleumandnaturalgasindustriesCementsandmaterials forwellce

9、mentingPart5:Determinationofshrinkageand expansionofwellcementformulationsatatmosphericpressure (ISO104265:2004) IndustriesduptroleetdugaznaturelCimentset matriauxpourlacimentationdespuitsPartie5: Dterminationduretraitetdelexpansionlapression atmosphriquedesformulationsdecimentspourpuits(ISO 104265:

10、2004) ErdlundErdgasindustrieZementeundMaterialienfr dieZementationvonTiefbohrungenTeil5:Bestimmung derSchrumpfungundQuellungvonBohrloch ZementmischungenbeiatmosphrischemDruck(ISO 104265:2004) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon30September2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalR

11、egulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialv

12、ersions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Fin

13、land,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ru

14、edeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO104265:2005:E Foreword The text of ISO 10426-5:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and

15、 natural gas industries” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 10426- 5:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries“, the secretariat of which is he

16、ld by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re

17、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,

18、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10426-5:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10426-5:2005 without any modifications. EN ISO 10426-5:2005 Reference number ISO 10426-5:2004(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO

19、10426-5 First edition 2004-12-01 Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Ciments et matriaux pour la cimentation des puits

20、 Partie 5: Dtermination du retrait et de lexpansion la pression atmosphrique des formulations de ciments pour puits EN ISO 10426-5:2005ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Sampling 2 5 Determination of shrinkage or expansion

21、 under conditions of free access of water at atmospheric pressure Annular ring test 2 6 Determination of bulk shrinkage or expansion under impermeable condition and atmospheric pressure Membrane test . 9 Bibliography . 13 EN ISO 10426-5:2005iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standar

22、dization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to

23、 be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Stan

24、dards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Int

25、ernational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10426

26、-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements. ISO 10426 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum an

27、d natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing: Part 1: Specification Part 2: Testing of well cements Part 3: Testing of deepwater well cement formulations Part 4: Preparation and testing of foamed cement slurries at atmospheric pressure Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expa

28、nsion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure EN ISO 10426-5:2005 vIntroduction Dimensional changes in oil- and gas-well cements after placement, phenomena often referred to as shrinkage, (when the dimensional change corresponds to a decrease in cement volume) have often been used to exp

29、lain various wellbore phenomena including a microannulus, leading to a bad bond as demonstrated by the bond log; interzonal communication, resulting in costly remedial operations; lack of a hydraulic seal when utilizing cement inflatable packers. Attempts have been made to find additives that decrea

30、se cement shrinkage (shrinkage being a fundamental characteristic of Portland cement) The best solution for shrinkage thus far has been the identification of additives that favour the expansion of the cement. However, even if cement expands dimensionally, it will still shrink internally. In this cas

31、e, the bulk expansion of the cement sample is simply superimposed on an inner shrinkage that will affect the porosity of the sample. Shrinkage and expansion in cement result from the formation of hydration products having a density different from the compounded density of the reaction components. Th

32、is can result in the following: change in pore volume; change in pore pressure; change in sample dimensions; change in internal stress. In a closed cell with a non-deformable boundary, the volume of hydrates produced during the chemical reaction is less than the volume of dry compounds plus water. T

33、he change in volume of hydrates will be referred to as inner hydration shrinkage. The change in the sample dimensions will be referred to as bulk shrinkage or expansion. Bulk shrinkage and expansion of cement refer to the result of the measurement of linear dimensional change or volume change. The v

34、olume to which all volume changes are related is the volume of the slurry immediately after mixing and emplacement in the experimental equipment. In this part of ISO 10426, units are given as SI, and where practical, U.S. Customary units are included in brackets for information. Users of this part o

35、f ISO 10426 should be aware that further or differing requirements might be needed for individual applications. This part of ISO 10426 is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering, or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application. Th

36、is can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details. This part of ISO 10426 is based on API Technical Report 10TR 21 . EN ISO 10426-5:2005

37、blank1Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 5: Determination of shrinkage and expansion of well cement formulations at atmospheric pressure 1 Scope This part of ISO 10426 provides the methods for the testing of well cement formulations to determine the di

38、mension changes during the curing process (cement hydration) at atmospheric pressure only. This is a base document, because under real well cementing conditions shrinkage and expansion take place under pressure and different boundary conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced docume

39、nts are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 10426-2:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for

40、 well cementing Part 2: Testing of well cements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bulk expansion increase in the external volume or dimensions of a cement sample 3.2 bulk shrinkage decrease in the external volume or dimensions o

41、f a cement sample 3.3 hydration shrinkage difference in the volume between the hydration products and the volume of the dry cement, additives and water EN ISO 10426-5:20052 4 Sampling 4.1 General Samples of the neat cement or cement blend, solid and liquid additives, and mixing water are required to

42、 test a slurry according to this part of ISO 10426. Accordingly, the best available sampling technology should be employed to ensure the laboratory test conditions and materials match as closely as possible those found at the wellsite. Some commonly used sampling devices are shown in ISO 10426-2:200

43、3, Figure 1. 4.2 Method Applicable sampling techniques for the fluids and materials used are specified in ISO 10426-2:2003, Clause 4. 5 Determination of shrinkage or expansion under conditions of free access of water at atmospheric pressure Annular ring test 5.1 General information The annular expan

44、sion mould is a device suitable for measuring only the linear bulk shrinkage or expansion properties of a cement formulation. The magnitude of expansion depends on the amount of expanding agent, cement powder, slurry design and curing condition (pressure, temperature, time, fluid access). It should

45、be noted that expansion is strongly affected by boundary conditions. The chemical process of mineral growth is strongly controlled by the state of stress and mineral growth will tend to occur where the stress value is the lowest, i.e. in pore space or empty spaces. Therefore, the degree of cement sh

46、rinkage and expansion is dependent on a number of conditions, not all of which can be uniquely defined. The test does not represent fully the annulus of a well. 5.2 Apparatus 5.2.1 Mould 5.2.1.1 General Use corrosion-resistant material (e.g. stainless steel). The outer diameter (OD) of the inner rin

47、g shall be 50,8 mm (2 in) and the inner diameter (ID) of the outer expansion ring shall be 88,9 mm (3,5 in). See Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 Typical mould assembly (top view) Figure 2 Typical mould assembly (side view) EN ISO 10426-5:20053Dimensions in millimetres (inches) a) Base b) Lid c) Interna

48、l ring d) Annular ring mould e) External ring f) Spacer block Figure 3 Schema of typical mould assembly parts EN ISO 10426-5:20054 5.2.1.2 Mould calibration The resilience of the ring of the mould shall be calibrated annually. The resilience shall be such that the mass of 1 000 g 1 g (2,204 6 lb 0,002 lb) applied as shown in Figure 4 shall increase the distance between the two steel measurement balls (see Figure 9) by 2 mm 0