EN ISO 5667-23-2011 en Water quality - Sampling - Part 23 Guidance on passive sampling in surface waters《水质 采样 地表水被动采样指南》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 5667-23:2011Water quality SamplingPart 23: Guidance on passive sampling insurface waters (ISO 5667-23:2011)BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis

2、British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO5667-23:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/6, Sampling (of technical committee EH/3 - Waterquality).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.T

3、his publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 61727 0ICS 13.060.45Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published unde

4、r the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 5667-23 March 2011 ICS 13.060.45 English Version Water quality - Sampling - Part 23: Guidance on passive sampli

5、ng in surface waters (ISO 5667-23:2011) Qualit de leau - chantillonnage - Partie 23: Lignes directrices pour lchantillonnage passif dans les eaux de surface (ISO 5667-23:2011) Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme - Teil 23: Anleitung zur Anwendung von Passivsammlern (ISO 5667-23:2011)This European Stan

6、dard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concernin

7、g such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into it

8、s own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,

9、Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-

10、1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 5667-23:2011: EBS EN ISO 5667-23:2011EN ISO 5667-23:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 5667-23:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147

11、“Water quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and c

12、onflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Acco

13、rding to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It

14、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 5667-23:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 5667-23:2011 without any modification. BS EN ISO 5667

15、-23:2011ISO 5667-23:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Principle .3 5 Handling passive sampling devices4 5.1 General .4 5.2 Passive sampling devices for organic compounds.5 5.3 Passive samplin

16、g devices for metals5 6 Estimation of appropriate field deployment time.6 7 Passive sampling device preparation and assembly 6 7.1 Passive sampling device preparation .6 7.2 Passive sampling device assembly.7 7.3 Passive sampling device storage7 8 Quality assurance7 8.1 General .7 8.2 Replicate pass

17、ive sampling devices in field deployment .7 8.3 Replicate quality control passive sampling devices .7 8.4 Passive sampling device controls.8 9 Selection of sampling site and safety precautions9 9.1 Selection of sampling site 9 9.2 Appropriate precautions against accidents .9 10 Passive sampling devi

18、ce deployment and retrieval 10 10.1 Materials and apparatus .10 10.2 Transport10 10.3 Deployment procedure .10 10.4 Retrieval procedure.11 11 Extraction of analytes from passive sampling devices and preparation for analysis .12 12 Analysis12 13 Calculations .13 14 Test report15 Annex A (informative)

19、 Tables providing a summary of the main types of passive sampling devices and a summary of the methods for their calibration.17 Annex B (normative) Materials and apparatus to be taken to the field for use in the deployment of passive sampling devices 19 Annex C (informative) Quality control measures

20、 20 Bibliography22 BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011ISO 5667-23:2011(E) iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedForeword SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried o

21、ut through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO c

22、ollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International

23、 Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen

24、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 5667-23 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee 6, Sampling (general methods). ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, u

25、nder the general title Water quality Sampling: Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatment

26、works and piped distribution systems Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants Part 8: Guidance on the sampling of wet deposition Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters Pa

27、rt 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments Part 13: Guidance on sampling of sludges Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance of environmental water sampling and handling Part 15: Guidance on the preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples

28、 Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011ISO 5667-23:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved v Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediments Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making Compliance w

29、ith thresholds and classification systems Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than distribution pipes Part 22: Guidance on the design and installation of groundwater monitoring points Part 23: Guidance on passive sampling in surface waters BS EN ISO

30、5667-23:2011ISO 5667-23:2011(E) vi ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction Passive sampling devices can be used for monitoring concentrations of a wide range of analytes, including metals, inorganic anions, polar organic compounds (e.g. polar pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds), non-polar orga

31、nic compounds (e.g. non-polar pesticides), and industrial chemicals (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls) in aquatic environments. Pollutant levels in surface water have traditionally been monitored by spot sampling (also known as bottle or grab sampling). Such sampling give

32、s a snapshot of pollutant levels at a particular time. Pollutant levels in surface water have a tendency to fluctuate over time and so it may be more desirable to monitor pollutants over an extended period in order to obtain a more representative measure of the chemical quality of a water body. This

33、 can be achieved by repeated spot sampling, continuous monitoring, biomonitoring or passive sampling. Passive sampling involves the deployment of a passive sampling device that uses a diffusion gradient to collect pollutants over a period of days to weeks. This process is followed by extraction and

34、analysis of the pollutants in a laboratory. Passive sampling devices can be used in kinetic or equilibrium modes. In equilibrium mode, the passive sampling device reaches equilibrium with the sampled medium, and provides a measure of the concentration at the time of retrieval from the environment. I

35、n the kinetic mode, the passive sampling device samples in an integrative way, and provides a measure of the time-weighted average concentration of a pollutant in the water over the exposure period. Where uptake into the receiving phase is under membrane control, then passive sampling devices operat

36、e as integrative samplers between the time of deployment and an exposure period of up to the time to half maximum accumulation in the receiving phase. Membrane control means that the transport resistance of the membrane is larger than that of the water boundary layer. In stagnant water, uptake is ge

37、nerally controlled by the water boundary layer. Under highly turbulent conditions, uptake is membrane controlled. Where uptake is controlled by the water boundary layer, then the passive samplers behave in a manner similar to those where uptake is under membrane control, but the sampling rate depend

38、s on flow conditions. Where flow conditions vary over time, uptake can be under water boundary control when turbulence is low, but change to membrane control when turbulence increases. Diffusion into the receiving phase is driven by the free dissolved concentration of pollutant, and not that bound t

39、o particulate matter and to large molecular mass organic compounds (e.g. humic and fulvic acids). This technique provides a measure of the time-weighted average concentration of the free dissolved fraction of pollutant to which the passive sampling device has been exposed. For some passive sampling

40、devices for metals, the concentration of analyte measured includes both the free dissolved fraction and that fraction of the analyte bound to small molecular mass inorganic and organic compounds that can diffuse into and dissociate in the permeation layer. Pollutant bound to large molecular mass com

41、pounds diffuses only very slowly into the diffusion layer. The concentration measured by a passive sampling device can be different from that measured in a spot (bottle) sample. In a spot sample, the fraction of pollutant measured is determined by a combination of factors such as the proportion of p

42、ollutant bound to particulate matter and to large organic compounds, and the treatment (e.g. filtration at 0,45 m or ultrafiltration) applied prior to analysis. Passive sampling devices used in surface water typically consist of a receiving phase (typically a solvent, polymer or sorbent) that has a

43、high affinity for pollutants of interest and so collects them. This receiving phase can be retained behind, or surrounded by, a membrane through which the target analytes can permeate. A schematic representation of such a passive sampling device is shown in Figure 1. In its simplest form, a passive

44、sampling device is comprised solely of a naked membrane, fibre or bulk sorbent which acts as a receiving phase. In such passive sampling devices, the polymer acts as both receiving phase and permeation membrane. The polymers used in these passive sampling devices usually have a high permeation, and

45、uptake is controlled by the water boundary layer. Uptake comes under membrane control only at very high flow rates. Different combinations of permeation layer and receiving phase are used for the different classes of pollutant (non-polar organic, polar organic, and inorganic). Passive sampling devic

46、es are designed for use with one of these main classes of pollutant. BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011ISO 5667-23:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved viiPassive sampling devices can be used in a number of modes including qualitative or semi-quantitative which can be applied in the detection of sources of poll

47、ution, for example. When appropriate calibration data are available, passive sampling devices can also be used quantitatively for measuring the concentration of the free dissolved species of a pollutant. BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011BS EN ISO 5667-23:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-23:2011(E) ISO 2011

48、All rights reserved 1Water quality Sampling Part 23: Guidance on passive sampling in surface waters 1 Scope This part of ISO 5667 specifies procedures for the determination of time-weighted average concentrations and equilibrium concentrations of the free dissolved fraction of organic and organometa

49、llic compounds and inorganic substances, including metals, in surface water by passive sampling, followed by analysis. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5667-1, Water quality Sampling Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and sampling technique