EN 45501-2015 en Metrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments《非自动称重仪表的计量方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 45501:2015Metrological aspects ofnon-automatic weighinginstrumentsBS EN 45501:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 45501:2015. Itsupersedes BS EN 45501:1994 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation

2、 was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPL/705, Weighing instruments.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication

3、. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 76852 1ICS 17.060; 17.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committe

4、e on 28 February 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 45501:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 45501 February 2015 ICS 17.100 Supersedes EN 45501:1992 English Version Metrological aspects of non-automatic weighing instruments Aspects mtrologiques des

5、instruments de pesage fonctionnement non automatique Metrologische Aspekte der nichtselbstttigen Waagen This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 30 June 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this

6、 European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three

7、 official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the

8、 national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe

9、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:

10、 Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 45501:2015 E BS EN 45501:2015EN 45501:2015 - 2 - Contents Foreword . 5 Introduction 6 Terminology . 7 T.1 Gener

11、al definitions . 7 T.2 Construction of an instrument 9 T.3 Metrological characteristics of an instrument 15 T.4 Metrological properties of an instrument. 16 T.5 Indications and errors. 17 T.6 Influences and reference conditions . 22 T.7 Performance test 22 T.8 Index of terms defined 22 T.9 Abbreviat

12、ions and symbols 24 1 Scope . 27 2 Principles of the European Standard . 27 2.1 Units of measurement 27 2.2 Principles of the metrological requirements 27 2.3 Principles of the technical requirements . 27 2.4 Application of requirements 28 2.5 Terminology . 28 3 Metrological requirements . 28 3.1 Pr

13、inciples of classification 28 3.2 Classification of instruments . 28 3.3 Additional requirements for multi-interval instruments 29 3.4 Auxiliary indicating devices 30 3.5 Maximum permissible errors 32 3.6 Permissible differences between results 33 3.7 Test standards . 33 3.8 Discrimination 34 3.9 Va

14、riations due to influence quantities and time 34 3.10 Type evaluation tests and examinations 38 4 Technical requirements for self- or semi-self-indicating instruments . 43 4.1 General construction requirements 43 4.2 Indication of weighing results . 45 4.3 Analog indicating device 46 4.4 Digital ind

15、icating devices 48 4.5 Zero-setting and zero-tracking devices 49 4.6 Tare devices 51 4.7 Preset tare devices 54 4.8 Locking positions . 55 4.9 Auxiliary verification devices (removable or fixed) 55 4.10 Selection of weighing ranges on a multiple range instrument . 55 4.11 Devices for selection (or s

16、witching) between various load receptors and/or load transmitting devices and various load measuring devices 56 4.12 “Plus and minus” comparator instruments 56 4.13 Instruments for direct sales to the public 56 4.14 Additional requirements for price-computing instruments for direct sales to the publ

17、ic . 58 4.15 Instruments similar to those normally used for direct sales to the public 60 4.16 Price-labeling instruments 60 4.17 Mechanical counting instruments with unit-weight receptor 60 4.18 Additional technical requirements for mobile instruments (see also 3.9.1.1) . 61 4.19 Portable instrumen

18、ts for weighing road vehicles 62 4.20 Modes of operation 62 5 Technical requirements for electronic instruments 63 BS EN 45501:2015 - 3 - EN 45501:2015 5.1 General requirements 63 5.2 Acting upon significant faults 63 5.3 Functional requirements . 63 5.4 Performance and span stability tests 64 5.5 A

19、dditional requirements for software-controlled electronic devices . 65 6 Technical requirements for non-self-indicating instruments . 71 6.1 Minimum sensitivity 71 6.2 Acceptable solutions for indicating devices 71 6.3 Conditions of construction 72 6.4 Simple equal arm beam . 73 6.5 Simple 1/10 rati

20、o beam 73 6.6 Simple sliding poise instruments (steelyards) . 74 6.7 Roberval and Branger instruments . 75 6.8 Instruments with ratio platforms . 75 6.9 Instruments with a load-measuring device having accessible sliding poises (of the steelyard type) . 76 7 Marking of instruments and modules 77 7.1

21、Descriptive Markings 77 7.2 Other marks . 80 8 Metrological controls . 81 8.1 Liability to metrological controls . 81 8.2 Type approval 81 8.3 Verification of conformity to type 81 Annex A (normative) Testing procedures for non-automatic weighing instruments . 83 A.1 Administrative examination (8.2.

22、1) 83 A.2 Compare construction with documentation (8.2.2) . 83 A.3 Initial examination 83 A.4 Performance tests . 83 A.5 Influence factors 92 A.6 Endurance test (3.9.4.3) 95 Annex B (normative) Additional tests for electronic instruments . 97 B.1 General requirements for electronic instruments under

23、 test . 97 B.2 Damp heat, steady state 97 B.3 Performance tests for disturbances . 97 B.4 Span stability test 104 Annex C (normative) Testing and Evaluation of indicators and analog data processing devices as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments 106 C.1 Applicable requirements 106 C.2 Gener

24、al principles of testing 107 C.3 Tests . 111 C.4 Evaluation Record . 114 Annex D (normative) Testing and Evaluation of digital data processing devices, terminals and digital displays as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 116 D.1 Applicable requirements 116 D.2 General principles of test

25、ing 117 D.3 Tests . 117 D.4 Evaluation record 118 Annex E (normative) Testing and Evaluation of weighing modules as modules of non-automatic weighing instruments . 119 E.1 Applicable requirements 119 E.2 General principles of testing 120 E.3 Tests . 120 E.4 Evaluation Record . 120 Annex F (normative

26、) (Mandatory for separately tested modules) Compatibility checking of modules of non-automatic weighing instruments 122 F.1 Weighing instruments 122 BS EN 45501:2015EN 45501:2015 - 4 - F.2 Separately tested load cells . 123 F.3 Separately tested indicators and analog data processing devices . 124 F.

27、4 Compatibility checks for modules with analog output . 126 F.5 Compatibility checks for modules with digital output 128 F.6 Examples of compatibility checks for modules with analog output . 128 Annex G (normative) Additional examinations and tests for software-controlled digital devices and instrum

28、ents 133 G.1 Devices and instruments with embedded software (5.5.1) . 133 G.2 Personal computers and other devices with programmable or loadable software (5.5.2) . 133 G.3 Data storage devices (5.5.3) . 134 G.4 Test record format . 135 Annex ZZ (informative) Coverage of Essential Requirements of EC

29、Directives . 136 Bibliography . 137 BS EN 45501:2015 - 5 - EN 45501:2015 Foreword This document (EN 45501:2015) has been prepared by a Joint CEN/CENELEC Working Group on Non-automatic Weighing Instruments. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which this document has to be implemented at nat

30、ional level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-08-13 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-08-13 This document supersedes EN 45501:1992. EN 45501:2015 includes the following significant te

31、chnical changes with respect to EN 45501:1992: In preparing this European Standard, EN 45501:1992 which formed the basis of this standard, was considered, but with additions and amendments to take into account the developments in technology which have occurred in the intervening years. Significant c

32、hanges include, extensions to the EMC immunity requirements to reflect the greater use of wireless technology for many purposes, enhanced specifications for the integrity and security of software and testing regimes to confirm compliance, requirements for portable and mobile instruments, and recogni

33、tion of the use of modular elements in families of instruments with enhanced testing requirements for both analog and digital modules and systems for confirming the compatibility of modules when combined into a single instrument or system. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN

34、ELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For the relationship with EU Directive see informative Annex ZZ, which is an integral part of this document. BS EN 45501:2015EN 45501:2015 - 6 - Introduction This European

35、 Standard has been adapted from the OIML Recommendation R 76-1, Edition 2006, Non-automatic weighing instruments - Part 1: Metrological and technical requirements - Tests by a Joint Working Group from CEN and CENELEC. It was elaborated following a standardization request from the Commission of the E

36、uropean Communities to CEN and CENELEC to establish a European Standards related to Council Directive 2009/23/EC on Non-automatic weighing instruments. BS EN 45501:2015 - 7 - EN 45501:2015 Terminology (terms, definitions and references) The terminology used in this standard conforms to the “Internat

37、ional Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology” (VIM) 1 , the “International Vocabulary of Terms in Legal Metrology” (VIML) 2. In addition, for the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. An index of all the terms, definitions and references defined below can be found u

38、nder T.8. T.1 General definitions T.1.1 Weighing instrument Measuring instrument that serves to determine the mass of a body by using the action of gravity on this body. NOTE In this standard “mass” (or “weight value”) is preferably used in the sense of “conventional mass” or “conventional value of

39、the result of weighing in air”, according to OIML R111 or D28 whereas “weight” is preferably used for an embodiment (i.e. material measure) of mass that is regulated in regard to its physical and metrological characteristics. The instrument may also be used to determine other quantities, magnitudes,

40、 parameters or characteristics related to the determined mass. According to its method of operation, a weighing instrument is classified as an automatic weighing instrument or a non-automatic weighing instrument. T.1.2 Non-automatic weighing instrument Instrument that requires the intervention of an

41、 operator during the weighing process to decide that the weighing result is acceptable. NOTE 1 Deciding that the weighing result is acceptable includes any intelligent action by the operator that affects the result, such as taking an action when an indication is stable or adjusting the mass of the w

42、eighed load, and to make a decision regarding the acceptance of each weighing result on observing the indication or releasing a print out. A non-automatic weighing process allows the operator to take an action (i.e. adjust the load, adjust the unit price, determine that the load is acceptable, etc.)

43、 which influences the weighing result in the case where the weighing result is not acceptable. A non-automatic weighing instrument may be graduated or non-graduated, or self-indicating, semi-self-indicating or non-self-indicating. NOTE 2 In this standard a non-automatic weighing instrument is called

44、 an “instrument”. T.1.2.1 Graduated instrument Instrument allowing the direct reading of the complete or partial weighing result. T.1.2.2 Non-graduated instrument Instrument not fitted with a scale numbered in units of mass. T.1.2.3 Self-indicating instrument Instrument in which the position of equi

45、librium is obtained without the intervention of an operator. T.1.2.4 Semi-self-indicating instrument Instrument with a self-indicating weighing range, in which the operator intervenes to alter the limits of this range. T.1.2.5 Non-self-indicating instrument Instrument in which the position of equili

46、brium is obtained entirely by the operator. T.1.2.6 Electronic instrument BS EN 45501:2015EN 45501:2015 - 8 - Instrument equipped with electronic devices. T.1.2.7 Instrument with price scales Instrument that indicates the price to pay by means of price charts or scales related to a range of unit pri

47、ces. T.1.2.8 Price-computing instrument Instrument that calculates the price to pay on the basis of the indicated weight value and the unit price. T.1.2.9 Price-labeling instrument Price-computing instrument that prints the weight value, unit price and price to pay for prepackages. T.1.2.10 Self-ser

48、vice instrument Instrument that is intended to be operated by the customer. T.1.2.11 Mobile instrument Non-automatic weighing instrument mounted on or incorporated into a vehicle. NOTE 1 A vehicle-mounted instrument is a complete weighing instrument which is firmly mounted on a vehicle, and which is

49、 designed for that special purpose. EXAMPLE 1: Postal scale mounted on a vehicle (mobile post office). NOTE 2 A vehicle-incorporated instrument uses parts of the vehicle for the weighing instrument. EXAMPLE 2: Garbage weighers, patient lifters, pallet lifters, fork lifters, wheel chair weighers. T.1.2.12 Portable instrument for weighing road vehicles Non-automatic weighing instrument having a load receptor, in one or several parts, which determines the total mass of road vehicles, and which is designed to be moved to other locations. EXAMPLES: Portable weigh