EN 16603-10-11-2014 en Space engineering - Human factors engineering《航天工程 人类工程学》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16603-10-11:2014Space engineering Humanfactors engineeringBS EN 16603-10-11:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16603-10-11:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Com-mittee ACE/68,

2、 Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi-sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Instituti

3、on 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 83406 6ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments/corrigenda

4、 issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16603-10-11:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16603-10-11 July 2014 ICS 49.140 English version Space engineering - Human factors engineering Ingnirie spatiale - Ingnierie des facteurs humains Raumfahrttechnik - Technik

5、 der Humanfaktoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2013. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-da

6、te lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by

7、 translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgi

8、um, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer

9、land, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16603-10-11:2014 EBS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603

10、-10-11:2014 (E) 2 Table of contents Foreword 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 10 3.1 Terms from other standards 10 3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 10 3.3 Abbreviated terms. 12 4 Requirements 13 4.1 Overview 13 4.2 Key HFE

11、 parameters for human-machine systems . 13 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 Context of use . 16 4.3 HFE role and mission context . 16 4.3.1 General . 16 4.3.2 HFE role 16 4.3.3 Operations nomenclature 16 4.3.4 Users manual 17 4.3.5 Training approach . 17 4.3.6 Mission phases . 18 4.3.7 Identification of req

12、uirements 18 4.4 Human centred design requirements 18 4.4.1 General . 18 4.4.2 Planning the human-centred design process. 19 4.4.3 Human-centred design activities . 19 4.5 Human reference characteristics 21 4.5.1 Anthropometry and biomechanics . 21 4.5.2 Electronic mannequin 21 4.5.3 Physical perfor

13、mance and fatigue . 21 BS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 3 4.5.4 Cognitive performance and fatigue 21 4.6 HFE requirements. 22 4.6.1 General . 22 4.6.2 Requirements process 22 4.6.3 Safety 23 4.6.4 Hardware ergonomics . 23 4.6.5 Environmental ergonomics 23 4.6.6 Cognitive ergonomics 24 4

14、.6.7 Operations design ergonomics 24 4.7 Crew systems . 24 4.7.1 Overview . 24 4.7.2 Habitable environments 25 4.7.3 Labels and cues 25 4.7.4 Architecture complements . 25 4.7.5 Components and provisions for crew stations . 26 4.7.6 Work stations 27 4.7.7 Off duty stations 27 4.7.8 Physical maintena

15、nce stations 28 4.7.9 Medical facilities and provisions 28 4.7.10 Extra vehicular/planetary activity requirements and supports 28 4.8 Informatics support . 29 4.9 Operation products . 29 4.9.1 Procedures . 29 4.9.2 Cue cards . 30 4.9.3 Timeline 30 4.9.4 Displays 30 4.9.5 Training requirements . 31 4

16、.10 Continuous assessment instruments 31 4.10.1 Continuous assessment process . 31 4.10.2 Events . 34 4.10.3 Tools . 35 4.11 Verification methods requirements 37 4.11.1 Overview . 37 4.11.2 Analysis and similarity . 37 4.11.3 Ground HFE test . 38 4.11.4 System simulations . 39 Annex A (normative) HC

17、D process plan - DRD 40 BS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 4 A.1 DRD identification . 40 A.1.1 Requirement identification and source document 40 A.1.2 Purpose and objective . 40 A.2 Expected response . 40 A.2.1 Scope and content 40 A.2.2 Special remarks 41 Annex B (normative) HFE analysis

18、 and simulation report - DRD . 43 B.1 DRD identification . 43 B.1.1 Requirement identification and source document 43 B.1.2 Purpose and objective . 43 B.2 Expected response . 43 B.2.1 Scope and content 43 B.2.2 Special remarks 45 Annex C (normative) HFE continuous assessment process report - DRD 46

19、C.1 DRD identification . 46 C.1.1 Requirement identification and source document 46 C.1.2 Purpose and objective . 46 C.2 Expected response . 46 C.2.1 Scope and content 46 C.2.2 Special remarks 48 Annex D (normative) HFE test report - DRD . 49 D.1 DRD identification . 49 D.1.1 Requirement identificat

20、ion and source document 49 D.1.2 Purpose and objective . 49 D.2 Expected response . 49 D.2.1 Scope and content 49 D.2.2 Special remarks 50 Annex E (informative) Related ISO and other European standards . 51 Bibliography . 55 Tables Table 4-1: Overview of human factors principle and techniques . 33 B

21、S EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 16603-10-11:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This standard (EN 16603-10-11:2014) originates from ECSS-E-ST-10-11C. This European Standard shall be gi

22、ven the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document ma

23、y be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicab

24、ility (e.g. : aerospace). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic

25、 of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.” BS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 6 Introduction

26、 This Standard defines requirements for the integration of the human in the loop for space system products. Thus it provides all requirements to be applied when the presence of the human is planned on-board, or for the nominal or non-nominal interaction of the human with the system, subsystem or equ

27、ipment to be designed (e.g. a ground based human-computer interface). This Standard identifies requirements for the equipment for implementing a proper manned system that takes into consideration efficiency, effectiveness and wellbeing of the on-board crew, and ground based operators of human-in-the

28、-loop systems. This Standard also identifies the verification methods and related methodologies to be used to confirm compliance to the above mentioned requirements. This Standard is applicable to both the flight and the ground segment of the space system and refers to the maximum extent possible to

29、 already existing HFE non-space domain standards, deviating only when the specific application environment dictates it. The application of human factors (that in the space domain includes ergonomics) to systems design enhances effectiveness and efficiency, improves human working conditions, and dimi

30、nishes possible adverse effects of use on human health, safety and performance. Applying ergonomics to the design of systems involves taking account of human capabilities, skills, limitations and needs. A space system design will consider human factors and especially the two following main aspects f

31、rom the very beginning of the conceptual phase. Firstly the human being will be correctly taken into account in the design of the hardware, software and operations products and secondly the corresponding organisation and training will be addressed in parallel to the design of the hardware and softwa

32、re. This standard provides: a set of requirements for a human centred design process applied to a space system compatible with the ISO Standard 13407:1999 - Human-centred design processes for interactive systems. A planned accompanying Handbook will provide: a tailoring guide of the existing standar

33、d - ISO STD 17399:2003 previously known as NASA STD 3000 “Space systems - Man-systems integration”. A key issue of the human centred design approach is the involvement of the stakeholders from the beginning and continuously throughout the project. Benefits of a human centred design include increased

34、 productivity, enhanced BS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 7 quality of work, reductions in support and training costs, and improved user satisfaction. This approach aims to help those responsible for managing hardware and software design processes as well as planning for operations to id

35、entify and plan effective and timely human-centred design activities. It complements existing design approaches and methods. NOTE The customers total cost of ownership will be dramatically reduced if HFE practices are well integrated into all project phases, from the very beginning. BS EN 16603-10-1

36、1:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 8 1 Scope This Standard forms part of the System engineering branch of the Engineering area of the ECSS system. As such it is intended to assist in the consistent application of human factors engineering to space products by specifying normative provisions for methods,

37、data and models to the problem of ensuring crew safety, well being, best performance, and problem avoidance in space system and payload operations. This Standard ECSS-E-ST-10-11 belongs to the human factors discipline, as identified in ECSS-E-ST-10, and defines the human factors engineering and ergo

38、nomics requirements applicable to elements and processes. This Standard is applicable to all flight and ground segments for the integration of the human in the loop for space system (this includes hardware and software or a combination of the two) products. When viewed in a specific project context,

39、 the requirements defined in this Standard should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project. This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00. BS EN 16603-10-1

40、1:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 9 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications do not apply. Howev

41、er, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN reference Reference in text Title

42、EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system Glossary of terms EN 16603-10-06 ECSS-E-ST-10-06 Space engineering Technical specification EN 16603-34 ECSS-E-ST-34 Space engineering Environmental control and life support (ECLS) EN 16603-70 ECSS-E-ST-70 Space engineering Ground systems and operations BS E

43、N 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 10 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms from other standards For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply, in particular for the following terms: operation procedure stakeholder 3.2 Terms specific to

44、the present standard 3.2.1 context of use users, tasks, equipment (hardware, software, operations products), and physical, social and organisational environment in which a product is used 3.2.2 crew an organised group of users on-board a spacecraft or on a planetary surface mission 3.2.3 crew statio

45、n an area or volume where the crew operates 3.2.4 crew systems hardware, software and operations products used to enable space systems to be safely, efficiently and effectively used by the crew 3.2.5 effectiveness extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved also cons

46、idering accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals 3.2.6 efficiency relationship between the result achieved and the resources used where the human resource is the primary one to be considered BS EN 16603-10-11:2014EN 16603-10-11:2014 (E) 11 3.2.7 human-machine system system

47、composed by hardware, software and operations products which include human in the loop NOTE For example: this includes the simple tool up to the complete -International Space Station (ISS), passing through a human-robot system; the system can also be multi machine or an organization that interface w

48、ith a group of people. 3.2.8 human centred design approach to human-machine system design and development that focuses, beyond the other technical aims, on making systems usable 3.2.9 operation activities and measures to enable, maintain, or both, the intended use of the system, payload, or both NOT

49、E For example: a group of tasks, flight or scientific payloads operations. 3.2.10 operations nomenclature consistent mission terminology and symbology across all items that the users interact with 3.2.11 procedure set of instructions available to the users for system and payload execution that describe the specific sequence of operations to be performed by the users to logically, safely, and efficiently accomplish nominal and off nominal tasks during the mission 3.2.12 stakeholder any entity (individual or organisation) with a legitimate interest in the system