EN 14899-2005 en Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan《废弃物特性 取样策略制定及应用的废弃物材料结构的取样》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14899:2005Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling PlanThe European Standard EN 14899:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.030.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3

2、g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14899:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49367 9N

3、ational forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14899:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on B/5

4、08/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publica

5、tionAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14899December 2005ICS 13.030.01English VersionCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -Framework for the preparation and application of a SamplingPlanCaractrisation des dchets - Prlvement des dchets -Procdure

6、-cadre pour llaboration et la mise en oeuvredun plan dchantillonnageCharakterisierung von Abfllen - Probenahme von Abfllen- Rahmen fr die Erstellung und Anwendung einesProbenahmeplansThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC In

7、ternal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN membe

8、r.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are

9、the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdo

10、m.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14899:2005: EEN 14899:200

11、5 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope. 7 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Preparation of a Sampling Plan. 11 4.1 Principle 11 4.2 Key elements of a Sampling Plan 14 4.2.1 Involved parties 14 4.2.2 Objectives of the Testing Programme 14 4.2.3 Testing level 14

12、4.2.4 Identify constituents to be tested 15 4.2.5 Background information on material 15 4.2.6 Health and safety 16 4.2.7 Select sampling approach . 17 4.2.8 Identify sampling technique 19 5 Sampling . 19 5.1 Taking the sample 19 5.2 Delivery . 20 6 Reporting 20 6.1 Document Sampling Plan 20 6.2 Samp

13、ling Record 20 Annex A (informative) Example information Sampling Plan. 22 Annex B (informative) Example information Sampling Record 23 Bibliography 26 EN 14899:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14899:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”,

14、 the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. This European

15、 Standard has been prepared under the mandate M/326 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austr

16、ia, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14899:2005 (E) 4 Introduction

17、Wastes are materials, which the holder discards, or intends or is required to discard, and which may be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materials are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the c

18、haracteristics of interest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows informed decisions to be made on the appropriate way in which they should be treated, (or not), and recovered or disposed. In order to undertake valid tests a (number of) representative sample(s) of the waste may be required

19、. The potential scope of an overall testing programme can be complex, the process flow chart in Figure 1, defines 7 key steps that make up the essential elements of the testing programme. The principles outlined in this European Standard provide a framework that can be used to design and develop a S

20、ampling Plan; being the first of the 7 key steps. This European Standard should be read in conjunction with the other standards developed by TC 292, which provide detailed instructions on how to complete the remaining key steps. All information is provided in accordance with the requirements specifi

21、ed in these European Standards. Further information on the relationship between the production of a Sampling Plan and the overall testing programme objectives can be found in prCEN/TR 15310-5. At the outset, all appropriate involved parties will discuss and agree the objectives and boundaries of the

22、 programme, although in some cases pre-conditions set by national legislation may define these objectives. In turn the objectives will help define the level of testing required e.g. basic characterization, compliance or verification testing, in addition to the desired reliability of the testing / as

23、sessment and frequency of testing. In designing the sampling exercise attention will then be given to other factors, which include: the type of material to be sampled, the accessibility of the material and the parameters to be determined. Collectively, these activities allow the scope of the testing

24、 programme to emerge. To reach the objectives of a testing programme, methods of sampling need to be selected or designed that ensure availability of appropriate samples representative for the purpose of the tests to be performed. The overall test programme design often involves iterative discussion

25、 between the involved parties. A Sampling Plan is defined by the specific objectives of the testing programme and how those objectives can be practically achieved with reference specifically to the sampling activities for the situation and material under investigation. Additionally, this European St

26、andard deals with the actual sampling in accordance with the Sampling Plan and the development of the sampling report. More than one Sampling Plan may be required to fulfil all the objectives of the testing programme. A Sampling Plan should detail all the information pertinent to a particular sampli

27、ng exercise. The procedural steps that will be considered to complete key step 1 “The preparation and application of a Sampling Plan” are detailed in Figure 2. It is this process map that provides the basic framework for the practitioner developing a Sampling Plan to meet the requirements of any tes

28、ting programme. This European Standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national leg

29、islation; design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis. EN 14899:2005 (E) 5 Essential information for the application of this European Standard can be found in the following five Technical Reports: CEN/TR 15310-11: Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: G

30、uidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-21: Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-31: Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedure

31、s for sub-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15310-41: Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-51: Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the p

32、rocess of defining the sampling plan. The Technical Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. Although this European Standard refers in most cases to the taking of one sample or increment, or the pre

33、paration of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that in many cases this will be more than one. For simplicity this European Standard adopts the use of singular terms, plural terms will however be possible or likely. 1To be published. EN 14899:2005 (E) 6 The Testing ProgrammePreperation and app

34、lication of the Sampling PlanT ake a sam p l e i n a ccorda nce with the Sampling PlanDefine the Sampling PlanIf necessary undertake sample pretreatment to produce a laboratory sample Laboratory SampleProduce a sampling recordTransport the sample to the laboratoryTest portion preparationExtractionAn

35、alysis / quantificationAnalyse data against programme objectives (u ti l i se sta ti sti ca l te sti n g m e th o d s)Produce overall Measurement Report1234567Sampling RecordOverall Measurement ReportStorageStorageNOTE Key steps define the 7 overall steps that make-up a testing programme. Figure 1 L

36、inks between the essential elements of a testing programme EN 14899:2005 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the procedural steps to be taken in the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan describes the method of collection of the laboratory sample necessary for

37、meeting the objective of the testing programme. The principles or basic rules outlined in this European Standard, provide a framework that can be used by the project manager to: produce standardised Sampling Plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards

38、 dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis. This European Standard has been developed for the characterization of waste. There may be a need fo

39、r more than one Sampling Plan to meet all the requirements of the testing programme. Ultimately the Sampling Plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out. NOTE Although this European Standard in most cases refers to the taking of one sample or increment

40、or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that often this should be more than one. For simplicity reasons this European Standard uses singular terms, while plural terms are also possible or even likely. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable

41、 for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste Terminology Part1: Material related terms and def

42、initions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste Terminology Part2: Management related terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13965-1:2004, EN 13965-2:2004 and the following apply. NOTE This European Standard

43、 avoids the use of the terms sampling protocol and sampling strategy as they are both known to represent conflicting concepts in a number of countries. 3.1 composite sample two or more increments / sub-samples mixed together in appropriate proportions, either discretely or continuously (blended comp

44、osite sample), from which the average value of a desired characteristic may be obtained ISO 11074-2:1998 3.2 constituent property or attribute of a material that is measured, compared or noted EN 14899:2005 (E) 8 3.3 field sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained through sampling withou

45、t any sub-sampling 3.4 heterogeneity degree to which a constituent (3.2) is not uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material NOTE 1 A material may be homogeneous with respect to one constituent or property but heterogeneous with respect to another. NOTE 2 The degree of heterogeneity is th

46、e determining factor in sampling uncertainty. 3.5 homogeneity degree to which a constituent (3.2) is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material 3.6 increment individual portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device which will not be analysed / investigated as

47、a single entity, but will be mixed with other increments in a composite sample NOTE 1 Whenever the portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device is analysed individually, the obtained material is called a sample. In such a situation the quantity of material has to fulfil b

48、oth the criteria for the size of an increment as well as for a sample. NOTE 2 In some languages the term increment is used without the condition that an increment will never be analysed on its own. For this European Standard this is however an essential condition in the definition of the term increm

49、ent. 3.7 involved parties individuals involved in the (iterative) process relating to the exchange of information regarding the material to be sampled NOTE Such parties include, for instance, the sampler, the analyst, the client, the regulator and the producer of the material. The person responsible for the overall measurement report is the Project Manager. 3.8 judgemental sampling samples collected using at best a partially-probabilistic procedure and at worst a non-probabilistic approach NOTE Usually these samples