EN 415-4-1997 en Safety of Packaging Machines - Part 4 Palletizers and Depalletizers《包装机械的安全性 第4部分 码垛机和散垛机》.pdf

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1、STD-BSI BS EN Li15-4-ENGL 1778 Lb24bb7 Ob727b2 2110 P BRITISH STANDARD Safety of packaging machines Part 4. Palletizers and depalletizers The European Standard EN 415-4 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICs 55.200 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 35 EN

2、 C15-4 : 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 4L5-4-ENGL 1798 M lb24bb7 Ob727b3 157 M BS EN 416-4 : 1998 Committees responsible for this British Standard The prepamlion of this British Standard was entrusted by Technid Committee MCEB, Safeguarding of machinery, to Subcommittee MCE/3/3, Packaging machines - Safety, up

3、on which the foiiowjng bodies were represenlxd Association of the British Pharmaceutid industry BreweIs and Licensed Retail Association British Robot Association British Soft Drinks Association Limited Dairy Industry Federation Food and Drink Federation Health and Safety Executive Liquid Food Carton

4、 Manufacturem Association Processing and Packaging Machinery Association Scotch Whisky Association Wes Union Congress The following body was also represented in the draffJng of the standard, through a panel Machinery Safety Equipment Manufacturem Association This British Standard, having been prepar

5、ed under the directjon of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1998 CI BSI 1998 Amendments issued since publication The foiowing BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Commietee reference MCE3/3 Draft

6、for comment WOO221 DC ISBN O 580 28110 8 I I STD-BSI BS EN LILS-LI-ENGL 1998 = lb24bb9 Ob727b4 O73 U BS EN 415-4 : 1998 National foreword This Part of BS EN 415 has been prepared by Subcommittee MCE/3/3, and is the English language version of EN 415-4 : 1997 Safety of pachzging machines -Part 4: P -

7、 noise; - radiation; - fumes, gas, dust; - vibration; - ergonomics (see EN 6141 : 1995). Mermore this standard does not cover hazards arising from contents of the load (e.g. toxic or flammable materials). Linked equipment, before and after the (delpalletizer, which is not an integral part of (de)pae

8、tizing machineTl (for example pallet load securing) is not covered by this standard This standard applies primady to the machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of the standard 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from

9、other publications. These normafive references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment

10、 or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1 : 1991 EN 292-2 : 1991 EN 294 : 1992 EN 349 EN 418 EN 6141 : 1995 prEN 619 : 1991 EN 775 : 1992 prEN 953 : 1992 prEN 954-1 : 1992 prEN 982 : 1996 prEN 983 : 1996 prEN 999 : 1993 EN 1037 EN 1050 :

11、 1993 ENV 1070 EN 10%: 1995 Page 3 EN 4154 : 1997 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principies and spdficatwns Safety of machinery - Safety d

12、istances to p-ewnt danger zm being reached by the upper limbs Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body Safety of machinery - Emergencz/ stop equipnent, functional aspects - Principles for design Safety of whinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 1: Terminol

13、ogy and geneml prinnplas Continuous handing equipment and systems - Equipment for mechanical handing of unit loads only - Special safety requirements for design, mnufacturing, erections and commissioning smw Manipulating industrial robots - Safety (IS0 10218 : 1992, modified) Safety of machinery - G

14、eneral requirements for the design and construction of guards ked, movable) Safety of machinery - Safety related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design Safety requirements for fluid power systems and cmpcments - Hydraulics Safety requirements for fluid pcnoer systems and co

15、mponents - pneumat.ics Safety of machinery - Han#am speed - Amah speed of parts of the body for the positioning of safety deuices Safety of machinery - Prevention Safety of machinery - Risk assessment Safety of machinery - Safety of machinery - Interloclcing devices assoc.iatd with guar bonded layer

16、s Pailet load consisting of layers of different layer layouts to reinforce the binding effect (for example, the same palleking layouts turned through 90“ or 180“ relative to each other). 3.1.2.8 pallet A rigid horizontal platform of minimum height compatible with handling by pallet trucks, and/or fo

17、rk lift trucks and other appropriate handling equipment, used as a base for assembling, stacking, storing, handling and tsdnsporting goods and loads. It may be constructed with, or fitted with, a superstnicture. 3.1.3 Zones 3.1.3.1 interior zone Zone defined by the boundaries of the machine safeguar

18、ds and, if applicable, the machine structure (see figures 1 and 2). NOTE. The concept is addressed in 6.2. ISO/DIS 445 : 19941 O BSI 1998 STD.BS1 BS EN 425-Li-ENGL 1998 E Lb24bb7 Ob727b9 b75 Page 5 EN 415-4 : 1997 1: Depalleizer 2 Empty pallet stacker 3 Pallet loads conveyor 4 Unit load conveyors 5

19、Transfer conveyor for empty pallets 6 Stacks of empty pallets A: interior zone 1 B interior zone 2 C Electrosensitive protective device D Guarding Figure 2. Automatic depalletizer 3.1.3.2 working zone Area occupied by the personnel employed to work at the machine during norma operation (see figure 1

20、). This area may include part of the interior zone at a specific period of the machine cycle. NOTE. The different zones of a (de)paiietizer are shown schematically in figure 1. See figure 2 for an example of automatic depaiietizer. 3.1.4 vpes of machine 3.1.4.1 palletizer Machine intended for the gr

21、ouping or stacking of unit loads on pallets. 3.1.4.2 depalletizer Machine intended for separation of palletized loads. 3.1.4.3 semi automatic (de)palletizer Machine in which part of the operations are carried out manually or under manuai contxol and the other part is carried out automaw. 3.1.4.4 aut

22、omatic (de)palletizer Machine in which all the operations on the palletized load are carried out automatidy by the machine. 3.1.4.6 single position palletizer PaUetizer having a feed and a stacking system designed such that a palietized load cannot begin to be formed until the preceding palletized l

23、oad has been removed. 3.1.4.6 multiposition palletizer Palletizer having a feed and a stacking system designed such that several palletized loads can be formed at the same time. NOTE. The concept is addressed in 6.4. O BSI 1998 Page 6 EN 416-4 : 1997 3.1.4.7 single position depalletizer Depalletizer

24、 having a separating system and a system for removing unit loads such that the unioaduig of a pailetized load cannot begin to be carried out until after the complete separation of the preceding palletized load. 3.1.4.8 mdtiposition depalletizer Depalletizer having a separating system and a system fo

25、r removing unit loads such that the separation of several palletbed loads can be carried out at the same be. 3.1.4.9 palletizer-depalletizer Machine in which the palletization and depalletbation functions are physically combined. 3.1.4.10 unstacker of empty pallets Machine or element forming part of

26、 a pailetizer designed to remove individual pallets from a stack of 3.1.4.11 stacker of empty pallets Machine or element forming part of a depailetizer designed to stack individual empty pallets. NOTE. Unstacker and stacker can be combined into a single machine. 3.1.4.12 manipdating industrial robot

27、 An autodaily controed, reprogmmmable, multipurpose, manipulative machine with several degrees of Mom, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industriai automation applications. EN 775 : 19921 3.1.4.13 palletizing programme scheduie of infomation which allows the pdetizer to dispose

28、 the unit loads in such a way as to obtain a pallet load conforming to the desired palletjzing layouts 3.2 Fnnctional grouping of (de)palletizers 3.2.1 FunctionaI grouping qfpdietizers types There are many variations on the way to group unit loads to form a pallet load. They can be classified depend

29、ing on the trander unit which can be one (or several) unit load (see 3.2.1.1.1), a row (see 3.2.1.1.2), a stack (see 3.2.1.1.3), a multiple stack (see 3.2.1.1.4) or a layer (see 3.2.1.1.6); or on the number of pailet loads that can be processed simuleo single position (see 3.2.1.2.1) or muitipositio

30、n (see 3.2.1.2.2) empty pallets. 3.2.1.1 Funetid g?vuping depending on ULe means of transfkng unit loads 3.2.1.1.1 Unit load tramfer, when the machine transfers by one unit load at a time. The principle is shown in figure 3 and an example is shown in figure 4. 3.2.1.1.2 Row transfer, when the machin

31、e tramfers a horizontal linear grouping of unit loads. Figure 3. Principle of unit load transfer m Figure 4. Example of unit load transfer O BSI 1998 * * v, STD.BS1 BS EN q15-4-ENGL 1978 9 Lb24bb9 Ob72771 223 E Page 7 EN 415-4 : 1997 The principle is shown in figure 5 and an example is shown in figu

32、re 6. 3.2.1.1.3 Stack immfer, when the machine transfers a vertical hear grouping of unit loads. The principle is shown in figure 7 and an example of stack preparation is shown in figure 8. 1: Row prepaxation 2: Row transfer Figure 6. Principle of row load transfer Figure 6. Example of low load tran

33、sfer O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN YLS-L-I-ENGL 2978 9 lb24bb7 b72772 LbT 9 Page 8 EN 416-4 : 1997 1: Stack preparation 2: Stack transfer Figure 7. Principle of stack transfer Figure 8. Example of stack preparation 3.2.1.1.4 Multiple stack transfer, when the machine transfers a vertical grouping of sever

34、al stacks. The principle is shown in figure 9 and an example is shown in figure 10. 3.2.1.1.6 Layer transfer, when the machine transfers a horizontal grouping of several rows. This can be done in Merent ways: 3.2.1.1.6.1 High level palletizer where tsansfer is done from above, after assembly at low

35、level. The principle is shown in figure 11 and an example is shown in figure 12. 3.2.1.1.6.2 High level palletizer where the transfer is done from above after assembly above. The principle is shown in figure 13 and an example is shown in figure 14. 3.2.1.1.6.3 Low level pailetizer where transfer is

36、done from below after assembly at low level. The principle is shown in figure 15 and an example is shown in figure 16. 3.2.1.2 Functional grouping 4.2.2 High pressure fluid ejection if hydraulic and/or pneumatic power is used (see 6.2.2); 4.2.3 Slip, trip and fali Com any high level (see 6.9). 4.2.4

37、 Mechanical hazards exist on each type of palletizer, depalletizer and empty pallet stickerhaker. The location of each type of hazard is indicated in figures 19 to 21 and the following tables: - table 1 for palietizers; - table 2 for depalletizers; - table 3 for stackerishuistackers of empty pallets

38、. Wle 1 to table 3 list the constituent pasts of the machinery where specific mechanical hazards are present, and refer to table 4 where the hazards are described. Table 5 is a crossreference table which relates a hazard listed in table 4 to the subclause of this standard in which the corresponding

39、safety measures are developed A: Unit load infeed conveyor B Unit load spacing conveyor C Unit load orientation device D Row preparation table E: Layer preparation table Figure 18. Schematic of infeed transfer devices O BSI 1998 STDaBSI BS EN LiLS-q-ENGL 1998 1b29bbS Ub72.778 b88 M 9 4 4 7 - Mechani

40、sm . on -er of unit io b) crushing (at B) by lifting component (D); c) impact following fall of load. Specific hazards exist during normal operation see figures 20 and 21: a) crushing at (B) by lifting component (D); b) impact following fail of load; ci) puncture or impact by the fors (at A) on unde

41、rload handling devices (C) figure 20; c2) crushing by clamp (at A) on sideload handiing devices (C) figure 21. Impact wih ejected or falling load SDecific hazards linked to the handiin2 of the load br a fork iift truck. X Ix (x - Hazard if there is manual operation e.g. fali of load, fall from heigh

42、t. Specific hazard: impact due to fail of an empty pailet, and impact, shearing and crushing due to mechanism. 10 Impact, shearing and crushing hazard due to loss of stability of loads or of part of the machine while commissioning or part change. it can be found in all machines. Table 6. Relation: M

43、echanical hazardsafety measure Y 14 15 i6 3 2 XI I Ix I 6.2.4 6.2.6 6.3 X X X X 6.4 l I x lx Ix Ix XI Ix I 6.6 Ix Ix x Ix Ix Ix XI Ix I 6.6.1 I I (x (x +I X X 6.6.2 6.8 I I I I Ix Ix 6.9 Ix Ix O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN LiL5-4-ENGL L77B W Lb24bb9 Ob72780 23b D Page 16 EN 415-4 : 1997 A: Shearing and s

44、evering hazard B Crushing hazard -= e C Opening and closing of screen D: Up and down movement of pallet load Figure 19. vpical mechanical hazards in a single position high level palletizer with layer prepared above. A: Puncture or impact hazard B Crushing hazard e -= C Opening and closing of forks D

45、 Up and down movement of pallet load Figure 20. mical mechanical hazards in a single position low level palletizer using forks with layer prepared on the ground. O BSI 1998 - STD.BSI BS EN LiL5-Li-ENGL 1998 lb24bb9 Ob72781 172 H Page 17 EN 416-4 : 1997 A: Crushing hazard t C: Opening and closing of

46、sidehandling B: Crushing hazard load e D Up and down movement of pallet Figure 21. Wpical mechanical hazards in a single position low level (de)palletizer using clamps on sideload handling with layer prepared on the ground. 6 Safety requirements and safety measures 6.1 Hazards not covered by this st

47、andard There is a very wide variety of (de)pallezing machines and the type of loads they handle. Consequent - interlocked movable guards in which the safety related control systems are designed to a minimum of category 1 defined in 7.2.2 of prEN 954-1 : 1992; - electrosensitive protective devices de

48、signed to a minimum of type 2 as defmed in 4.1.3 ofprEN 5010-1 : 1994. The zone shall be enclosed up to the heights, taken from any ames level, given in table 2 of EN 294 : 1992. O BSI 1998 STD-BSI BS EN 1115-II-ENGL 1998 D Lb2IIbbS b72782 009 m Page 18 EN 4164 : 1997 if guards are used they shall a

49、ilow visibility (see 7.10 of prEN 953 : 1992) from the workmg zone. An interior zone can be divided into subzones such that safe access by an operator to one subzone is possible whilst the machinery continues to operate in the other subzone(s). In order to achieve safe access into a sub-zone, safeguards shall be provided to prevent access into other subzones or to induce the stopping of dangerous parts of these sub-zones. Applications of these techniques are given in subsequent subclames. 6.2.6 Teaching of programmable systems Teach shall