EN 14255-2-2005 en Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation - Part 2 Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the wor.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14255-2:2005Measurement and assessment of personal exposures to incoherent optical radiation Part 2: Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplaceThe European Standard EN 14255-2:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.280g49g50g3g38g50g5

2、1g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14255-2:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Commi

3、ttee on 25 January 2006 BSI 25 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47598 0National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14255-2:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CPL/34, Lamps and related equipment, to Subcommittee CPL/34/10

4、, Light and lighting, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developmen

5、ts and promulgate them in the UK.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the

6、section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application

7、.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 53 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documen

8、t was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14255-2December 2005ICS 13.280English VersionMeasurement and assessment of personal exposures toincoherent optical radiation - Part 2: Visible and infraredradiation emitted by

9、 artificial sources in the workplaceMesure et valuation de lexposition des personnes auxrayonnements optiques incohrents - Partie 2 :Rayonnements visibles et infrarouges mis par dessources artificielles sur les lieux de travailMessung und Beurteilung von personenbezogenenExpositionen gegenber inkohr

10、enter optischer Strahlung -Teil 2: Sichtbare und infrarote Strahlung knstlicherQuellen am ArbeitsplatzThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 November 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandar

11、d the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germ

12、an). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

13、k, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES

14、 KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14255-2:2005: EEN 14255-2:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction. 5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative refe

15、rences 7 3 Terms and definitions 8 3.1 Quantities, symbols and units 8 3.2 Definitions and relationships between quantities . 9 4 General procedure 11 5 Preliminary review 12 6 Work task analysis12 7 Measurement of the exposure .13 7.1 Planning.13 7.2 Quantities to be determined.14 7.3 Selection of

16、method14 7.4 Requirements for the measurement methods 17 7.5 Implementation19 7.6 Expression of results20 8 Assessment of the exposure .20 8.1 Comparison.20 8.2 Statement.20 8.3 Additional information20 9 Decision about protective measures.21 10 Repetition of measurement and assessment .21 11 Report

17、 21 11.1 Short Report 21 11.2 Full Report.22 Annex A (informative) Flow chart of procedure .23 Annex B (informative) Tables (examples) for work task analysis.24 Annex C (informative) Commonly used radiation measurement devices26 Annex D (informative) Examples of protective measures .28 Annex E (info

18、rmative) Examples of methods for the determination of the quantities Lr, Lb, Gb, Hb, Eb, E, H and the assessment of associated hazards 29 Table 1 Quantities, symbols and units. 8 Table 2 Suitable methods for the measurement of the quantities Lr, Gb,Hb, Eb, E and H in dependence of the measurement ai

19、m and the exposure conditions (see Annex E)16 Table B.1 Basic information.24 Table B.2 Detailed information concerning activities at a single location .25 Table E.1 Survey of suitable measurement methods.30 Table E.2 Advantages and disadvantages of method A 31 Table E.3 Advantages and disadvantages

20、of method B 32 EN 14255-2:2005 (E) 3 Table E.4 Advantages and disadvantages of method C 33 Table E.5 Advantages and disadvantages of method D 34 Table E.6 Advantages and disadvantages of method E 35 Table E.7 Advantages and disadvantages of method F.36 Table E.8 Advantages and disadvantages of metho

21、d G 37 Table E.9 Advantages and disadvantages of method H 38 Table E.10 Advantages and disadvantages of method I40 Table E.11 Advantages and disadvantages of method J.41 Table E.12 Advantages and disadvantages of method K 42 Table E.13 Advantages and disadvantages of method L.42 Table E.14 Advantage

22、s and disadvantages of method M43 Table E.15 Advantages and disadvantages of method N 44 Table E.16 Advantages and disadvantages of method O 45 Table E.17 Advantages and disadvantages of method P.46 Table E.18 Advantages and disadvantages of method Q 46 Table E.19 Advantages and disadvantages of met

23、hod R 47 Table E.20 Advantages and disadvantages of method S.48 Table E.21 Advantages and disadvantages of method T.48 Table E.22 Advantages and disadvantages of method U 49 Table E.23 Advantages and disadvantages of method V.50 Table E.24 Advantages and disadvantages of method W51 Table E.25 Advant

24、ages and disadvantages of method X.51 Table E.26 Advantages and disadvantages of method Y.52 Bibliography.53 EN 14255-2:2005 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14255-2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This

25、 European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. EN 14255 Measurement and assessment of personal exposures t

26、o incoherent optical radiation is published in four parts: Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace. Part 2 (this part): Visible and infrared radiation emitted by artificial sources in the workplace. Part 3: UV-Radiation emitted by the sun (in preparation). Part 4

27、: Terminology and quantities used in UV-, visible and IR-exposure measurements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia

28、, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14255-2:2005 (E) 5 Introduction People may be exposed to adversely high levels of v

29、isible (VIS) and/or infrared (IR) radiation in the workplace. The most important natural source for such VIS/IR-radiation is the sun. There are also artificial VIS/IR-radiation sources, where VIS- and/or IR-radiation is either intentionally emitted to achieve the purpose of the sources application o

30、r is unintentionally emitted. Visible optical radiation (VIS-radiation): Common applications for sources intentionally emitting visible optical radiation are: general lighting, signalling devices, initiation of industrial-, medical- or agricultural- photochemical processes and phototherapy of patien

31、ts (e.g. hyperbilirubinemia- and bright light therapy, physiotherapy and photodynamic therapy). Some examples of sources where visible radiation is unintentionally emitted are: welding arcs, industrial furnaces and some types of UV-sources. When people are irradiated by intense VIS-radiation, injuri

32、es may occur. VIS-radiation can cause damage to the retina through thermal or photochemical mechanisms. Photosensitization of the skin to visible light, usually due to the action of certain drugs, plants, or other substances, may occur shortly after administration of the drug (phototoxic sensitivity

33、), or may occur only after a latent period which can vary from days to months (photoallergic sensitivity, or photoallergy). VIS-radiation may also induce or aggravate some diseases like porphyria. Infrared optical radiation (IR-radiation): Common applications for sources intentionally emitting infra

34、red optical radiation are: radiative heaters, military nightsight devices, phototherapy of patients (e.g. physiotherapy and photodynamic therapy), industrial photochemical or photothermal processes. Some examples of sources, where infrared radiation is unintentionally emitted, are: welding arcs, som

35、e types of visible light sources (e.g. high power tungsten lamps) and industrial furnaces. When people are irradiated by intense IR-radiation, injuries may occur. The anterior structures of the eyes (cornea) and the skin may be damaged by short term IR-irradiation of high irradiance. Depending on th

36、e wavelength a certain fraction of IR radiation can also cause damage to the retina through thermal or photochemical mechanisms. But additionally, long term less intense IR-irradiation may also result in cumulative damage to the eyes and skin, such as cataracts and skin aging. In order to avoid shor

37、t term injuries and reduce additional risks from long term overexposure to VIS- and/or IR-radiation, national regulations and international recommendations require restriction of VIS/IR-exposure levels in the workplace. To achieve this, it is necessary to determine the level of VIS/IR-exposure and a

38、ssess its gravity. The determination of the level of VIS/IR-exposure can be done by measurement of the VIS/IR-exposure of the people likely to be exposed. Determination of the severity of a VIS/IR-exposure is normally done by comparison of the determined exposure level with the required or recommend

39、ed limit value. When the exposure level complies with the limit value no further action is necessary. When the limit value is exceeded protective measures have to be applied in order to decrease the VIS/IR-exposure. As the exposure situation at the workplace may change, it may be necessary to repeat

40、 the determination and assessment of VIS/IR-exposure at a later time. VIS/IR radiation exposure measurements are often costly and time consuming. So it is reasonable to avoid measurements if possible, i. e. if the personal VIS/IR radiation exposure can be estimated and either exceeds the limit value

41、s by far or is far below the limit values. In some cases, the manufacturer may have classified a device according to European and International Standards such as EN 12198 and CIE S009. Knowledge of the classification of all potential sources of VIS/IR may allow a sufficiently precise assessment of h

42、azard to be made without further measurement. Another approach could be to use known spectral data of sources in combination with calculation software in order to estimate exposure level 5. VIS/IR-exposure measurements are only necessary if it cannot be estimated in advance whether the limit values

43、will be exceeded or not. So as a first step of the assessment procedure it is useful to carry out a preliminary review including an exposure estimation. This European Standard does not specify VIS/IR-exposure limit values. VIS/IR-exposure limit values are set in national regulations or provided by i

44、nternational organizations, such as the International Commission for Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1. This European Standard specifies the procedures for measurement and assessment of VIS/IR-exposures in the workplace. As the results of measurement and assessment of EN 14255-2:2005 (E)

45、6 VIS/IR-exposure depend on the method of implementation, it is important to carry out measurements and assessments in a standardised way. EN 14255-2:2005 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies procedures for the measurement and assessment of personal exposures to visible (VIS) and infrared

46、(IR) radiation emitted by artificial sources, where adverse effects cannot be readily excluded. NOTE 1 Adverse effects will normally not occur in exposures caused by normal lighting or room heating. This European Standard applies to VIS- and IR- exposures in indoor and outdoor workplaces. It does no

47、t apply to VIS- and IR-exposures in leisure time. This European Standard does not apply to VIS- and IR- exposures caused by the sun. NOTE 2 Part 3 of this standard will deal with UV-exposures caused by the sun. This European Standard does not specify VIS- and IR-exposure limit values. It supports th

48、e application of limit values set by national regulations or international recommendations. This European Standard applies to VIS- and IR- exposures by artificial incoherent sources, which emit spectral lines as well as continuous spectra. This European Standard does not apply to coherent radiation

49、sources. NOTE 3 Coherent optical radiation sources are covered by standards for lasers, like EN 60825-1 etc. This European Standard applies to visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) radiation exposures in the wavelength band 380 nm to 3 m. It also applies to radiation exposures that may present a blue-light hazard in the wavelength band 300 nm to 700 nm. This European Standard does not apply to other effects of which the action spectra lie solely within the UV-region 180 nm to 400 nm. NOTE 4 Part 1 of EN 14255 add