EN 12697-26-2018 en Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 26 Stiffness.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Bituminous mixtures - Test methodsPart 26: StiffnessBS EN 12697-26:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12697-26 June 2018 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-26:2012English Version Bituminous mixtures

2、 - Test methods - Part 26: Stiffness Mlanges bitumineux - Mthodes dessai - Partie 26: Module de rigidit Asphalt - Prfverfahren - Teil 26: Steifigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 February 2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul

3、ate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European St

4、andard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the n

5、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,

6、Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form

7、 and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12697-26:2018 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-26:2018. It supersedes BS EN 12697-26:2012, which is withdrawn.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 12697-26:2018 as a Br

8、itish Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval.The UK committee voted negatively because of concerns over the specimen size and tolerances.The UK considers that the standard as written is both

9、 difficult to fully comply with and some mixtures with large aggregate sizes will not provide credible results.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to it

10、s secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 91782 0ICS 93.080.20Compliance with a British Standard

11、cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12697-26:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EU

12、ROPISCHE NORM EN 12697-26 June 2018 ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-26:2012English Version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods - Part 26: Stiffness Mlanges bitumineux - Mthodes dessai - Partie 26: Module de rigidit Asphalt - Prfverfahren - Teil 26: Steifigkeit This European Standard was approved by

13、 CEN on 26 February 2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stan

14、dards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and n

15、otified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,

16、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-

17、CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12697-26:2018 EBS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normativ

18、e references 6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols . 8 4 Principle . 9 5 Sample preparation 9 5.1 Age of the specimens 9 5.2 Drying of the specimens . 9 5.3 Dimensions and bulk density of the specimens . 9 5.4 Number of test specimens . 10 6 Checking of the

19、 testing equipment 10 7 Test methods . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Codification of tests . 10 7.2.1 Sinusoidal bending tests 10 7.2.2 lndirect tensile test (pulse or cyclic) . 11 7.2.3 Cyclic or monotonous uniaxial tests 11 7.2.4 Loading conditions 11 7.2.5 Load amplitudes . 11 7.2.6 Loading frequencies

20、 11 7.3 Controlled strain rate loading . 12 7.3.1 Test method . 12 7.3.2 Loading conditions 12 7.3.3 Strain amplitudes for direct tensile tests 12 8 Temperatures 13 9 Expression of results . 13 10 Test report 15 10.1 Introduction . 15 10.2 General . 15 10.3 Information on specimens 15 10.4 Informati

21、on on test method . 15 10.5 Information on the test and results . 16 10.6 Optional information 16 11 Precision 16 Annex A (normative) Two point bending test on trapezoidal specimens (2PB-TR) or on prismatic specimens (2PB-PR) 17 A.1 Principle 17 A.2 Equipment 17 A.3 Specimen preparation 19 BS EN 126

22、97-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 3 A.4 Procedure 20 Annex B (normative) Three point bending test on prismatic specimens (3PB-PR) and four point bending test on prismatic specimens (4PB-PR). 21 B.1 Principle . 21 B.2 Equipment . 22 B.3 Specimen preparation 23 B.3.1 Dimensions . 23 B.3.2 Sample manufact

23、ure 23 B.4 Procedure 24 Annex C (normative) Test applying indirect tension to cylindrical specimens (IT-CY) . 25 C.1 Principle . 25 C.2 Equipment . 25 C.2.1 General devices . 25 C.2.2 Test equipment 25 C.3 Specimen preparation 30 C.4 Mode of operation 31 C.4.1 Mounting the specimen 31 C.4.2 Stiffnes

24、s measurement . 31 Annex D (normative) Direct tension-compression test on cylindrical specimens (DTC-CY) . 33 D.1 Principle . 33 D.2 Equipment . 33 D.3 Specimen preparation 33 D.4 Mode of operation 35 D.4.1 Stabilizing the specimen 35 D.4.2 Procedure 35 Annex E (normative) Test applying direct tensi

25、on to cylindrical specimens (DT-CY) or to prismatic specimens (DT-PR) 36 E.1 Principle . 36 E.2 Equipment . 36 E.3 Specimen preparation 36 E.3.1 Cylindrical specimen . 36 E.3.2 Prismatic specimen 37 E.4 Mode of operation 37 E.4.1 Stabilization of the specimen . 37 E.4.2 Procedure 38 E.5 Derivation o

26、f the master-curve - Isotherms 39 Annex F (normative) Test applying cyclic indirect tension to cylindrical specimens (CIT-CY) 40 BS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 4 F.1 Principle 40 F.2 Equipment 40 F.2.1 Test machine 40 F.2.2 Loading. 40 F.2.3 Displacement . 40 F.2.4 Thermostatic chamber . 42

27、 F.2.5 Recording and measuring system 42 F.2.6 Loading strips 42 F.3 Specimen preparation 42 F.3.1 Test specimen 42 F.3.2 Specimen dimensions . 43 F.4 Mode of operation 43 F.4.1 Test temperature . 43 F.4.2 Mounting the specimen 43 F.4.3 Procedure 43 F.4.4 Checking of specimen deterioration . 44 Anne

28、x G (informative) Derivation of the master curve . 45 G.1 Principle 45 G.2 Theoretical background 46 G.3 Experimental data 47 G.4 Test report 48 BS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 12697-26:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road mate

29、rials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2018

30、. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12697-26:2012. Compared with EN 12697-26:2012, the following changes have bee

31、n made: the series title no longer makes the method exclusively for hot mix asphalt Title; implementation of a real haversinusoidal load in Annex C; implementation of several technical corrections in all annexes; adjustment of procedures in all the tests; application of the correct wording within al

32、l the test procedures. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of

33、 Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 6 1 Scope This E

34、uropean Standard specifies the methods for characterizing the stiffness of bituminous mixtures by alternative tests, including bending tests and direct and indirect tensile tests. The tests are performed on compacted bituminous material under a sinusoidal loading or other controlled loading, using d

35、ifferent types of specimens and supports. The procedure is used to rank bituminous mixtures on the basis of stiffness, as a guide to relative performance in the pavement, to obtain data for estimating the structural behaviour in the road and to judge test data according to specifications for bitumin

36、ous mixtures. As this standard does not impose a particular type of testing device the precise choice of the test conditions depends on the operating scope and working range of the device used. For the choice of specific test conditions, the requirements of the product standards for bituminous mixtu

37、res should be respected. The applicability of this document is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,

38、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures Te

39、st methods for hot mix asphalt Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures Test method for hot mix asphalt Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specime

40、n EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation by gyratory compactor EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods Part 33: Specimen prepared by roller compactor 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this doc

41、ument, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 stiffness modulus relationship between maximum applied stress and maximum measured strain response and expressed as: =E (1) BS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 7 3.1.2 complex modulus relationship between stress and strain for a linear visc

42、o-elastic material submitted to a sinusoidal load wave form at time, t, where applying a stress sin ( t) results in a strain sin ( t ) that has a phase angle, , with respect to the stress The amplitude of strain and the phase angle are functions of the frequency, f, and the test temperature, . The s

43、tress strain ratio defines the complex modulus E* as: = + * *(cos() sin()EE i (2) The complex modulus depends on the frequency f and the temperature . The complex modulus is characterised in two ways: 1. By the real component E1and the imaginary components E2: = 1* cos( )EE (3) =2* sin ( )EE (4) 2.

44、By the absolute value of the complex modulus E* and the phase angle, : = +2212*E EE (5) =21arctanEE(6) This second characterization is more often used in practice. In linear elastic multi-layer calculations for instance the E* modulus is generally used as input value for Youngs modulus. Note 1 to en

45、try: For purely elastic materials, the phase angle is zero and then the complex modulus reduces to the Youngs modulus. This happens when bituminous materials are at very low temperatures. Then the complex modulus reaches its highest possible value, noted E. BS EN 12697-26:2018EN 12697-26:2018 (E) 8

46、3.1.3 secant modulus relationship between stress and strain at the loading time, t, for a material subjected to controlled loading (force or displacement): =()()()tEtt(7) with stress, (t), and strain, (t), at time t Note 1 to entry: The strain law is = ni()tt (8) where iand n are constants. Note 2 t

47、o entry: Several successive tests can be carried out on the same specimen for different values of i. For linear visco-elastic materials, the secant modulus obtained for different values of iat the same temperature depends on the loading time, t, only. 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of this document, t

48、he following symbols apply: D maximum aggregate size in an asphalt mix in millimetre (mm); E the elastic stiffness (modulus), in megapascals (MPa); E* the visco-elastic complex modulus, in megapascals (MPa); |E*| absolute modulus of the complex modulus, in megapascals (MPa); E1the real component of

49、the complex modulus, in megapascals (MPa); E2the imaginary component of the complex modulus, in megapascals (MPa); Ethe highest possible value of the complex modulus, in megapascals (MPa); F the loading force, in newtons (N); h the mean thickness of the specimen, in millimetres (mm); H the height of a cylindrical specimen, in millimetres (mm); l0the original length of the measurement area in millimetres (mm); l the elongation of the measurement area in micrometers (m); L t