EN 12390-7-2009 en Testing hardened concrete - Part 7 Density of hardened concrete《硬化混凝土试验 第7部分 硬化混凝土密度》.pdf

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1、BS EN12390-7:2009ICS 91.100.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDTesting hardenedconcretePart 7: Density of hardened concreteThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 31 May 2009 BSI 2009IS

2、BN 978 0 580 58799 3Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 12390-7:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12390-7:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 12390-7:2000 and which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technic

3、alCommittee B/517/1, Concrete production and testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance w

4、ith a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 12390-7:2009EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12390-7February 2009ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 12390-7:2000 English VersionTesting hardened concrete - Part 7: Density of hardenedconcreteEssai pour bton durci - P

5、artie 7 : Masse volumique dubton durciPrfung von Festbeton - Teil 7: Dichte von FestbetonThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 December 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status

6、 of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ver

7、sion in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denm

8、ark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION

9、EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12390-7:2009: EBS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Norma

10、tive references 4 3 Apparatus .4 4 Test specimens 4 5 Procedures .5 6 Test result .8 7 Test report 8 8 Precision .8 Bibliography . 10 BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12390-7:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”,

11、the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2009. Attention

12、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12390-7:2000. This standard is one of a series concerned with testin

13、g concrete. The series EN 12390 includes the following parts: EN 12390 Testing hardened concrete Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds; Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests; Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens; Part 4: Compressive stre

14、ngth - Specification for testing machines; Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens; Part 6: Tensile splitting strength of test specimens; Part 7: Density of hardened concrete; Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure. The following amendments have been made to the 2000-10 edition of

15、this standard: editorial revision According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,

16、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for determining the

17、 density of hardened concrete. It is applicable to lightweight, normal-weight and heavy-weight concrete. It differentiates between hardened concrete in the following states: 1) as-received; 2) water saturated; 3) oven-dried. The mass and volume of the specimen of hardened concrete are determined and

18、 the density calculated. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. E

19、N 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for test specimens and moulds 3 Apparatus 3.1 Callipers and rules, capable of determining the dimensions of a specimen to within 0,5 % 3.2 Balance, equipped with a stirrup for weighing the specimen in both air and

20、water to an accuracy of 0,1 % of the mass 3.3 Water tank, fitted with a device to maintain the water at a constant level and of sufficient size to allow the specimen on the stirrup to be fully immersed to a constant depth NOTE If the reading of the balance is affected to within the accuracy required

21、 due to the displacement of water when immersing the specimen, then the tank should be fitted with a device to maintain the water at a constant level. The tank should be of sufficient size to allow the specimen to be fully immersed. 3.4 Ventilated oven, in which the temperature is capable of being c

22、ontrolled at (105 5) C. NOTE The apparatus required depends upon the method selected for determining the volume of the specimen. 4 Test specimens The minimum volume of a specimen shall be 0,785 l. If the nominal maximum aggregate size of specimens cast in moulds exceeds 25 mm, the minimum volume sha

23、ll be not less than 50D, where D is the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 5 Normally, the entire specimen as received shall be used for the determination. If the shape or size of a specimen is such that it is not possible to use all of it, a smaller

24、specimen may be broken or sawn from the original. Capped specimens shall not be used. 5 Procedures 5.1 General 5.1.1 Determination of mass This European Standard recognizes three conditions under which the mass of a specimen can be determined: a) as-received; b) water saturated; c) oven-dried. 5.1.2

25、 Determination of volume This European Standard recognizes three methods for determining the volume of the specimen: a) by water displacement (reference method); b) by calculation using actual measurements; c) for cubes, by calculation, using checked, designated dimensions. NOTE 1 The precision of t

26、he method depends on the method selected for measuring the volume of the specimen. Measurement of volume by the water-displacement method is the most precise, followed by calculation using measurement of actual dimensions and lastly calculation using checked, designated dimensions. NOTE 2 The limita

27、tion to cubes in 5.1.2 c) of using designated dimensions in calculation of volume is due to the greater tolerance on length, according to EN 12390-1, of other specimen shapes. 5.2 Mass of as-received specimen Weigh the as-received specimen mr, to an accuracy of 0,01 % of the mass of the specimen. Re

28、cord the value indicated in kg. 5.3 Mass of water saturated specimen Immerse the specimen in water at (20 2) C until the mass changes by less than 0,2 % in 24 h, wiping the surplus water from the surface before each weighing. Record the value of the saturated mass ms, in kg. NOTE Specimens of concre

29、te cured in water for at least 72 h prior to testing, may be assumed to be saturated to a constant mass. 5.4 Mass of oven-dried specimen Dry the specimen in a ventilated oven at (105 5) C until the mass changes by less than 0,2 % in 24 h. Before each weighing, cool the specimen to near room temperat

30、ure in a dry airtight vessel or desiccator. Record the value of the oven-dried mass moas indicated, in kg. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 6 5.5 Volume obtained by water displacement 5.5.1 General Ensure that the specimen is in a saturated condition. NOTE 1 This method is suitable for specimen

31、s of all shapes and is the only method suitable for specimens of irregular shape. NOTE 2 This method is normally unsuitable for specimens of no-fines concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete with large pores, or specimens whose moisture content must not be altered. However, the application of a thin

32、 water impermeable layer can make this method practicable. 5.5.2 Mass in water Determine the mass of the specimen in water according to the following procedure: Raise the water tank until the stirrup, without a specimen, is immersed in the water tank and does not touch the bottom of the tank. Record

33、 the apparent mass of the stirrup mst, in kg. NOTE 1 The apparent mass of the stirrup may alternatively be allowed for using a zero setting facility on the balance (tareing). Place the specimen in the stirrup and raise the water tank until the specimen is submerged and the water level on the stirrup

34、 is the same as it was without the specimen. NOTE 2 Trapping of air bubbles on the sides of the specimen and on the stirrup should be avoided. Record the apparent mass (mst+ mw), in kg, of the immersed specimen and stirrup. 5.5.3 Mass in air Determine the mass of the specimen in air according to the

35、 following procedure: Remove the specimen from the stirrup and wipe the surplus water from the surfaces, using a damp cloth. Place the specimen on the balance and record the mass of the specimen in air main kg. 5.5.4 Calculate the volume of the specimen Calculate the volume of the specimen, using th

36、e formula: astwstw( ) mmmmV+=(1) where: V is the volume of the specimen, in m; mais the mass of the specimen in air, in kg; mstis the apparent mass of the immersed stirrup, in kg; mwis the apparent mass of the immersed specimen, in kg; wis the density of water, at 20C, taken as 998 kg/m. BS EN 12390

37、-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 7 a) Stirrup suspended beneath balance mechanism b) Alternative form of stirrup suspended beneath balance machanism Key 1 Balance 2 Stirrup 3 Concrete specimen 4 Guide 5 Water tank is moved vertically 6 Side view of stirrup Figure 1 Typical stirrup arrangement for the dete

38、rmination of the volume of concrete specimens by water displacement 5.5.5 Volume obtained by measurement Calculate the volume of the specimen from measurements made on the specimen in accordance with EN 12390-1, in m, rounded to four significant figures. 5.5.6 Volume obtained by using designated dim

39、ensions (cubes only) Confirm that the cube has been made in a calibrated mould, conforming to EN 12390-1. Check the dimensions in accordance with EN 12390-1. Calculate the volume of the cube in m, expressed to 3 significant figures. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 8 6 Test result Calculate the

40、 density using the values determined for the mass of specimen and its volume, using the formula: VmD = (2) where: D is the density related to the condition of the specimen and the method of determining the volume, in kg/m; m is the mass of the specimen as determined in 5.2, 5.3 or 5.4 at the time of

41、 test, in kg; V is the volume determined by the particular method, in m. Report the condition of the specimen at the time of test and the method used for determining the volume of the specimen as part of the test result. Express the result of the density determination to the nearest 10 kg/m. 7 Test

42、report The report shall include: a) identification of the test specimen; b) location of performance of test; c) description of the specimen (e.g. 100 mm cube, 150 mm diameter core); d) details of specimen preparation (if any); e) condition of specimen at time of test; (as-received, or water saturate

43、d, or oven-dried); f) method of determination of volume; (water displacement, or measured size, or checked, designated size); g) date of test; h) calculated density of specimen, in kg/m; i) any deviation from the standard test method; j) a declaration by the person technically responsible for the te

44、st that it was carried out in accordance with this document, except as noted in item i). 8 Precision Precision data are given in Table 1. These apply to density measurements in the range 2 300 kg/m3to 2 400 kg/m3on cubes made from the same sample of concrete and when each test result is obtained fro

45、m a single determination of the saturated density of a single cube. They indicate the variability that occurs when sampling, making and curing the cubes. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 9 Table 1 Precision data for measurements of the saturated density of hardened concrete Test method Repeatab

46、ility conditions Reproducibility conditions Srkg/m3r kg/m3SRkg/m3R kg/m3By calculation using measured dimensions: 100 mm cubes, 150 mm cubes. 13,9 9,9 39 28 20,5 20,5 57 57 By water displacement: 100 mm cubes 150 mm cubes 6,5 6,4 18 18 12,8 10,6 36 30 NOTE 1 The precision data were determined as par

47、t of an experiment carried out in 1987 in which precision data were obtained for several of the tests described in BS 1881. The experiment involved 16 operators. The concretes were made using an ordinary Portland cement, Thames Valley sand, and Thames Valley 10 mm and 20 mm coarse aggregates. NOTE 2

48、 The difference between two test results from the same sample by one operator using the same apparatus within the shortest feasible time interval will exceed the repeatability value r on average not more than once in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the method. NOTE 3 Test results on

49、the same sample obtained within the shortest feasible time interval by two operators each using their own apparatus will differ by the reproducibility value R on average not more than once in 20 cases in the normal and correct operation of the method. NOTE 4 For further information on precision, and for definitions of the statistical terms used in connection with precision, see ISO 5725-1. BS EN 12390-7:2009EN 12390-7:2009 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: Genera