EN 10330-2015 en Magnetic materials - Method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit《磁性材料 开放式磁路中磁性材料矫顽力的测量方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 10330:2015Magnetic materials Method of measurement ofthe coercivity of magneticmaterials in an open magneticcircuitBS EN 10330:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 10330:2015. Itsupersedes BS EN 10330:2003 which is

2、withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/108, Magnetic Alloys and Steels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a con

3、tract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 88665 2ICS 29.030Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authori

4、ty of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 10330:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10330 August 2015 ICS 29.030 Supersedes EN 10330:2003English Version Magnetic materials - Method of measurement

5、 of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit Matriaux magntiques - Mthode de mesure du champ coercitif des matriaux magntiques en circuit magntique ouvert Magnetische Werkstoffe - Verfahren zur Messung der Koerzivitt magnetischer Werkstoffe in einem offenen Magnetkreis This E

6、uropean Standard was approved by CEN on 23 July 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references c

7、oncerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member

8、 into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Franc

9、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOM

10、ITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10330:2015 EBS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 N

11、ormative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Principle 5 5 Test specimen 5 6 Measurement 5 6.1 Magnetization . 5 6.2 Measuring devices . 6 6.2.1 General 6 6.2.2 Method A . 6 6.2.3 Method B . 6 6.3 Determination of coercivity 6 6.4 Reproducibility . 7 7 Test report 7 Annex A (normative) Precau

12、tions to be taken for measurements of coercivity below 40 A/m and above 160 kA/m . 10 A.1 Coercivities below 40 A/m 10 A.2 Coercivities above 160 kA/m 10 Bibliography 11 BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 10330:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS

13、/TC 108 “Steel sheet and strip for electrical applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2016, and conflicting national standa

14、rds shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 103

15、30:2003. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Fr

16、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies t

17、he method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic circuit. It applies to magnetic materials having a coercivity up to 500 kA/m. Special precautions to take in measuring coercivities below 40 A/m and above 160 kA/m are given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The fo

18、llowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-121

19、, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 121: Electromagnetism IEC 60050-221, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Part 221: Magnetic materials and components 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-121 and IEC 60050-221 an

20、d the following apply. 3.1 coercivity HcJmagnetic field strength required to reduce the magnetic polarization to zero in a magnetic specimen which has previously been magnetized to saturation Note 1 to entry: The coercivities HcBand HcJare respectively discriminated depending on the hysteresis loop

21、being defined in the B = f(H), or J = f(H) system (see Figure 1). It can be shown that, for materials of high-incremental permeability in the region B = 0, the difference between the intrinsic coercivity HcJand the coercivity HcBis negligible since: =BHHH0cJcB1 where HcBis the induction coercivity,

22、in amperes per metre; HcJis the polarization coercivity, in amperes per metre; B is the incremental change in magnetic flux density, in tesla (for B = 0); H is the corresponding change in magnetic field strength, in amperes per metre; 0is the magnetic constant = 4 x 10-7H/m (henrys per metre). BS EN

23、 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 5 4 Principle If a magnetic specimen is placed in a uniform magnetic field then it will distort this magnetic field unless no flux (additional to that previously carried by the air space it now occupies) enters or emerges from it. This condition represents a state of com

24、plete demagnetization, which occurs when a demagnetizing coercive magnetic field strength is applied to the specimen such that the magnetic polarization is zero. A magnetic flux detector allows detection of the condition of no distortion of a uniform magnetic field by the specimen and provides the m

25、eans for determining the coercive field strength. The method is firstly to magnetize the specimen to saturation, and then reduce the magnetizing field to zero before applying a demagnetizing field until no field distortion due to the specimen is apparent. The applied magnetic field strength required

26、 to achieve this condition is measured and defined as the coercivity of that specimen. For this measurement, the specimen is placed in an open magnetic circuit at the centre of a solenoid. The detector may be placed: a) close to the end of the specimen (method A, Figure 2); or b) outside the solenoi

27、d (method B, Figure 3). 5 Test specimen The shape and the dimensions of the specimen can be varied provided that they meet the following conditions: a) the specimen can be placed inside the solenoid so that its major axis is coincident with the axis of the solenoid; b) the specimen shall have a gene

28、rally elongated shape so that its self-demagnetizing factor is such that the specimen can be saturated and the shape effects do not produce a significant error in coercivity. (For example, in the case of cylindrical test specimens, it is recommended to have a ratio of length to diameter greater than

29、 5:1). 6 Measurement 6.1 Magnetization The test specimen is magnetized to saturation in either: a) the solenoid of the coercivity measuring device, or b) a separate device which can be, for example, a system with a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, or a pulsed magnetizing coil. Saturation is con

30、sidered to be achieved when an increase of 50 % in the magnetizing field strength gives an increase in the coercive field strength of less than 1 %. For magnetic materials having a low coercivity and a high electrical conductivity, the application of the magnetizing field shall be made smoothly with

31、out interruption; the duration of the saturation field shall be long enough to ensure complete penetration of the material. (Depending on the magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity and thickness of the material, this duration will usually be between 2 s and 20 s). See also item a) in A.2. NO

32、TE These materials also require the magnetizing field to be reduced to zero smoothly and without interruption to avoid partial demagnetization of the test specimen before the demagnetizing field is applied. If this procedure is not followed, the BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 6 coercivity result

33、may be lower than the true value. (Coercivity measurements may be repeated with increasing times for reducing the magnetizing field until a maximum value of coercivity is obtained. A time of up to 60 s may be required for very low coercivity materials.). See 1. 6.2 Measuring devices 6.2.1 General Tw

34、o methods can be used for the detection of zero magnetic polarization of the test specimen during the demagnetization: 6.2.2 Method A This method is based on the use of: a) either an axially vibrating search coil placed near the end of the test specimen (Figure 2). The point at which zero alternatin

35、g voltage, induced in the search coil by the polarization of the test specimen, is detected (e.g. on an oscilloscope); or b) a magnetic flux sensing probe (e.g. Hall or fluxgate probe) placed near the test specimen with its measurement axis normal to the axis of the solenoid (Figure 2). The probe sh

36、all be positioned off the axis of the solenoid to give good sensitivity. 6.2.3 Method B This method is based on the use of two differential magnetic flux sensing probes (e.g. Hall or fluxgate probes) placed outside the solenoid (Figure 3). By this differential method, the influence of uniform extern

37、al magnetic fields is amply compensated. 6.3 Determination of coercivity The solenoid, in which the test specimen is placed, shall be connected to a d.c. supply. The demagnetizing current through the solenoid shall be increased continuously and slowly to the point at which zero polarization of the t

38、est specimen is detected. The value of this demagnetizing current shall be measured with an ammeter of accuracy class 0.5 or by means of a digital voltmeter connected across a standard resistor (Figure 4) giving an equivalent accuracy. The magnetic field strength in the solenoid over the volume of t

39、he sample shall not vary by more than 0,5 %. The current shall be measured for each of the two directions of the demagnetizing field of the solenoid. The value of the coercivity shall be calculated from the relationship: HcJ= k I where HcJis the coercivity, in amperes per metre; I is the mean value

40、of the two currents of opposite polarity, in amperes; K is the magnetic field strength to current ratio for the solenoid, in reciprocal metre. BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 7 When method A is used, the measurement shall be made for each end of the specimen, the value of the coercivity being take

41、n as the mean of the two measurements. For materials having a coercivity greater than 500 A/m, it is not necessary to make measurements for two directions of the magnetic field. NOTE Method A is a localized measurement whereas method B is an integrated measurement. Therefore, the results may not be

42、the same for an inhomogeneous test specimen. 6.4 Reproducibility Provided the foregoing procedures are carried out and the material has a uniform magnetic polarization, the reproducibility (agreement between different laboratories) of the determination of the coercivity normally expected is less tha

43、n or equal to 5 % for coercivities less than 40 A/m and 2 % for coercivities greater than 40 A/m. However, this reproducibility may be affected by non-uniform properties and shape of the test specimen. 7 Test report The test report shall contain, as necessary: a) type and condition of the material;

44、b) the shape and dimensions of the test specimen; c) the method of magnetization to saturation; d) the measuring method and device used; e) the calculated value of the coercivity, HcJ; f) the test temperature. Figure 1 Hysteresis loop BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 8 Key 1 solenoid 2 test specime

45、n 3 flux sensing probe (e.g. Hall or fluxgate probe) mounted off the axis 4 vibrating search coil Figure 2 Method A Key 1 solenoid 2 test specimen 3 differential probes (e.g. Hall or fluxgate probes) Figure 3 Method B BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 9 Key 1 solenoid 2 magnetizing current source E

46、variable d.c. supply A current measuring device S1changeover switch S2reversing switch Figure 4 Magnetizing and demagnetizing circuit BS EN 10330:2015EN 10330:2015 (E) 10 Annex A (normative) Precautions to be taken for measurements of coercivity below 40 A/m and above 160 kA/m A.1 Coercivities below

47、 40 A/m For materials having a coercivity below 40 A/m, the following precautions shall be observed: a) the measuring apparatus shall be set up in an environment free from strong magnetic fields and remote from masses of magnetic material; b) the ambient magnetic field shall be compensated for or th

48、e equipment shielded to reduce the value of the field to below 0,5 A/m; c) care shall be taken to avoid the introduction of internal mechanical stresses during and after preparation of the test specimens; d) when using a Hall probe to measure coercivities below 10 A/m, it will be necessary to check

49、that the magnetic field due to the Hall probe bias current does not affect the measurement. A.2 Coercivities above 160 kA/m For materials having a coercivity above 160 kA/m, the following precautions shall be observed: a) specimens of materials having high coercivities often have a dimensional ratio (length to width) of less than 5 to 1. In these cases, it may be possible to facilitate magnetization to saturation by means of extension pieces of similar material placed at both ends of the specimen during magnetization; b) care shall be taken