DIN-Fachbericht CEN TR 15473-2007 Characterization of sludges - Good practice for sludge drying《淤泥的特性 淤泥烘干用良好实施规程》.pdf

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1、 DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15473:2007-06 2 Nationales Vorwort Der vorliegende DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15473 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Gute fachliche Praxis zur Schlammtrocknung“ wurde im CEN/TC 308 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen“ erarbeitet. Deutschland war an der Erarbeitung ber den Arbeitsausschu

2、ss NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung“ im Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (NAW) im DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V. beteiligt. Das ursprnglich mit dem Ziel der Verffentlichung als Europische Norm vorgesehene Projekt wurde im Rahmen der Befragung der im CEN vertretenen Mitgliedslnder zu

3、m Entwurf dieses Dokuments noch einmal ausfhrlich diskutiert und es wurde entschieden, dass die Verffentlichung nicht als Europische Norm, sondern als Technischer Bericht des CEN erfolgen soll. Gegen die Verffentlichung als Europische Norm sprachen insbesondere die unterschiedlichen nationalen Recht

4、svorschriften, die in Ergnzung zur Europischen Deponierichtlinie 1 und der Europischen Klrschlammrichtlinie 2 den Umgang mit Schlmmen und Abfllen auf Abfalldeponien und dem Klrschlamm regeln und Manahmen fr seine Verwertung oder Beseitigung aufzeigen. Fr Deutschland sind hier insbesondere die TA Sie

5、dlungsabfall 3 die Abfallablagerungsverordnung 4 die Deponieverordnung 5 die Klrschlammverordnung 6 und das Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz 7 zu nennen. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der derzeit in Deutschland stattfindenden kontroversen Diskussion zur Zukunft der Verwertung von Klrschlamm

6、 in der Landwirtschaft und aufgrund der guten Zusammenstellung der Sachverhalte zum Thema Klrschlamm im europischen Raum hat der fachlich zustndige NA 119-01-02 AA beschlossen, den Bericht CEN/TR 15473 der ffentlichkeit in der englischen Original-fassung mit deutschem Vorwort zur Verfgung zu stellen

7、. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf sechs DIN-Fachberichte, CEN/CR 13714 8, CEN/CR 13846 9, CEN/CR 13097 10, CEN/TR 13767 11, CEN/TR 13768 12 und CEN/TR 15126 13 des CEN/TC 308 Charakterisierung von Schlmmen“ verwiesen, die den vorliegenden Bericht thematisch ergnzen. Literaturverzeichnis 1 Entscheidu

8、ng des Rates vom 19. Dezember 2002 zur Festlegung von Kriterien und Verfahren fr die Annahme von Abfllen auf Abfalldeponien gem Artikel 16 und Anhang II der Richtlinie 1999/31/EG, ABl. EG Nr. L 011 S. 27 2 Richtlinie 86/278/EWG des Rates vom 12. Juni 1986 ber den Schutz der Umwelt und insbesondere d

9、er Bden bei der Verwendung von Klrschlamm in der Landwirtschaft, ABl. EG Nr. L 181 S. 6 3 Dritte allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Abfallgesetz (TA Siedlungsabfall), Technische Anleitung zur Verwertung, Behandlung und sonstigen Entsorgung von Siedlungsabfllen vom 14. Mai 1993, BAnz Nr. 99a S. 1 D

10、IN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15473:2007-06 3 4 Verordnung ber die umweltvertrgliche Ablagerung von Siedlungsabfllen (Abfallablagerungs-verordnung AbfAblV) vom 20. Februar 2001, BGBl. I S. 305 5 Verordnung ber Deponien und Langzeitlager (Deponieverordnung DepV) vom 24. Juli 2002, BGBl. I S. 2807 6 Klrschlam

11、mverordnung (AbfKlrV) vom 15. April 1992, BGBl. I S. 912, zuletzt gendert durch Art. 4 V. v. 20.10.2006 I 2298 7 Gesetz zur Frderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft und Sicherung der umweltvertrglichen Beseitigung von Abfllen (Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz KrW-/AbfG) vom 27. September 1994, BGBl. I

12、 S. 2705, zuletzt gendert durch Art. 7 G v. 9.12.2006 I 2819 8 DIN-Fachbericht 118, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Management von Schlamm zur Verwertung oder Beseitigung 9 DIN-Fachbericht 123, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Manahmen zur Sicherung und Erweiterung der Mglichkeiten zur Schlammverwertun

13、g und -beseitigung 10 DIN-Fachbericht CEN/CR 13097, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Gute Praxis bei der Verwendung von Schlmmen in der Landwirtschaft 11 DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 13767, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Anleitung fr die gute fachliche Praxis bei der Verbrennung von Schlamm mit und ohne Fet

14、t und Rechengut 12 DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 13768, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Anleitung fr die gute fachliche Praxis bei der gemeinsamen Verbrennung von Schlmmen und Haushaltsabfllen 13 DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15126, Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Gute fachliche Praxis bei der Deponierung von Schla

15、mm und Rckstnden aus der Schlammbehandlung DIN-Fachbericht CEN/TR 15473:2007-06 4 Leerseite TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15473March 2007ICS 13.030.20English VersionCharacterization of sludges - Good practice for sludges dryingCaractrisation des boues - Bonne pratique po

16、ur leschage des bouesCharakterisierung von Schlmmen - Gute fachliche Praxiszur SchlammtrocknungThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 August 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus,

17、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EURO

18、PEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15473:2007: ECEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introducti

19、on .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms , definitions and abbreviated terms .5 4 General7 5 Treatment process description 9 6 Drying plant ancillaries .35 7 Operation 38 8 Safety considerations .42 9 Characteristics of dried sludge products .47 10 Outlets available 51 Bibliography 56 CEN/TR

20、 15473:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15473:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. The status of this document as CEN/TR has been chosen because much of its content is not completely in line with

21、practice and regulations in each member state. This document gives recommendations for good practice concerning the drying of sludges, but existing national regulations remain in force. CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 4 Introduction All the information of this CEN Technical report constitutes a framework for

22、the process of drying sludges. Various Directives will apply to thermally dried sludge products depending on the use to which they are to be put. These Directives include Directive 86/278/EEC(see 1) for recycling to land, Directive1999/31/EC (see 2) for disposal to landfill and Directive 2000/76/EC

23、(see 3) for incineration and energy recovery and Directive 94/9 for equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (see 4). This document should be read in the context of the requirements of these Directives and any other relevant regulations, standards and codes of practice, which

24、may prevail locally within Member States. CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This CEN Technical report describes good practices for sludge drying and it is one of a series on sludge management options. It gives guidance on - drying processes; - characteristics of dried sludge products; - recycling or d

25、isposal of dried sludge products. from urban wastewater treatment plants. Sludges of other origin, like sludge from water supply or industrial treatment plants are not in the exact scope of this CEN Technical Report, however the handling of most of these sludges will comply to a large extent with th

26、e leads given in this CEN Technical Report. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any ame

27、ndments) applies. EN 1085, Wastewater treatment Vocabulary EN 12832, Characterisation of sludges Utilisation and disposal of sludges Vocabulary CR 13714, Characterisation of sludges Sludge management in relation to use or disposal CEN/TR 13767, Characterisation of sludges Good practice for sludges i

28、ncineration with and without grease and screenings CEN/TR 13768, Characterisation of sludges Good practice for combined incineration of sludges and household wastes CEN/TR 15126, Characterisation of sludges Good practice for landfilling of sludges and sludge treatment residues 3 Terms , definitions

29、and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN 1085, EN 12832 and CR 13714 apply and also those given in: Directive 91/271/EC (see 5) concerning urban wastewater treatment; Directive 75/442/EC (see 6) the waste framework direct

30、ive as amended by Directive 91/156/EC (see 7); Directive 99/31/EC (see 2) on the landfill of waste; Directive 86/278/EEC (see 1) on the protection of the environment, and in particular the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture; Directive 2000/76/EC (see 3) on incineration; Directive 94/9 (

31、see 4) for equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres; CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 6 Directive 99/92/EC (see 8) on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres; and the following terms and definitions app

32、ly: 3.1.1 adhesion or shearing phase phase, which exists in a range of some 40 % to 60% dry residue content, where the sewage sludge changes its rheological behaviour. Within this phase there is a “sticky mass“ whose treatment and transportation is to be given special attention. Above the adhesion p

33、hase the sewage sludge has, in many cases, depending on the drying equipment, a more crumbly/lumpy structure that makes it easier to handle 3.1.2 fully dried / partly dried sludge sludge dried above 85% dry residue content is defined as “fully dried” and sludge of dry residue content below 85% as “p

34、artly dried” 3.1.3 convection dryer drying system where the heat is transferred to the product by a gaseous medium which is in intimate and direct contact with the product NOTE The evaporated water is thus mixed with the drying medium and the exhaust gases from the dryer consist of the drying gas in

35、cluding leakage air plus the evaporated water. Convection dryer can operate with direct or indirect heating. 3.1.4 conduction dryer drying system where the heat is transferred through an intermediate heat transfer surface to the product NOTE The medium, which supplies the heat to the product, is nev

36、er in direct contact with it. The total exhaust gas amount leaving the dryer is the evaporated water plus some leakage air. Therefore a conduction dryer is always operated with indirect heating. 3.1.5 solar dryer drying system where the heat is transferred to the product by solar radiation 3.1.6 com

37、bined drying system system, which uses both principles, convection and conduction in the same dryer 3.1.7 hybrid drying system system that consists of a combination of a conduction dryer and a convection dryer 3.1.8 direct heating off gas from the burner is in contact with the drying product 3.1.9 i

38、ndirect heating heating loop is crossing a heat exchanger 3.2 Abbreviated terms BOD Biological Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 7 HAZOP Hazard and Operability Studies LCV Lower Calorific Value LIT Layer Ignition Temperature LOC Limiting Oxygen Concentration MEC Minimum

39、Explosion Concentration MIE Minimum Ignition Energy MIT Minimum Ignition Temperature MPOC Maximum Permissible Oxygen Concentration PLC Programmable Logic Controller RTO Regenerative Thermal Oxydizer SCADA System Control, Alarm and Data Acquisition VOC Volatile Organic Carbon WWTP Waste Water Treatme

40、nt Plant 4 General The drying of sewage sludge is a complex process but it can contribute to the need for increased disposal security for sewage sludge. With dried sewage sludge, a wider potential customer market can be approached than for liquid or dewatered products. It can be recorded that the ra

41、nge of those willing to accept sewage sludge can be expanded if one offers dried sewage sludge. In any case, the opportunity for marketing sewage sludge can be extended considerably which, in turn, represents an additional security for disposal and/or utilisation. The overview of thermal dryer types

42、 is given in Figure 1. CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 8 with direct heating Convection dryers Conduction dryers with indirect heating Dryers with indirect heating Combined drying systems: Hybrid drying systems + Convection dryer Conduction dryer The principles of convection and conduction are applied in one

43、dryerSolar dryers Figure 1: Overview on thermal dryer types Thermal drying of sludge can result in the following advantages for almost all outlet routes: Substantial minimisation of the bulk of sludge for disposal. Thus 1 t dry residue of sludge at 90% represents 1,1 t actual or wet mass of sludge f

44、or disposal, but 1 t dry residue of sludge at 5% represents 20 t wet mass of sludge for disposal. Minimisation of sludge mass and volume by thermal drying results in savings in transport costs, which can be a major component of disposal costs. The removal of water leaves a thermally dried sludge pro

45、duct with a lower calorific value (LCV) (about 10 MJ/kg to 15 MJ/kg, depending e.g. upon the extent of pre-treatment), which can be used for thermal recycling. The thermally dried sludge product has favourable properties, as it is usually handable and storable, which lends flexibility to operations.

46、 For recycling to agriculture, in particular, there is the advantage that thermal drying is an advanced treatment process whereby the dried sludge product gets sanitised and effectively free of pathogens at the end of the process. Whilst the thermally dried product has definite advantages over other

47、 types of sewage sludge, there are some reservations (Brown and Jacobs, 2001 (see 9) about the thermal drying process as follows: High capital cost (see 7.2.1); High operating cost, mainly energy consumption (see 7.2.1); Safety issues, particularly risk of fire and explosion (see clause 8); Technolo

48、gy can be complex and needs some well trained operators (see 7.3); The thermally dried product can be re-infected by micro-organisms and as a result of rewetting odour can be released after storage dependent upon the conditions of storage. CEN/TR 15473:2007 (E) 9 The thermally dried sludge product c

49、an reach a dry residue content up to about 95% mass fraction. In most instances thermal drying of sludge will aim to achieve a dry residue content of more than 50% in order to avoid the adhesion or shearing phase. 5 Treatment process description 5.1 General There are numerous designs of thermal drying equipment available on the mar