DIN ISO 8243-2015 Cigarettes - Sampling (ISO 8243 2013)《卷烟 取样(ISO 8243-2013)》.pdf

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1、December 2015 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 65.160!%Ik“2385972www.din.deDIN

2、 ISO 8243Cigarettes Sampling (ISO 8243:2013),English translation of DIN ISO 8243:2015-12Zigaretten Probenahme (ISO 8243:2013),Englische bersetzung von DIN ISO 8243:2015-12Cigarettes chantillonnage (ISO 8243:2013),Traduction anglaise de DIN ISO 8243:2015-12SupersedesDIN ISO 8243:2009-02www.beuth.deDo

3、cument comprises 16 pagesDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.11.15 Contents Introduction 1 Scope .2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions .4 Sampling mode: At one time .4.1 Procedure for sampling at the point of s

4、ale .4.2 Procedure for sampling at the factory .5 Sampling mode: Over a period of time .5.1 General 5.2 Procedure for sampling over a period of time at the factory .6 Statistical evaluation and reporting 6.1 Statistical evaluation .6.2 Outliers .6.3 Confidence interval 6.4 Applications to the verifi

5、cation of cigarettes yields .7 Sampling reportAnnex A (informative) Flow chart illustration of the sampling in Clauses 4 and 5 .Annex B (informative) Sources of variability concerning the choice of sampling procedures .15Bibliography .1National foreword 3National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography

6、. 4 DIN ISO 8243:2015-12 2 56668810111111111111121213146A comma is used as the decimal marker. PageNational foreword This document (ISO 8243:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 126 “Tobacco and tobacco products”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Norme

7、nausschuss Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (DIN Standards Committee Food and Agricultural Products), Working Committee NA 057-04-01 AA Tabak und Tabakerzeugnisse. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN s

8、hall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 3308 DIN ISO 3308 ISO 3402 DIN ISO 3402 ISO 3534-1 DIN ISO 3534-1 ISO 3534-2 DIN ISO 3534-2 ISO 4387 DIN ISO 438

9、7 ISO 5725-1 DIN ISO 5725-1 ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 ISO 8454 DIN ISO 8454 ISO 10315 DIN ISO 10315 ISO 10362-1 DIN ISO 10362-1 ISO 10362-2 DIN ISO 10362-2 Amendments This standard differs from DIN ISO 8243:2009-02 as follows: a) normative references have been updated; b) explanatory notes regarding

10、 the number of samples have been included. Previous editions DIN 10246-1: 1978-04, 1982-02 DIN 10246-2: 1979-05, 1984-08 DIN ISO 8243: 1992-07, 2009-02 DIN ISO 8243:2015-12 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 3308, Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine Definitions and stand

11、ard conditions DIN ISO 3402, Tobacco and tobacco products Atmosphere for conditioning and testing DIN ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability DIN ISO 3534-2, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 2: Applied statistics DIN ISO 438

12、7, Cigarettes Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine DIN ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions DIN ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) o

13、f measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method DIN ISO 8454, Cigarettes Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke NDIR method DIN ISO 10315, Cigarettes Determination of n

14、icotine in smoke condensates Gas-chromatographic method DIN ISO 10362-1, Cigarettes Determination of water in smoke condensates Part 1: Gas-chromatographic method DIN ISO 10362-2, Cigarettes Determination of water in smoke condensates Part 2: Karl Fischer method DIN ISO 8243:2015-12 4 IntroductionIt

15、 is difficult to recommend a detailed method of sampling cigarettes, suitable for every purpose. The objective of sampling is clearly to provide a representative sample but the problem arises because the specific purpose for which tests are required affects the recommendation.Existing national stand

16、ards, rules, regulations and laws were taken into account when preparing this International Standard and two different procedures, both of which are simple and reliable, are described: sampling at the point of sale; sampling at producers premises or importers and distributors warehouses.Sampling is

17、carried out “at one point in time” (e.g. cigarettes available for distribution from a factory/warehouse or available at a retail outlet on the market on a scheduled day). When a sample is required which represents cigarettes available over an appreciable period of time (e.g. cigarettes representing

18、several months production) a number of sub-period samples will be taken in a series of samplings, and the results combined.Since this International Standard was originally written in 1981, its role in providing a basis of sampling cigarettes for the verification of on-pack declarations of smoke cons

19、tituent yields has become increasingly important. For this reason a guide to the statistical evaluation and reporting of results is included to clarify the statistical basis of the confidence intervals for nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM), nicotine and carbon monoxide (CO) that are liste

20、d in Table 3.Sampling according to Clauses 4 and 5 of this International Standard provides a representative cigarette sample that might be used for other testing purposes.The sources of variability arising in cigarette manufacture and in the determination of smoke constituent components are describe

21、d in Annex B and in ISO/TR 22305. It is recommended that determinations of smoke constituent yields should be made on the population manufactured for sale, sampled at manufacturers factories or importers warehouses and that because of variations in cigarette manufacture the “sampling over a period o

22、f time” mode should be used wherever possible.Cigarettes SamplingDIN ISO 8243:2015-12 5 1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies two methods of providing representative samples of a population of cigarettes manufactured for sale. Different procedures are specified (see Table 1) according to whet

23、her sampling is undertaken at the point of sale or at a factory.a) Sampling “at one point in time” provides for appraisal of the chosen properties of the cigarettes on that occasion. Sampling is carried out within as short a period as possible.b) Sampling “over a period of time” provides for on-goin

24、g appraisals. It can be considered for practical purposes as a series of samples each taken “at one point in time”.Table 1 Sampling possibilitiesSampling proceduresSampling modeAt one time (instantaneous)Over a period (continuous)A At point of sale Subclause 4.1aB At a factory Subclause 4.2 Clause 5

25、aProcedure A over a period of time is possible but is not specified in this International Standard.This International Standard provides information on the statistical basis for the treatment of data and gives estimates, based on practical experience, of the typical confidence intervals for nicotine-

26、free dry particulate matter (NFDPM), nicotine and CO yields which may be found when a product is sampled in accordance with this International Standard and smoked in accordance with the procedures specified in ISO 3308, ISO 3402, ISO 4387, ISO 8454, ISO 10315, ISO 10362-1 and ISO 10362-2.2 Normative

27、 referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli

28、es.ISO 4387, Cigarettes Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machineISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a stan

29、dard measurement methodISO 8454, Cigarettes Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke NDIR methodISO 10315, Cigarettes Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates Gas-chromatographic method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms

30、and definitions apply.3.1factoryplace of manufacture or its associated distribution depots or the warehouse of an importerDIN ISO 8243:2015-12 6 3.2sale unitquantity of cigarettes ready to be offered for sale to the publicNote 1 to entry: The commonly sold packet of 20 cigarettes is used as the basi

31、s of this International Standard, but cigarettes are also sold loose and in other size packets.3.3cartoncommercial package available within a factoryEXAMPLE Packets of 20 cigarettes are usually put into cartons of 200 cigarettes.3.4place of purchasetown, village or district within the area to be sam

32、pled, or that part of the area where the cigarettes are availableNote 1 to entry: Examples of boundaries are those of cantons, local government districts, electoral areas, postal code areas or any boundaries in accordance with the geographical context, or others.3.5sampling pointspecific location re

33、presenting different kinds of sampling points (e.g. shop, specialist tobacco shop, auto-vending machine, supermarket, place in warehouse, place in factory) from which an increment is to be taken3.6populationaggregate of sale units to be sampledNote 1 to entry: The definition includes different sub-p

34、opulations, three of which are given in 3.6.1, 3.6.2 and 3.6.4.3.6.1population available to consumersaggregate of sale units in retail outlets in a given area, at any time in a given time period3.6.2population manufactured for saleaggregate of sale units at a factory3.6.3stratificationdivision of a

35、population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-populations (called strata), which are thought to be more homogeneous, with respect to the characteristics investigated, than the total population3.6.4stratified samplingin a population that can be divided into different mutually exclusive and ex

36、haustive sub-populations (called strata), sampling carried out in such a way that specified proportions of the sample are drawn from the different strata and each stratum is sampled with at least one sampling unit3.7incrementsample of cigarettes taken at one time, at one sampling point3.8sub-increme

37、ntindividual groups of cigarettes making up an increment3.9sub-period sampleincrement taken when sampling over a period of timeDIN ISO 8243:2015-12 7 3.10laboratory samplesample intended for laboratory inspection or testing3.11test samplecigarettes for test taken at random from the laboratory sample

38、 and which are representative of each of the increments making up the laboratory sample3.12test portiongroup of cigarettes randomly selected from the test sample for a determination3.13lotdefinite quantity of some product, material or service, collected together and submitted for examinationNote 1 t

39、o entry: An inspection lot may consist of several batches or parts of batches.4 Sampling mode: At one time4.1 Procedure for sampling at the point of sale4.1.1 Selection of the number and choice of sampling pointsThe number of sale units to be taken and the number of places of purchase to be randomly

40、 sampled is determined by the size of the area in which the cigarettes are sold. Select the appropriate numbers according to Table 2.Table 2 Sampling requirementsTotal number of sampling pointsNumber of sampling points to be randomly sampledNumber of sale units to be taken at each sampling point for

41、 each laboratory sample 20 20 2 10 20 10 4 5 10 5 84 4 103 3 142 2 201 1 40If the sampling requirements in Table 2 cannot be fulfilled, an alternative may be used with a justification in the sampling report. This may be independent of the size of the sales area, and not at random, but is satisfactor

42、y provided that a representative sample is taken. When used, a total of at least 40 sale units, when possible, shall be obtained.NOTE Table 2 is applicable to a sample of 800 cigarettes. The choice of 800 cigarettes per sample has been the result of balancing various factors which influence the homo

43、geneity of samples and should be large enough to obtain reliable results. Even though there was no single statistical rationale at the time the standard was developed, such sample size has proven to be sufficiently large to adequately represent a production batch and to carry out various analytical

44、tests from the same sample. If there is more than one testing laboratory then the number of sale units is increased appropriately. It is necessary to make sure that each laboratory sample is representative of the population, e.g. if more than one carton is sampled they should be subdivided between t

45、he laboratory samples.DIN ISO 8243:2015-12 8 When a sale unit does not consist of a packet of 20 cigarettes, adjust the number of sale units sampled to produce the required number of cigarettes. In case of more laboratories, special attention shall be given to the fact that each laboratory has a mat

46、ched sample.The sampling points from which the sale unit shall be obtained are to be distributed throughout the place of purchase.The choice of sampling points shall, whenever possible, reflect the pattern of retail distribution of cigarettes in that sampling place to be sampled. This is usually don

47、e by defining several kinds of sampling points for each sampling scheme.Each kind of sampling point is randomly sampled throughout the place of purchase and, in total, the increment shall make up a defined proportion of the whole sample.Sampling shall only be carried out at another kind of sampling

48、point after two unsuccessful attempts have been made at the specified points.4.1.2 Constitution of the laboratory sample4.1.2.1 From each sale unit take cigarettes in equal proportions for the laboratory samples (see Table 2).4.1.2.2 If cigarettes of the same name and characteristics are required fo

49、r several individual determinations, sufficient sale units shall be obtained from each sampling point. If several laboratories are to run tests, an equal number of sale units from each sampling point shall be contained in each laboratory sample.4.1.2.3 Each laboratory sample shall be so labelled as to link it with all the manufacturing or packaging information that is relevant to the use of the data produced from tests upon it, such