DIN EN ISO 9920-2009 Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble (ISO 9920 2007 Corrected version 20.pdf

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1、October 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 31No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.040.20; 13.180; 61.

2、020!$Z)r“1550679www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 9920Ergonomics of the thermal environment Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of aclothing ensemble (ISO 9920:2007, Corrected version 2008-11-01)English version of DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung Abschtzung der

3、Wrmeisolation und des Verdunstungswiderstandes einerBekleidungskombination (ISO 9920:2007, Korrigierte Fassung 2008-11-01)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10SupersedesDIN EN ISO 9920:2007-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 111 pages2 DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 National foreword This standard has be

4、en prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA

5、 023-00-05 GA Ergonomie der physikalischen Umgebung. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 9920:2007-10 as follows: a) Equation (38) has been corrected. b) Equation (15) has been corrected. c) In Figure A.1, “China” and “Sokchina” have been corrected to read “Chima” and “Sokchima”. d) In

6、Equation (F.8), “Icl” has been replaced by “Icli”. e) In the description of symbol H of Equation (F.1), a minus sign has been added: “W m2”. f) In the description of Equation (G.6), “mean skin temperature” has been replaced by “mean outer clothing surface temperature”. g) Throughout the standard, th

7、e term “weight” has been replaced by “mass”. h) In Table A.2, no. 134, the values of Icland Ithave been corrected. i) Introductory text has been added to Annexes A and C. Previous editions DIN EN ISO 9920: 2004-02, 2007-10 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9920June 2009ICS 13.180

8、; 61.020 Supersedes EN ISO 9920:2007 English VersionErgonomics of the thermal environment - Estimation of thermalinsulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble(ISO 9920:2007, Corrected version 2008-11-01)Ergonomie des ambiances thermiques - Dtermination delisolement thermique et de la

9、 rsistance lvaporationdune tenue vestimentaire (ISO 9920:2007, Version corrig2008-11-01)Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - Abschtzung derWrmeisolation und des Verdunstungswiderstandes einerBekleidungskombination (ISO 9920:2007, KorrigierteFassung 2008-11-01)This European Standard was approved by C

10、EN on 16 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may

11、be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN M

12、anagement Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No

13、rway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and

14、 by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9920:2009: EContents Page Foreword .3Introduction.41 Scope52 Terms and definitions .53 Application of this International Standard94 Estimation of thermal insulation of clothing ensemble based on tables and with values measured

15、on a standing thermal manikin 114.1 General .114.2 Insulation values of complete ensembles 124.3 Ensemble thermal insulation values based on individual garments .124.4 Complete ensemble insulation corrected for small differences in composition124.5 Calculation of thermal insulation for clothing ense

16、mbles134.6 Calculation of thermal insulation for individual garments135 Estimation of clothing area factor .146 Estimation of surface (or boundary) air layer insulation 147 Estimation of water vapour resistance .167.1 General .167.2 Estimation of vapour resistance of clothing ensembles based on tabl

17、es with values measured on standing thermal manikin .167.3 Estimation of vapour resistance of clothing ensemble based on its relation with dry heat resistance.168 Influence of body movement and air movement on the thermal insulation and vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble.178.1 General .178.2 C

18、orrection of clothing insulation.178.3 Correction of clothing vapour resistance.228.4 Activities other than walking248.5 Relative air velocity.249 Other factors influencing clothing insulation 269.1 General .269.2 Posture .269.3 Effect of seats 269.4 Effect of pressure269.5 Wetting269.6 Washing26Ann

19、ex A (normative) Thermal insulation values for clothing ensembles.27Annex B (normative) Thermal insulation values for individual garments 50Annex C (normative) Vapour permeability index values for clothing ensembles77Annex D (informative) Measurement of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance

20、 of clothing ensembles on a thermal manikin.92Annex E (informative) Measurement of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble on human subjects 98Annex F (informative) Different expressions for the thermal insulation of clothing .100Annex G (informative) Estimation of the

21、heat exchanges for reflective clothing 102Annex H (informative) Guidance on the determination of the covered body surface area.104Bibliography106DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 2 3 Foreword The text of ISO 9920:2007, corrected version 2008-11-01 has been prepared by Technical Committee

22、ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 9920:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by p

23、ublication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CE

24、NELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 9920:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Bel

25、gium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notic

26、e The text of ISO 9920:2007, corrected version 2008-11-01 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9920:2009 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) Introduction This International Standard is one of a series of International Standards intended for use in the study of ther

27、mal environments. It is a basic document for evaluation of the thermal characteristics of a clothing ensemble (thermal insulation and water vapour resistance). It is necessary to know these values when evaluating the thermal stress or degree of comfort provided by the physical environment according

28、to standardized methods. The thermal characteristics determined in this International Standard are values for steady-state conditions. Properties like “buffering”, adsorption of water and similar are not dealt with. The emphasis in this International Standard is on the estimation of the thermal char

29、acteristics. The heat and vapour resistance may also be measured directly, and this is discussed in the annexes. This International Standard does not deal with the local thermal insulation on different body parts, nor the discomfort due to a non-uniform distribution of the clothing on the body. Mans

30、 thermal balance in neutral, cold and warm environments is influenced by the clothing worn. For evaluating the thermal stress on human beings in the cold (IREQ, see ISO/TR 11079, insulation index), neutral environments (PMV-PPD, see ISO 7730, indices) and the heat (predicted heat strain, see ISO 793

31、3, index), it is necessary to know the thermal characteristics of the clothing ensemble, i.e. the thermal insulation and the water vapour resistance. DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 41 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for estimating the thermal characteristics (resist

32、ance to dry heat loss and evaporative heat loss) in steady-state conditions for a clothing ensemble based on values for known garments, ensembles and textiles. It examines the influence of body movement and air penetration on the thermal insulation and water vapour resistance. This International Sta

33、ndard does not deal with other effects of clothing, such as adsorption of water, buffering or tactile comfort, take into account the influence of rain and snow on the thermal characteristics, consider special protective clothing (water-cooled suits, ventilated suits, heated clothing), or deal with t

34、he separate insulation on different parts of the body and discomfort due to the asymmetry of a clothing ensemble. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 thermal insulation I resistance to dry heat loss between two surfaces, expressed

35、 in square metres Kelvin per watt (m2 K W1) NOTE 1 In this International Standard it is considered as the equivalent uniform thermal resistance, or thermal insulation, on a human body. This is the clothing heat resistance (thermal insulation) that, when uniformly covering the whole body surface (inc

36、luding hands, face, etc.), would result in the same heat loss as the actual, possibly non-uniform, clothing heat resistance. This heat resistance is the quotient of the temperature gradient between the surfaces (the driving force) over the dry heat loss per unit of body surface area (the flux): temp

37、erature gradientheat loss per unit of body surfaceareaI = (1) For the human body, this resistance can be divided into specific layers, as illustrated in Figure 1 (see also Annex F). NOTE 2 Because of the special definition of thermal insulation in this International Standard, it is usually expressed

38、 in clo, the unit of thermal insulation of clothing. Although it can be converted into SI units in similar fashion to the thermal insulation of, for example, textile samples symbol: Rct; 1 clo = 0,155 (m2 K W1), the meaning is not the same. 5DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 2.1.1 total i

39、nsulation IT thermal insulation from the body surface to the environment (including all clothing, enclosed air layers and boundary air layer) under reference conditions, static See Figure 1. NOTE Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as: sk oTttIH= (2) where skt is the mean skin surface temperature

40、, in degrees Celsius; tois the operative temperature, in degrees Celsius (in most cases equal to the air temperature, ta); H is the dry heat loss per square metre of skin, in watts per square metre. 2.1.2 basic insulation intrinsic insulation Iclthermal insulation from the skin surface to the outer

41、clothing surface (including enclosed air layers) under reference conditions, static See Figure 1. NOTE Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as: sk clclttIH= (3) where clt is the mean outer clothing surface temperature, in degrees Celsius. 2.1.3 air insulation Iathermal insulation of the boundary (

42、surface) air layer around the outer clothing or, when nude, around the skin surface See Figure 1. NOTE 1 Based on Equation (1), it is expressed as cl oattIH= (4) NOTE 2 The dry heat loss is composed of radiant and convective heat loss (see Annex G). These heat transfers through the clothing layers a

43、re not considered separately in this International Standard; for the air layer, they can be considered separately. The alternative representation is then: acr1Ihh=+(5) DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 6where hcis the convective heat transfer coefficient, in watts per square metre Kelvin

44、(W m2 K1); hris the radiative heat transfer coefficient, in watts per square metre Kelvin (W m2 K1). NOTE 3 Such values are defined for standardized conditions (static body, wind still, i.e. speed 2 clo), which typically has low air permeability, and where high wind speeds occur more frequently, the

45、 formula for the correction factor to be used is 16, 41: 3 2 0,144ar ar w0,0512 ( 0,4) 0,794 10 ( 0,4) 0,0639T,r TvvvpI eI+= (35) r2= 0,968 and SEE = 0,048 19DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) where varis the air velocity relative to the person, in metres per second, from 0,4 ms1to 18 ms1;

46、 vwis the walking speed, in metres per second, from 0 ms1to 1,2 ms1; p is the air permeability of outer fabric, in litres per square metre per second, from 1 lm2 s1to 1 000 lm2 s1low (e.g. coating or laminate) = 1; medium = 50; high (open weave) = 1 000 lm2 s1. SEE is the standard error of the estim

47、ate. For the lower area of the wind range, better results were obtained in a separate analysis 17, 42: 2 0,2648ar ar0,0881 ( 0,4) 0,0779 ( 0,4) 0,0317 ( )T,r Tvv wpI eI+ = (36) with r2= 0,931 and SEE = 0,023; 0 ms12 clo) 8.3 Correction of clothing vapour resistance The reduction of Re,Tis shown to b

48、e related to the reduction in IT. Based on the reduction factor for IT, the resultant vapour resistance in windy and moving conditions, Re,T,r, can be calculated as 12, 13: 2e,T,r T T e,T(0,3 0,5 corr 1,2 corr )R IIR= + (37)where corr ITis the correction factor for clothing insulation as, for exampl

49、e, in Equation (32). This relation is illustrated in Figure 7. DIN EN ISO 9920:2009-10 EN ISO 9920:2009 (E) 22Valid up to 1,2 ms1walking speed (vw) and 3,5 ms1relative wind speed (var) (from References 12 and 13) varfrom 0,15 ms1to 3,5 m s1vwfrom 0 ms1to 1,2 ms1Key X relative wind speed, ms1Y walking speed, ms1Figure 7 Correction factor (Re,T,r/Re,T) for reduction in clothing vapour resistance in relation to air and body movemen