DIN EN ISO 9241-151-2008 Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 151 Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces (ISO 9241-151 2008) German version EN ISO 9241-151 2008《人-机交互作.pdf

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1、September 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 23No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180; 35.240.99!$Q

2、f7“1466720www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 9241-151Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 151: Guidance on World Wide Web user interfaces(ISO 9241-151:2008)English version of DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion Teil 151: Leitlinien zur Gestaltung von Benutzungsschnittstellen

3、 fr das World Wide Web(ISO 9241-151:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09www.beuth.deDocument comprises 57 pagesDIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics”, Subcommittee SC 4 “Ergonomics of human-system i

4、nteraction”, Working Group WG 5 “Software ergonomics and human-computer dialogues” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee)

5、, Joint Technical Committee NA 023-00-04 GA Ergonomie fr Informationsverarbei-tungssysteme, Joint Working Group NA 023-00-04-05 GAK Benutzerschnittstellen. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in the EN are as follows: ISO 9241-11 DIN EN ISO 9241-11 ISO 9241-12

6、DIN EN ISO 9241-12 ISO 9241-13 DIN EN ISO 9241-13 ISO 9241-14 DIN EN ISO 9241-14 ISO 9241-15 DIN EN ISO 9241-15 ISO 9241-16 DIN EN ISO 9241-16 ISO 9241-17 DIN EN ISO 9241-17 ISO 9241-110 DIN EN ISO 9241-110 ISO 9241-171 E DIN EN ISO 9241-171 ISO 9241-303 DIN EN ISO 9241-303 ISO 13407 DIN EN ISO 1340

7、7 ISO 14915 (all Parts) DIN EN ISO 14915 (all Parts) ISO 14915-2 DIN EN ISO 14915-2 ISO 14915-3 DIN EN ISO 14915-3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability DIN EN ISO 92

8、41-12:2000-08, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information (ISO 9241-12:1998) DIN EN ISO 9241-13, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 13: User guidance DIN EN ISO 9241-14, Ergonomic requ

9、irements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues DIN EN ISO 9241-15, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 3 DIN EN ISO 9241-16, Ergonomic requirements for office work wi

10、th visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues DIN EN ISO 9241-17, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 17: Form filling dialogues DIN EN ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles E DIN EN

11、 ISO 9241-171:2006, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility DIN EN ISO 13407, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems DIN EN ISO 14915 (all Parts), Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 4 This page is

12、 intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 9241-151May 2008ICS 13.180; 35.240.99English VersionErgonomics of human-system interaction - Part 151: Guidanceon World Wide Web user interfaces (ISO 9241-151:2008)Ergonomie de linteraction homme-systme - Partie 151:Lignes di

13、rectrices relatives aux interfaces utilisateurs Web(ISO 9241-151:2008)Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion - Teil 151:Leitlinien zur Gestaltung von Benutzungsschnittstellen frdas World Wide Web (ISO 9241-151:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 May 2008.CEN members are bound to co

14、mply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Managem

15、ent Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theof

16、ficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slo

17、venia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN nat

18、ional Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 9241-151:2008: E2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Application 10 5 A reference model for human-centred design of World Wide Web user interfaces 11 6 High-level design decisions and design strategy .

19、 12 7 Content design 14 8 Navigation and search . 20 9 Content presentation 30 10 General design aspects . 37 Annex A (informative) Overview of the ISO 9241 series. 40 Annex B (informative) Sample procedure for assessing applicability and conformance 44 Bibliography. 53 EN ISO 9241-151:2008 (E) DIN

20、EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 9241-151:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a na

21、tional standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

22、patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

23、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of I

24、SO 9241-151:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 9241-151:2008 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 EN ISO 9241-151:2008 (E) Introduction It is widely accepted that usability is a key factor in successful website design but until now there has been no internationally agreed sta

25、ndard that specifically addressed the usability of World Wide Web (WWW or Web) user interfaces. World Wide Web user interfaces pose particular usability problems: their users are diverse in knowledge, capabilities, language and other factors for example, a World Wide Web user interface that works we

26、ll for subject-matter experts may be sub-optimal for ordinary users; users goals vary considerably for example, a site optimized for one set of tasks (such as e-commerce transactions) could be sub-optimal for users whose tasks are different (such as information gathering); different Web browsers or

27、user agents often render Web content in different ways for example, the layout of individual pages can change, sometimes quite dramatically. Users of the World Wide Web will have experienced the problems of inconsistency between websites and often even within the same website. For example, something

28、 as straightforward as a link may be denoted by underlining on one page, by a mouse-over on a second page and by nothing at all on a third page. A number of guidelines for good practice exist, many on the Web itself, but these guidelines sometimes conflict and can also be difficult to put into pract

29、ice. While not addressing Web user interfaces specifically, a number of International Standards are available that provide useful guidance on usability and the design of user interfaces: ISO 9241-11 to ISO 9241-17 and ISO 9241-110 provide ergonomic guidance on the design of software user interfaces

30、in general, ISO 13407 on achieving usability by incorporating user-centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems, and the ISO 14915 series of standards on the design of multimedia and hypermedia aspects of user interfaces. The recommendations and guideline

31、s provided in this part of ISO 9241 apply primarily to the design of the content of a website or, more generally, a Web application, the users navigation and interaction, as well as the presentation of the content. The user interface of different types of user agents (such as Web browsers) or additi

32、onal tools such as Web authoring tools are not the subject of this part of ISO 9241, although some guidelines could apply to those systems as well. Aspects of the technical implementation of the recommendations are also not within its scope. An important objective for developing Web user interfaces

33、is to make them accessible to the widest possible range of users, including persons with disabilities. While some guidance provided in this part of ISO 9241 is also important for the accessibility of Web user interfaces, it does not aim at covering accessibility in a comprehensive manner. Common gui

34、dance on securing and improving accessibility to ICT (information and communication technology) equipment, software and services can be found in ISO 9241-20, and detailed guidance on the accessibility of software user interfaces in general can be found in ISO 9241-171, while the World Wide Web Conso

35、rtiums Web Accessibility Initiative provides guidance specifically for Web content, user agents and authoring tools. ISO 9241 was originally developed as a seventeen-part International Standard on the ergonomics requirements for office work with visual display terminals. As part of the standards rev

36、iew process, a major restructuring of ISO 9241 was agreed to broaden its scope, to incorporate other relevant standards and to make it more usable. The general title of the revised ISO 9241, “Ergonomics of human-system interaction”, reflects these changes and aligns the standard with the overall tit

37、le and scope of Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, SC 4. The revised multipart standard is structured as series of standards numbered in the “hundreds”: the 100 series deals with software interfaces, the 200 series with human centred design, the 300 series with visual displays, the 400 series with phys

38、ical input devices, and so on. See Annex A for an overview of the entire ISO 9241 series. 4 EN ISO 9241-151:2008 (E) DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 1 Scope This part of ISO 9241 provides guidance on the human-centred design of software Web user interfaces with the aim of increasing usability. Web user

39、interfaces address either all Internet users or closed user groups such as the members of an organization, customers and/or suppliers of a company or other specific communities of users. The recommendations given in this part of ISO 9241 focus on the following aspects of the design of Web user inter

40、faces: high-level design decisions and design strategy; content design; navigation and search; content presentation. The user interfaces of different types of user agents such as Web browsers or additional tools such as Web authoring tools are not directly addressed in this part of ISO 9241 (althoug

41、h some of its guidance could apply to these systems as well). Web user interfaces are presented on a personal computer system, mobile system or some other type of network-connected device. While the recommendations given in this part of ISO 9241 apply to a wide range of available front-end technolog

42、ies, the design of mobile Web interfaces or smart devices could require additional guidance not within its scope; neither does it provide detailed guidance on technical implementation nor on issues of aesthetic or artistic design. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispe

43、nsable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 1

44、1: Guidance on usability ISO 9241-12:1998, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 12: Presentation of information ISO 9241-13, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 13: User guidance 5 DIN EN ISO 9241-151:2008-09 EN

45、 ISO 9241-151:2008 (E) ISO 9241-14, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 14: Menu dialogues ISO 9241-15, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 15: Command dialogues ISO 9241-16, Ergonomic requirements for office w

46、ork with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 16: Direct manipulation dialogues ISO 9241-17, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 17: Form filling dialogues ISO 9241-20, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 20: Accessibility guidelines for informati

47、on/communication technology (ICT) equipment and services ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles ISO 9241-171, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 171: Guidance on software accessibility ISO 9241-303, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 303:

48、 Requirements for electronic visual displays ISO 13407, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems ISO 14915 (all parts), Software ergonomics for multimedia user interfaces WCAG 1.0, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0, W3C Recommendation, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (MIT, INRIA

49、, Keio) WCAG 2.0, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (MIT, ERCIM, Keio) 1)3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 boolean search search formulation using logical operators 3.2 browser user agent allowing a person to retrieve and read hypertext, to view the contents of hypertext nodes (usually Web pages), to navigate from one node to another, and to interact with the content NOTE A browser also offers a se