DIN EN ISO 536-2012 Paper and board - Determination of grammage (ISO 536 2012) German version EN ISO 536 2012《纸和纸板 克数测定(ISO 536-2012) 德文版本EN ISO 536-2012》.pdf

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1、November 2012 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC

2、S 85.060!$:L“1922341www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 536Paper and board Determination of grammage (ISO 536:2012);English version EN ISO 536:2012,English translation of DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11Papier und Pappe Bestimmung der flchenbezogenen Masse (ISO 536:2012);Englische Fassung EN ISO 536:2012,Englische bersetzu

3、ng von DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11Papier et carton Dtermination du grammage (ISO 536:2012);Version anglaise EN ISO 536:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11SupersedesDIN EN ISO 536:1996-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 13 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considere

4、d authoritative.10.12 DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). T

5、he responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Papier, Pappe und Faserstoff (Paper, Board and Pulps Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 074-02-03 AA Physikalisch-technische Prfverfahren fr Papier und Pappe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International S

6、tandards referred to in Clause 2 of this document are as follows: ISO 186 DIN EN ISO 186 ISO 187 DIN EN 20187 ISO 287 DIN EN ISO 287 Readers of this standard should take note of the following: During a routine revision of this standard ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ identified some minor editoria

7、l changes that needed to be made. Furthermore, there were calls to validate the test method and its results by means of verifiable precision data. For simplicitys sake the results obtained in interlaboratory tests carried out in 2011 by CEPI-CTS (Comparative Testing Service of the Confederation of E

8、uropean Paper Industries) were evaluated and used as precision data (see Annex B). This means that no technical changes have been made to this European Standard. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN ISO 536:1996-08 as follows: a) a table of contents has been added; b) the standard text in Cl

9、ause 6 “Sampling” has been expanded; c) for the calculation and expression of results, Subclauses 9.1 and 9.2 require that results be expressed to three significant figures; d) the former Annex B (informative) “Limited area of sample” has been deleted; e) precision data have been included in a new A

10、nnex B (informative) “Precision”; f) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN DVM 3411 = DIN 53141: 1938-05 DIN 53111: 1954-04 DIN 53104-1: 1971-09 DIN ISO 536: 1985-02 DIN EN ISO 536: 1996-08 DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 3 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 20187,

11、 Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples DIN EN ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality DIN EN ISO 287, Paper and board Determination of moisture content of a lot Oven-dryin

12、g method DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 4 This page is intentionally blank NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 536 July 2012 ICS 85.060 Supersedes EN ISO 536:1996 English Version Paper and board Determination of grammage (ISO 536:2012) Papier et carton Dtermination du grammage (ISO 536:2012) Papier und P

13、appe Bestimmung der flchenbezogenen Masse (ISO 536:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 July 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without an

14、y alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other langua

15、ge made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

16、 Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR

17、 STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 536:2012: E Contents PageForeword .31 Scop

18、e 42 Normative references .43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle .45 Apparatus 46 Sampling 57 Conditioning .58 Procedure 59 Calculation and expression of results .510 Test report .6Annex A (normative) Determination of grammage on an “oven-dry” and “as-taken” basis .7Annex B (informative) Precision

19、.8Bibliography .92DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 536:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6 “Paper, board and pulps“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 172 “Pulp, paper and board” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Th

20、is European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of

21、the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 536:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the

22、following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan

23、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 536:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 536:2012 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012 (E) 1 ScopeThis Internatio

24、nal Standard specifies a method for determining the grammage of paper and board.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref

25、erenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average qualityISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samplesISO 287, Paper and board Determina

26、tion of moisture content of a lot Oven-drying method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1grammagemass per unit areamass of a unit area of paper or board determined by a specific method of testNOTE Grammage is expressed in grams per sq

27、uare metre.4 PrincipleThe area of the test pieces and their masses are determined and the grammage is calculated.5 Apparatus5.1 Cutting device, capable of repeatedly cleanly cutting test pieces of the same nominal size, whose area falls within 1,0 % of a known area. This shall be checked frequently

28、by measurement and, provided that the above accuracy is attained, the mean area obtained in these checks shall be used for calculating grammage.With certain types of paper and board it will be found, after carrying out this determination of area, that test pieces cannot be cut with the accuracy just

29、 defined; in such instances, the area of every test piece shall be determined individually.5.2 Balance, sufficiently accurate, over the range of mass for which it is used, to measure to within 0,5 % of the actual mass. It shall be sensitive enough to detect a change of 0,2 % in the mass to be weighe

30、d and, if the balance is of the direct-reading type, it shall be graduated so that readings may be taken to this degree of accuracy.Special sheet-weighing balances, designed to weigh test pieces of a given size and which indicate grammage directly, may be used, provided that the above conditions are

31、 fulfilled and that the area of each test piece on a single weighing is not less than 50 000 mm2(500 cm2) and not more than 100 000 mm2(1 000 cm2) (see Clause 8 and 9.2).4DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012 (E) When in use, the balance shall be shielded from air currents.6 SamplingThe selection

32、of units and sheets and the taking of specimens shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 186. The number of specimens taken (at least five) shall be sufficient for at least 20 test pieces. If tests are made on another type of sample, make sure that the specimens taken are representative of the sa

33、mple received.7 ConditioningFor the determination of conditioned grammage, the specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with ISO 187.If a determination is made in the “oven-dry” or “as-taken” condition (see Annex A), or if any other conditioning atmosphere is used, the reported results shall be

34、qualified by a statement indicating the condition of the test pieces at the time of weighing.8 ProcedureFor the determination of conditioned grammage, prepare and weigh the test pieces in the same atmospheric conditions as used to condition the specimens.Using the cutting device (5.1), cut at least

35、20 test pieces from at least five specimens, if possible taking the same number from each specimen.Whenever possible, each test piece shall have an area of not less than 50 000 mm2(preferably 200 mm 250 mm) and not more than 100 000 mm2; it may, if necessary, be composed of several smaller pieces.NO

36、TE In cases where there is only a limited sample area available and it is not possible to make up a test piece comprising several smaller pieces, a test area of not less than 10 000 mm2(100 cm2) may be used.Determine the area of each test piece by calculation, from measurements taken to the nearest

37、0,5 mm.Weigh each test piece on the balance (5.2) and express its mass to three significant figures.It is recommended, especially when dealing with small pieces, that contact of the test piece with bare hands be avoided.9 Calculation and expression of results9.1 If the procedure in Clause 8 is follo

38、wed, calculate the grammage, g, in grams per square metre, to three significant figures, for each test piece, using Equation (1):gmA=106(1)wherem is the mass, in grams, of the test piece;A is the area, in square millimetres, of the test piece.5DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012 (E) Alternativel

39、y, the grammage may be calculated using Equation (2):gmA=106(2)wherem is the average mass, in grams, of the test pieces;A is the average area, in square millimetres, of the test pieces.9.2 If a special sheet-weighing balance such as described in 5.2 is used, calculate the grammage, g, in grams per s

40、quare metre, to three significant figures, using Equation (3):gAAg=11(3)whereg1is the indicated grammage, in grams per square metre, of the test piece;A1is the area, in square millimetres, of the test piece for which the balance is calibrated;A is the area, in square millimetres, of the weighed test

41、 piece.9.3 Calculate the mean of the results and the standard deviation and express them to three significant figures.10 Test reportThe test report shall include the following information:a) a reference to this International Standard (ISO 536:2012);b) the date and place of testing;c) all the informa

42、tion necessary for identification of the sample;d) the conditioning atmosphere used;e) the area of the test piece used;f) the number of replicate tests;g) the mean and standard deviation of the results;h) if specimens have been taken from more than one position across a reel or sheet and information

43、 on grammage variation is required, the details listed in c), d), e) and f) shall be reported for each position separately;i) any departure from the procedure specified in this International Standard and any circumstances that may have influenced the results.6DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012

44、(E) Annex A (normative) Determination of grammage on an “oven-dry” and “as-taken” basisA.1 Determination of grammage on an “oven-dry” basisDetermine the area of each test piece after conditioning in accordance with Clause 7. Dry the test pieces in accordance with ISO 287 and determine their mass. Ca

45、lculate the grammage according to 9.1.A.2 Determination of grammage “as-taken”This is based on the material in the condition pertaining at the time of sampling. Select specimens and cut and weigh test pieces from them as quickly as the need for accuracy will allow. When taking specimens from a roll,

46、 cut them out from a depth such that their moisture content has remained unaffected by the ambient atmosphere.7DIN EN ISO 536:2012-11 EN ISO 536: 2012 (E) Annex B (informative) PrecisionThe precision data presented in Tables B.1 and B.2 has been obtained from CEPI-CTS, the Comparative Testing Servic

47、e of the Confederation of European Paper Industries. Estimates of repeatability and reproducibility from the CEPI-CTS programme are based on round-robin work in 2011 in which 17 laboratories from 11 European countries tested three different sample materials.The calculations have been made according

48、to ISO/TR 244981and TAPPI T 12002.The repeatability standard deviation reported in Table B.1 is the “pooled” repeatability standard deviation; that is, the standard deviation is calculated as the root-mean-square of the standard deviations of the participating laboratories. This differs from the conventional definition of repeatability in ISO 5725-13.The repeatability and reproducibility limits reported are estimates of the maximum difference which should be expected in 19 out of 20 instances, when comparing