DIN EN ISO 2039-2-2000 Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 2 Rockwell hardness (ISO 2039-2 1987) German version EN ISO 2039-2 1999《塑料 硬度的测定 第2部分 洛氏硬度》.pdf

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1、DEUTSCHE NORM Januarv 2000 Plastics - Determination of hardness Part 2: Rockwell hardness (IS0 2039-2 : 1987) English version of DIN EN IS0 2039-2 DIN - EN IS0 2039-2 ICs 83.080.01 Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Hrte - Teil 2: Rockwellhrte (IS0 2039-2 : 1987) European Standard EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 has

2、 the status of a DIN Standard. A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been published in accordance with a decision taken by CEN/TC 249 to adopt, without alteration, International Standard IS0 2039-2 as a European Standard. The responsible German body involved in i

3、ts preparation was the Normenausschuss Kunststoffe (Plastics Standards Committee), Technical Committee Mechanische Eigenschaften und Probekrperherstellung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in clause 2 of the EN are as follows: IS0 Standard DIN Standard IS0 4

4、8 DIN IS0 48 IS0 291 IS0 868 DIN EN IS0 291 DIN EN IS0 868 IS0 2039-1 DIN EN IS0 2039-1 National Annex NA Standards referred to (and not included in References and Annex ZA) DIN EN IS0 291 DIN EN IS0 868 DIN EN IS0 2039-1 Plastics - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (IS0 291 : 1997)

5、Plastics and ebonite- Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness) (IS0 868 : 1985) Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 1 : Ball indentation method (IS0 2039-1 : 1993) EN comprises 8 pages. No pari of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permiss

6、ion of Ref. No. DIN EN IS0 2039-2 : 2000-0 Y Deutsches Institut frNonunge. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, s the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen). English price group O7 Sales No. 1107 06.00 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN IS0 2039-

7、2 June 1999 ICs 83.080.1 O English version Plastics - Determination of hardness Part 2: Rockwell hardness (IS0 2039-2 : 1987) Plastiques - Dtermination de la duret - Partie 2: Duret Rockwell Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Hrte- Teil 2: Rockwellhrte (IS0 2039-2 : 1987) (IS0 2039-2 : 1987) This European

8、 Standard was approved by CEN on 1999-05-06. CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning

9、such national stand- ards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own langu

10、age and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, S

11、weden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels O 1999. CEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for C

12、EN national members. Ref. No. EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 E Page 2 EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 Foreword International Standard IS0 2039-2 : 1987 which was prepared by ISO/TC 61 Plastics of the International Organization for Standardization, has been adopted by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 Plastics, the Secretar

13、iat of which is held by IBN, as a European Standard. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by December 1999 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC

14、Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow- ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Swede

15、n, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 2: Rockwell hardness, Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IS0 2039-2 : 1987 was approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modification. NOTE: Normative references to international publi

16、cations are listed in Annex ZA (normative). Page 3 EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 1 Scope and field of application 1 .I This part of IS0 2039 specifies a method for determining the indentation hardness of plastics by means of the Rockwell hardness tester using the Rockwell M, Land R hardnessscales. 1.2 A Rock

17、well hardness number is directly related to the in- dentation hardness of a plastic material; the higher the Rockwell hardness number, the harder the material. Due to a short overlap of Rockwell hardness scales by this procedure, two different Rockwell hardness numbers of different scales may be obt

18、ained on the same material, both of which may be technically correct. 1.3 For materials having high creep and recovefy, the time- factors involved in application of the major and minor loads have a considerable effect on the results of the measurements. 1.4 An alternative method of using the apparat

19、us to give hardness on the Rockwell-a hardness scale is specified in the annex which shows how this scale may be related to the hard- ness measurement of IS0 2039-1. 2 References IS0 48, Rubber, vulcanized - Determination of hardness (Hardness between 10 and 100 IRHD). 1) IS0 291, Plastics - Standar

20、d atmospheres for conditioning and testing. IS0 868, Plastics - Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer (Shore hardness). IS0 2039-1, Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part I: Ball indentation method. 3 Principle 3.1 This is a method for determining hardness in which a con

21、stant minor load is applied to a steel ball resting on the material to be tested, followed by application of a major load, and then followed by a return to the same minor load, all at specified limits for times of loading. The actual measurement is based on the total depth of penetration, minus the

22、elastic recovery after a fixed time following removal of the major load, minus the penetration resulting from the minor load. The Rockwell hardness number is derived from the net increase in depth of impression as the load on an indentor is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load and then

23、returned to the same minor load. 3.2 Each Rockwell hardness scale division represents 0,002 mm vertical movement of the indentor. In practice, the Rockwell hardness number is derived from the following relationship : HR = 130 - e where HR is the Rockwell hardness number; e is the depth of impression

24、 after removal of the major load, in units of 0,002 mm. NOTE - This relationship only holds for the E, M, L and R scales. 4 Apparatus 4.1 which comprises essentially The apparatus is a standard Rockwell hardness tester - a rigid frame supporting an adjustable platform fitted with a plate at least 50

25、 mm in diameter to support the test specimen; - an indentor with its associated fittings; - a device for applying the appropriate loads to the indentor without impact. 4.2 The indentor comprises a polished hardened steel ball which rolls freely in its housing. The ball shall not deform dur- ing the

26、test or show damage after a test. The diameter of the in- dentor depends upon the Rockwell scale in use (see 4.5). 1) At present at the stage of draft. IRevision of IS0 48: 1979, IC0 1400: 1975 and IS0 1818: 1975.) Page 4 EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 Rockwell Hardness scale 4.3 The indentor is equipped with

27、 a dial gauge or other suitable device to measure the depth of penetration of the indentor to within 0,001 mm. It is desirable but not essential for the dial gauge to be calibrated in Rockwell hardness numbers (one Rockwell scale division = 0,002 mm). When the machine is so directly calibrated, it i

28、s usual for the dial gauge to have a black and a red scale, the latter allowing automatically for the constant of 130 in the derivation of Rockwell hardness number on the M, L and R scales (see 3.2). Alternative means of measurement of penetration and display of data may be used, provided that the a

29、ccuracy is at least equal to that of the dial gauge. Minor load Major load cl,“pe, N N mrn 4.4 The appropriate loads for the M, L and R scales are as given in 4.5. In each case the minor load is 98,07 N. Provision is usually made in the Rockwell machine to apply the minor load to the specimen by mea

30、ns of a screw capstan which raises the platform supporting the test specimen until the latter contacts the indentor. In these circumstances the dial gauge has an in- dicated point to show when the minor load has been fully ap- plied; reference should be made to the manufacturers hand- book before op

31、erating the machine. The adjustment of speed of load-application is of great importance. Adjust the dash-pot on the Rockwell tester so that the operating handle completes its travel in 4 to 5 s with no specimen on the machine or no load applied by the indentor to the anvil. The major load shall be 9

32、80.7 N for this calibration. 4.5 The major and minor loads and indentor diameters for the Rockwell scales are as follows : 12.7 i 0.015 6,35 i 0.015 98.07 980.7 6.35 * 0,015 98.07 3,175 i 0.015 Both the major and minor loads shall be accurate to within 2 Yo. NOTE - The E scale is used for calibratio

33、n only for the purpose of this International Standard. 4.6 The machine should be mounted on a level, rigid base free from vibration. If the machine mounting is unavoidably subjected to vibration (for example, in the vicinity of other test machines), the Rockwell tester may be mounted on a metal plat

34、e with sponge rubber at least 25 mm thick, or upon any other mountings which effectively damp the vibration. 4.7 The testing apparatus is calibrated periodically using a test block of metal (cast iron, aluminium and magnesium alloys, bearing metals) of known Rockwell hardness, using the Rockwell E s

35、cale. In this way any faults due to malfunctioning of the load application device or frame deformation will be observed; these faults shall be corrected before use. Ancillary checks may be made at frequent intervals using blocks calibrated for use when the machine is set up in the R, L or M test mod

36、es. 5 Test specimen 5.1 The standard test specimen shall be a flat sheet at least 6 rnm thick. It shall be of a suitable area to meet the re- quirements of 7.4. The test specimen does not necessarily have to be square. It shall not show any evidence of imprint by the indentor on the supported surfac

37、e after a test. 5.2 When specimens of the minimum thickness specified in 5.1 are not available, the test specimen shall be made up of a pile of thinner test specimens of the same thickness and the same material, provided that the surfaces of the individual pieces are in total contact and not held ap

38、art by any form of surface imperfections (as, for example, sink marks or burrs from saw cuts). 5.3 test specimen. All indentations shall be made on one surface only of the 5.4 One test specimen is sufficient for the determination of Rockwell hardness and at least five measurements shall be made on e

39、ach test specimen of isotropic materials. 5.5 If the material under test is anisotropic, the direction of indentation shall be specified in relation to the axes of anisotropy. If results in more than one direction are required, test specimens shall be prepared so that at least five Rockwell hardness

40、 measurements may be determined in each direction. 6 Conditioning The test specimens shall be conditioned before testing in the atmosphere specified in the appropriate International Standard relating to the material under test or in one of those specified in IS0 291. 7 Procedure 7.1 Unless otherwise

41、 specified, testing shall be performed in the same standard atmosphere as used for conditioning the test specimen. 7.2 Check that the major and minor loads and the indentor diameter are correct for the Rockwell hardness scale in use (see 4.5). Discard the first reading after changing a ball adjustme

42、nt, as the indentor does not properly seat by hand-adjustment in the housing chuck. The full pressure of the major loads is re- quired to seat the indentor shoulder into the chuck. NOTE - See 4.7 for periodic calibration of the apparatus. 7.3 Place the test specimen on the platform. Check that the s

43、urface of the test specimen and that of the indentor are free of dust, dirt, grease and scale and that the test specimen surface is normal to the direction of the applied load. Page 5 EN IS0 2039-2 : 1999 Apply the minor load and set the dial gauge to zero. Within 10 s of applying the minor load, ap

44、ply the major load (see 4.41. Remove the major load 15 -t As after the start of applying the major load. During this operation, avoid jerking the machine mechanism. Read the dial gauge to the nearest scale division 15 s after the start of removing the major load. NOTE - If the machine is directly ca

45、librated in Rockwell hardness numbers, it is convenient to proceed as follows : Count the number of times the needle passes through zero on the red scale after application of the major load. Subtract this from the number of times the needle passes through zero upon the removal of the major load. if

46、this dif- ference is zero, record the hardness number as the reading plus 100. If the difference is 1, record the reading as the scale reading without change and, if the difference is 2, record the reading as the scale reading minus 100. If in doubt, consult the manufacturers handbook for the machin

47、e. 7.4 Make five measurements on the same surface of the test specimen. No measurement shall be made within 10 mm of any edge of the test specimen, and no two measurements shall be made less than 10 mm apart. 7.5 Ideally, Rockwell hardness numbers should lie between 50 and 115; values above this ran

48、ge are inaccurate and the determination shall be repeated using the next severest scale. NOTE - if a less severe scale than the R scale is required, the Rockwell test is not suitable and the material should be tested in accordance with IS0 868 (Shore hardness). 8 Expression of results 8.1 the scale

49、letter. Express the Rockwell hardness as a number prefixed by 8.2 If the Rockwell hardness tester is directly calibrated in hardness numbers, record the Rockwell hardness after each test (see the note in 7.31. 8.3 (see 3.2). If necessary, calculate the Rockwell hardness number 8.4 When required, calculate the estimated standard devia- tion as follows : where o is the standard deviation (estimated); x is the individual value of Rockwell hardness; X is the arithmetic mean of the results: n is the number of results. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following pa